Chapter 10 Properties and Disorders of the Hair and Scalp

Transcription

1 Chapter 10 Properties and Disorders of the Hair and Scalp MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Trichology is the scientific study of, its disorders, and its care. a. the muscular system c. hair b. the skeleton d. skin Trichology is the scientific study of hair, its disorders, and its care. PTS: 1 REF: p The chief component of hair is a called keratin. a. pigment c. type of tissue b. protein d. liquid Hair is composed chiefly of a fibrous protein called keratin. PTS: 1 REF: p The portion of the hair that extends above the skin surface is the. a. hair shaft c. follicle b. hair root d. dermal papilla The hair shaft is the portion of the hair we see extending above the skin surface. PTS: 1 REF: p The portion of the hair that is enclosed within the follicle beneath the skin surface is the. a. dermal papilla c. hair shaft b. hair bulb d. hair root The hair root is that portion of the hair enclosed within the follicle beneath the skin surface. PTS: 1 REF: p The dermal papilla is surrounded by the. a. hair shaft c. hair root b. hair bulb d. hair follicle The hair follicle surrounds the dermal papilla.

2 6. The hair bulb forms the. a. upper part of the hair root b. lower part of the hair root c. round-shaped part of the hair shaft d. muscle that controls the growth of the hair The hair bulb forms the lower part of the hair root and is the lowest part of the hair strand. 7. The dermal papilla contains the blood and nerve supply that provides needed for hair growth. a. oxygen c. the nutrients b. lymph d. carbon The dermal papilla contains the blood and nerve supply that provides the nutrients needed for hair growth. 8. The glands secrete sebum. a. moisture c. pili b. sweat d. sebaceous The sebaceous glands secrete sebum. 9. Sebum production is not affected by. a. blood circulation c. exercise b. emotional disturbance d. diet Sebum production is not affected by exercise. It is affected by diet, blood circulation, emotional disturbance, stimulation of the endocrine glands, and certain drugs. 10. The arrector pili is a minute, in the skin attached to the base of the hair follicle. a. involuntary muscle fiber c. tendon b. voluntary muscle fiber d. ligament The arrector pili is a minute, involuntary muscle fiber in the skin attached to the base of the hair follicle.

3 11. The hair shaft consists of main layers. a. two c. four b. three d. five The hair shaft consists of three main layers: the cuticle, cortex, and medulla. OBJ: LO: 10.2 Identify and distinguish the three layers of the hair shaft. 12. The consists of a single overlapping layer of transparent, scale-like cells that look like shingles on a roof. a. cortex c. cuticle b. medulla d. follicle The cuticle consists of a single overlapping layer of transparent, scale-like cells that look like shingles on a roof. OBJ: LO: 10.2 Identify and distinguish the three layers of the hair shaft. 13. Swelling the hair with high-ph products raises the cuticle layer and opens the spaces between the, allowing liquids to penetrate into the cortex. a. proteins c. shafts b. muscles d. scales Swelling the hair with high-ph products, such as oxidation tints, permanent waving solutions, or chemical hair relaxers, raises the cuticle layer and opens the spaces between the scales, allowing liquids to penetrate into the cortex. OBJ: LO: 10.2 Identify and distinguish the three layers of the hair shaft. 14. The hair feels when you move your thumb and fingers from its end to the scalp. a. smooth c. rough b. tacky d. dry The hair feels rough when you move from its end to the scalp because you are going against the cuticle layer. OBJ: LO: 10.2 Identify and distinguish the three layers of the hair shaft. 15. The cortex is the layer of the hair. a. outermost c. innermost b. middle d. smallest The cortex is the middle layer of the hair. OBJ: LO: 10.2 Identify and distinguish the three layers of the hair shaft.

4 16. The accounts for about 90 percent of the total weight of the hair. a. medulla c. melanin b. cortex d. cuticle The cortex accounts for about 90 percent of the total weight of the hair. OBJ: LO: 10.2 Identify and distinguish the three layers of the hair shaft. 17. Hair that is missing the medulla is. a. not dyable c. coarse b. curly d. naturally blond The medulla may be absent in very fine and naturally blond hair. OBJ: LO: 10.2 Identify and distinguish the three layers of the hair shaft. 18. Hair mature through a process called keratinization. a. glands c. shafts b. follicles d. bulbs Hair shafts mature through a process called keratinization. 19. Protein makes up approximately percent of human hair. a. 65 c. 85 b. 70 d. 90 Human hair is approximately 90 percent protein. 20. The essential elements in human are sulfur, carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen. a. hair c. lungs b. teeth d. kidneys The essential elements in the human hair are carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur. 21. The chemical composition of normal hair is percent carbon. a. 51 c. 71 b. 61 d. 81

5 Normal hair is typically made up of 51 percent carbon. PTS: 1 REF: p Amino acids are made of. a. elements c. proteins b. oxides d. bonds Amino acids are made of elements. 23. Amino acids are joined in a definite order by peptide bonds. a. endtoside c. sidetoside b. endtoend d. None of the answers are correct. Amino acids are joined end to end in a definite order by peptide bonds. PTS: 1 REF: p The polypeptide chains intertwine around each other to create the spiral shape of a coiled. a. keratin c. elastin b. protein d. element The polypeptide chains intertwine with each other to create the spiral shape of a coiled protein. PTS: 1 REF: p Within the, polypeptide chains are cross-linked by side bonds. a. hair cortex c. medulla b. cuticle d. skin Within the hair cortex, polypeptide chains are cross-linked by side bonds. PTS: 1 REF: p The three types of bonds are hydrogen, salt, and disulfide bonds. a. keratin c. side b. Hair d. chain The three types of side bonds are hydrogen, salt, and disulfide bonds. PTS: 1 REF: p. 251

6 27. side bonds are easily broken by water or heat. a. Chemical c. Hydrogen b. Polypeptide d. Salt Hydrogen side bonds are weak, physical, cross-link side bonds that are easily broken by water or heat. PTS: 1 REF: p Salt bonds depend on ph and account for of the hair s total strength. a. one-quarter c. one-half b. one-third d. two-thirds Salt bonds depend on ph and account for one-third of the hair s total strength. PTS: 1 REF: p Disulfide bonds are the side bonds in the cortex. a. strongest c. most numerous b. weakest d. only physical Although there are fewer disulfide bonds in the hair, they are stronger than hydrogen or salt bonds. PTS: 1 REF: p Disulfide bonds join the sulfur atoms of two neighboring amino acids to create one cystine. a. lysteine c. sulfide b. cysteine d. bisulfide Disulfide bonds join the sulfur atoms of two neighboring cysteine amino acids to create one cystine. PTS: 1 REF: p Thioglycolate permanent waves and chemical hair relaxers break disulfide bonds. a. hydrogen peroxide c. carbon b. nitrogen oxide d. hydroxide Thioglycolate permanent waves and hydroxide chemical hair relaxers break disulfide bonds. PTS: 1 REF: p. 252 p Natural hair color is the result of the pigment found within the cortex. a. melanin c. sulfide b. keratin d. side-bond Natural hair color is the result of the melanin pigment found within the cortex.

7 PTS: 1 REF: p Black and brown hair colors are provided by. a. medulla c. eumelanin b. cuticle d. pheomelanin Eumelanin provides brown and black color to hair. PTS: 1 REF: p Red and ginger to yellow and light blond hair colors are provided by. a. pheomelanin c. eumelanin b. the disulfide bonds d. the cuticle Pheomelanin provides natural hair colors that range from red and ginger to yellow and light blond tones. PTS: 1 REF: p What term can be described as straight, wavy, curly, or extremely curly? a. Hair pigment. c. Wave growth. b. Hair stream. d. Wave pattern. The wave pattern of hair refers to the shape of the hair strand and is described as straight, wavy, curly, and extremely curly. PTS: 1 REF: p African Americans tend to have hair. a. extremely straight c. curly b. straight d. extremely curly African Americans tend to have extremely curly hair. PTS: 1 REF: p Asians and Native Americans tend to have hair. a. extremely straight c. curly b. straight d. extremely curly Asians and Native Americans tend to have extremely straight hair. PTS: 1 REF: p. 253

8 38. Which type of hair often has low elasticity, breaks easily, and has a tendency to knot, especially on the ends? a. Extremely straight. c. Curly. b. Straight. d. Extremely curly. Extremely curly hair often has low elasticity, breaks easily, and has a tendency to knot, especially on the ends. PTS: 1 REF: p Vellus, or lanugo, hair is and in adults is found in places normally considered hairless. a. terminal c. short and coarse b. long d. short and fine Vellus, or lanugo, hair is the short, fine, un-pigmented, downy hair. In adults, vellus hair is found in places normally considered hairless (forehead, eyelids, and bald scalp). PTS: 1 REF: p Terminal hair is found on. a. the forehead c. the eyelids b. the arms d. a bald scalp Terminal hair is the long, coarse hair found on the scalp, legs, arm, and bodies of males and females. PTS: 1 REF: p The average growth rate of healthy hair on the scalp is about. a. inch per month c. inch per year b. inch per week d. foot every 2 years The average growth rate of healthy hair on the scale is about inch (1.25 centimeters) per month. PTS: 1 REF: p Hair growth is not increased by any of the following except. a. shaving c. applying ointments b. trimming d. the time of the year Hair growth is influenced by your age, the seasons of the year, nutrition, and hormonal changes within the body. PTS: 1 REF: p. 255

9 43. During the phase, the hair bulb disappears. a. resting c. catagen b. anagen d. telogen During the catagen phase the follicle shrinks, the hair bulb disappears, and the shrunken root end forms a rounded club. PTS: 1 REF: p During the phase, the hair is either shed or remains in place until it is pushed out by the growth of a new hair. a. telogen c. anagen b. catagen d. transition During the telogen phase the hair is either shed or remains in place until it is pushed out by the growth of a new hair in the next anagen phase. PTS: 1 REF: p At any given time, about percent of scalp hair is in the anagen phase. a. 10 c. 60 b. 40 d. 90 About 90 percent of scalp hair is in the anagen phase at any given time. PTS: 1 REF: p During which phase is new hair produced? a. Telogen. c. Anagen. b. Catagen. d. Transition. During the anagen phase, or growth phase, new hair is produced. PTS: 1 REF: p The result of follicles being arranged and sloping in a uniform manner is called. a. a hair stream c. a whorl b. hair texture d. a cowlick The result of follicles being arranged and sloping in a uniform manner is called a hair stream. PTS: 1 REF: p A tuft of hair standing straight up is known as a. a. forelock c. wave pattern

10 b. cowlick d. whorl A tuft of hair that stands straight up is a cowlick. PTS: 1 REF: p Alopecia is the technical term for. a. any abnormal hair loss c. white hair b. complete baldness d. gray hair Abnormal hair loss is called alopecia. PTS: 1 REF: p. 258 OBJ: LO: 10.5 Identify and define seven types of hair loss. 50. is hair loss that occurs as a result of genetics, age, and hormonal changes that cause the miniaturization of terminal hair, converting it to vellus hair. a. Porosity c. Androgenic alopecia b. Alopecia senilis d. Alopecia prematura Androgenic alopecia is hair loss that occurs as a result of genetics, age, and hormonal changes that cause the miniaturization of terminal hair, converting it to vellus hair. PTS: 1 REF: p. 258 OBJ: LO: 10.5 Identify and define seven types of hair loss. 51. Androgenic alopecia in men is also called. a. tonsure baldness c. premature hair loss b. horseshoe baldness d. male pattern baldness In men, androgenic alopecia is also known as male pattern baldness. PTS: 1 REF: p. 258 OBJ: LO: 10.5 Identify and define seven types of hair loss. 52. Alopecia is characterized by the sudden falling out of hair in round patches. a. temporalis c. prematura b. areata d. senilis Alopecia areata is characterized by the sudden falling out of hair in round patches, which creates bald spots, and can progress to total scalp hair loss, known as alopecia totalis, or complete body hair loss, called alopecia universalis. PTS: 1 REF: p. 258 OBJ: LO: 10.5 Identify and define seven types of hair loss. 53. is a topical treatment that is applied to the scalp twice a day to stimulate hair growth. a. Minoxidil c. Furuncle b. Alopecia d. Folliculitis

11 Minoxidil is a topical treatment that has been proven to stimulate hair growth. It is applied to the scalp twice a day and is sold over the counter as a nonprescription drug under the brand names Rogaine and Theroxidil. PTS: 1 REF: p. 260 OBJ: LO: 10.6 Identify and describe the two FDA-approved treatments for hair loss. 54. Finasteride is. a. characterized by hair falling out suddenly b. applied to the scalp c. an oral medication for hair loss d. available for women only Finasteride is an oral prescription medication for men only sold under the brand name Propecia. This drug is extremely effective in slowing the rate of hair loss and can even grow new hair; however, once you stop using the drug all the hair loss returns. PTS: 1 REF: p. 260 OBJ: LO: 10.6 Identify and describe the two FDA-approved treatments for hair loss. 55. is abnormal hair growth and can be treated in the barbershop. a. Tinea c. Hypertrichosis b. Sycosis vulgaris d. Scabies Hypertrichosis, also known as hirsuties, is a condition of abnormal growth of hair. It is characterized by the growth of terminal hair on areas of the body that are normally covered with only vellus hair. PTS: 1 REF: p. 261 OBJ: LO: 10.7 Identify and define common hair disorders. 56. is the technical term for gray hair. a. Hypertrichosis c. Defective keratinization b. Canities d. Pediculosis capitis Canities is the technical term for gray hair. PTS: 1 REF: p. 260 OBJ: LO: 10.7 Identify and define common hair disorders. 57. Split ends are called. a. trichorrhexis nodosa c. monilethrix b. hypertrichosis d. trichoptilosis Trichoptilosis is the technical term for split ends. PTS: 1 REF: p. 261 OBJ: LO: 10.7 Identify and define common hair disorders. 58. Brittle hair is technically known as. a. fragilitas crinium c. monilethrix

12 b. hypertrichosis d. trichorrhexis nodosa Fraglitas crinium is the technical term for brittle hair. PTS: 1 REF: p. 261 OBJ: LO: 10.7 Identify and define common hair disorders. 59. Dandruff is technically known as. a. eumelanin c. arrector pili b. androgenic alopecia d. pityriasis Pityiasis is the technical term for dandruff, which is characterized by the excessive production and accumulation of skin cells. PTS: 1 REF: p Scalp irritation,, and an itchy scalp are characteristic of pityriasis capitis simplex. a. hair falling out in patches c. small lakes b. large flakes d. a red rash Pityriasis capitis simplex is the technical term for classic dandruff, and is characterized by scalp irritation, large flakes, and an itchy scalp. PTS: 1 REF: p that stick to the scalp in patches are characteristic of pityriasis steatoides. a. Furuncles c. Greasy or waxy scales b. Large dry scales d. Gray hairs Pityriasis steatoides is a more severe form of dandruff that is characterized by an accumulation of greasy or waxy scales mixed with sebum. This excessive shedding mixed with sebum causes the scales to adhere to the scalp in patches, where they can cause itching and irritation. PTS: 1 REF: p is ringworm of the bearded area. a. Folliculitis barbae c. Tinea sycosis b. Pediculosis capitis d. Tinea favosa Tinea sycosis is ringworm of the bearded areas on the ace. PTS: 1 REF: p on the scalp are symptoms of tinea favosa. a. Large, white, hairless patches c. Red itchy patches b. Dry scales d. Dry, sulfur-yellow, cuplike crusts

13 Tinea favosa is characterized by dry, sulfur-yellow, cuplike crusts on the scalp having a peculiar, musty odor. PTS: 1 REF: p The two most common parasitic infestations barbers may see in the barbershop are and scabies. a. pityriasis capitis simplex c. pheomelanin b. pediculosis capitis d. primary terminal hair The two most common parasitic infestations barbers may see in the barbershop are pediculosis and scabies. PTS: 1 REF: p Sycosis vulgaris,, and pseudofolliculitis barbae are staphylococcal infections involving the follicles. a. pediculosis capitis c. folliculitis barbae b. lanugo d. medulla Barbers may encounter bacterial staphylococci infections in the barbershop in the form of different types of folliculitis. Some of the more common forms of are folliculitis barbae, pseudofolliculitis barbae, sycosis vulgaris, furuncles, and carbuncles. PTS: 1 REF: p The technical term for a is furuncle. a. boil c. pimple b. vein d. blackhead The technical term for a boil is furuncle. PTS: 1 REF: p Pseudofolliculitis barbae is also referred to as. a. secondary terminal hair c. barber s itch b. boils d. razor bumps Pseudofolliculitis barbae is also referred to as razor bumps. PTS: 1 REF: p Hair texture is measured by the diameter of the hair strand and is classified as coarse,, or fine. a. intermediate c. curly b. average d. medium

14 Hair texture is measured by the diameter of the hair strand and is classified as coarse, medium, or fine. PTS: 1 REF: p. 266 OBJ: LO: 10.9 Identify the factors to be observed and considered during a hair and scalp analysis. 69. Hair with a texture has the largest diameter. a. blonde c. coarse b. regular d. fine Hair with a coarse texture has the largest diameter and tends to be stronger than fine hair. PTS: 1 REF: p. 266 OBJ: LO: 10.9 Identify the factors to be observed and considered during a hair and scalp analysis. 70. Fine hair. a. is more susceptible to damage from chemical services b. requires the longest processing time for chemical services c. is larger in diameter than coarse hair d. is harder to process than coarse hair Fine hair has the smallest diameter and is generally more fragile, easier to process, and more susceptible to damage from chemical services than is coarse or medium hair. PTS: 1 REF: p. 266 OBJ: LO: 10.9 Identify the factors to be observed and considered during a hair and scalp analysis. 71. Hair density refers to the number of individual hair strands of scalp area. a. everywhere c. on the front portion b. per square inch d. per square centimeter Hair density refers to the number of individual hair strands per square inch of scalp area. PTS: 1 REF: p. 267 OBJ: LO: 10.9 Identify the factors to be observed and considered during a hair and scalp analysis. 72. The hair s is the ability of the hair to absorb moisture. a. elasticity c. density b. porosity d. texture The hair s porosity is the ability of the hair to absorb moisture. PTS: 1 REF: p. 267 OBJ: LO: 10.9 Identify the factors to be observed and considered during a hair and scalp analysis. 73. Resistant hair has porosity. a. no c. average b. low d. high Hair that is classified as having low porosity is considered resistant.

15 PTS: 1 REF: p. 267 OBJ: LO: 10.9 Identify the factors to be observed and considered during a hair and scalp analysis. 74. may stretch up to 50 percent of its original length and return to that length without breaking. a. Hair with normal elasticity c. Hair with low elasticity b. Curly or wavy hair d. Straight hair Curly or wavy hair may stretch up to 50 percent of its original length and return to that length without breaking. PTS: 1 REF: p. 268 OBJ: LO: 10.9 Identify the factors to be observed and considered during a hair and scalp analysis.