OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY PRACTICES AMONG BEAUTY SALON WORKERS IN MUKAA SUB-COUNTY IN MAKUENI COUNTY, KENYA FREDRICK KY ALO NGEMU, (BSC,FND)

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1 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY PRACTICES AMONG BEAUTY SALON WORKERS IN MUKAA SUB-COUNTY IN MAKUENI COUNTY, KENYA FREDRICK KY ALO NGEMU, (BSC,FND) P A RESEARCH PROPOSAL SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE ADIVISION OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF PUBLIC HEALTH IN THE SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH OF KENYATTA UNIVERSITY. SEPTEMBER ,.. c TTA \lnlverslty K f ~ <...~ ~OX 438L NAIROBI - KENYA \ \? 3 Sf: 2:1!~ _.... _~T'T"C'n \

2 11 DECLARA TION This proposal is my original work and has not been presented for a degree in any other university Signature dj!!/ Da,e lsj(}1/?cr. Fredrick Kyalo Ngemu (BSC, FND) P57/22967/2011 Supervisors This proposal has been submitted for review with our approval as university supervisors L s;gn~datejr;jc.d{t Dr. Osero Justus Community Health Department Dr. Pacificah Okemwa Department of Gender and Development Studies

3 III TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION TABLE OF CONTENTS ii iii ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONyMS v OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS vi ABSTRACT viii CHAPTER ONE- INTRODUCTION Background to the Study Problem Statement Justification of the Study Research Questions Objectives Broad objective Specific objectives Delimitation and Limitations Conceptual framework 9 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW ]0 2.1 Introduction Occupational Health and Safety Practices among beauty salon workers Awareness of Occupational Health andsafety Risks Barriers to Occupational Health and Safety Practice Compliance to Occupational Health and Safety Legislation and regulations 16 CHAPTER THREE- MATERIALS AND METHODS Introduction Research Design Variables Independent variables Dependant variables Location of the Study Study Population 21

4 IV 3.6 Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria Sampling Techniques Sample size determination Construction and Research Instruments Pretesting of Research Instruments Data Collection Techniques Data Analysis and Presentation Logistical and Ethical Considerations 24 REFERENCES 25 APPENDICES 30 Appendix A: Questionnaire 3'0 Appendix C: Map of Mukaa Sub-county 37 Appendix C: Budget 38 Appendix D: Work Plan 39

5 v ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome F D Foods Nutrition & Dietetics HIV Human Immune-Deficiency Virus ILO International Labour Organization MSDs Muscular-Skeletal Disorders MSDS Material Safety Data Sheets OHS Occupational Health and Safety VOC Volatile Organic Compounds WHO World Health Organization

6 VI OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS Barber: A person who cuts men's hair and shaves or trims beards as an occupation (Oxford Dictionary 10th Edition). Barbershop means any establ ishment engaged in the practice of barbering for the publ ic (Oxford Dictionary 10th Edition). Beauty salon: any establishment engaged in the practice of hairdressing, barbering, and cosmetology, for the public Compliance with OHS: means complying with the Occupational safety and health Act No. 15 of 2007 and other legislations, regulations or standards regarding occupational health and safety among beauty salon workers. Hairdresser refers to a person who cuts and styles hair (Oxford Dictionary 10th Edition). Hairdressing Salon: means any establishment engaged in the practice of hairdressing, cosmetology, or barbering for the public (Oxford Dictionary 10th Edition). Hairdressing Salon: means any establishment engaged in the practice of hairdressing, cosmetology, or barbering for the public (Oxford Dictionary 10th Edition). Hazard:means any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on something or someone under certain conditions at work. Occupational diseases: means any departure from health occasioned by exposure to any factor or hazard in the workplace (OSH Act No. 15 of 2007) Occupational health: includes protection and promotion of health of the workers by preventing and controlling occupational diseases and accidents as well as eliminating factors hazardous to health and safety at work (WHO 2001). Occupational safety: the science of anticipating, recognizing, evaluating and controlling health hazards in the workplace with the objective to protect worker health and wellbeing and safeguard the community at large (the International occupational hygiene association) Regulatory compliance: refers to obedience by a target population with existing regulations Risk: means the probability of occurrence of an adverse effect from a substance on people or the environment combined with the magnitude of the consequence of that adverse effect; Safety refers to the state of being safe; freedom from the occurrence or risk of inj ury, danger, or loss (Oxford Dictionary 10th Edition). Salon: includes a barbershop, hairdressing salon, beauty salon and any other premises used for the related or like purpose (Tanzanian Public health Act 2009).

7 Vll Workplace:Inc\udes any land, premises, location, vessel or thing at, in, upon or near where an employee is, in the course of employment (OSH Act No. 15 of 2007)

8 Vlll ABSTRACT The beauty industry is one of the most vibrant industries 111 Kenya with most of its activities being done in small scale. It is a source of livelihood for many young people especially those with tertiary level of education and lower. The industry is regulated by common public health and safety laws but there is no specific legislation or regulations addressing health and safety specifically for the beauty industry. Workers in the industry are represented by the Kenya Union of Hair and Beauty Salon Workers (KUHABSWO) which is not popular with practitioners in the rural areas.occupational health and safety is of high concern in the industry given the kind of products and chemicals used and the common procedures which all exposes the workers to health risks for which some are not even aware. This study shall be conducted in Mukaa Sub-county with the main aim of assessing occupational health and safety practices among beauty salon workers. Specifically, the study shall seek to determine the prevalence of self-reported occupational health problems, determine OHS compliance, identify factors influencing OHS practices, and determine the level of awareness on OHS and public health issues among beauty salon workers.!t will be a cross-sectional descriptive study. It will be conducted in Mukaa Sub-county which is a majorly rural area with markets and small urban centres. Multistage sampling technique shall be used to select study subjects. Quantitative data analysis shall be done using SPSS version 19 while Qualitative data shall be analysed by content analysis. Data shall be presented in charts and tables. Chi square and logistic regression shall be used to establish relationships. The study findings shall inform policies in occupational health and safety in the beauty industry. Finally, the study findings and recommendations can be applied across the beauty industry in Mukaa Sub-county and Kenya in general in enhancing the lives of the workers in the beauty industry.

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