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1 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) In Crofton's Irish system, what did it mean to the convict when he got a ticket of leave? 1) A) He was released on conditional liberty under supervision. B) He was shipped overseas. C) He was about to be executed. D) He got a full pardon for all crimes. E) He got a Christmas furlough to go home. 2) Which type of prison system was associated with total isolation of inmates, craft work, and outside cells? A) Pennsylvania B) Virginia C) Michigan D) California E) Auburn 2) 3) The National Prison Congress meeting of 1870 is considered the start of which era in corrections? 3) A) reintegration B) reformatory C) work release D) corporal punishment E) deterrence 4) Alexander Maconochie's "mark systems" is considered an early predecessor of: 4) A) psychotherapy B) the indeterminate sentence C) intensive probation D) boot camp E) solitary confinement 5) Which type of prison system was associated with congregate labor in shops, the rule of silence, and inside cells? A) Australian B) Attica C) Arkansas D) Indiana E) Auburn 5) 6) The Quakers believed that for the convicted offender the key to ending crime lay in: 6) A) banishment B) hard labor C) prevention D) family values E) penance 7) The New York prison warden given credit for developing much of the model of early prison discipline in America: A) Frank Mortimer B) Thomas Mott Osborne C) Donald Clemmer D) Lewis Lawes E) Elam Lynds 8) The organization once known as the Philadelphia Society for Alleviating the Miseries of Public Prisons is still around; today it is known as the: 7) 8)

2 A) Franklin Institute B) National Rifle Association C) Death Penalty Information Center D) Pennsylvania Prison Society E) American Civil Liberties Union 9) The right of sanctuary and benefit of clergy are considered historical antecedents of the modern day practice of: A) community service B) capital punishment C) probation D) house arrest E) work release 10) Charles Loring Brace, founder of the Children's Aid Society in New York City, was associated with this movement: A) child saving B) indentured servitude C) juvenile prohibition D) manifest destiny E) time out 9) 10) 11) The most important effect of the Civil War on prisons in the South was that it: 11) A) improved prison medical care B) required prisoners to work C) brought in wardens from the North D) made former slaves liable for imprisonment E) abolished hard labor in prison 12) By the late 1800s, the basic plan of prison life for most convicts was: 12) A) complete idleness B) penance in isolation C) military service D) hard labor E) therapy and recreation 13) Elizabeth Gurney Fry was best known as an advocate for: 13) A) compensation for crime victims B) separate women's prisons C) work release centers D) training of prison guards E) juvenile training schools 14) John Haviland is important in American corrections history as the: 14) A) criminologist who first advocated parole B) inventor of convict leasing C) president of the National Prison Congress D) designer of the Eastern State Penitentiary E) founder of the juvenile court 15) The origins of probation in America are often traced to the work of this civic reformer in 1840s Boston: 15)

3 A) Horace Greeley B) John Augustus C) Franklin Adams D) George Apley E) Abner Doubleday TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 16) The Eastern State Penitentiary in Philadelphia was considered the model of the Pennsylvania-style prison. 17) The lockstep was a metal device which was attached to the legs of prisoners who tried to escape from the old penitentiaries. 18) One of the principal reasons the Auburn prison model won out over the Pennsylvania model was that the Auburn model was economically more productive. 19) By the end of the 1800s, the penitentiaries used solitary confinement to reward convicts for good behavior. 20) At the National Prison Congress meeting of 1870, prison officials adopted a resolution calling for tougher, larger, more punitive prisons. 21) Parole was first used only with female inmates and then later extended to juveniles and male inmates. 22) In contrast to present-day prison cells, the cells of the Pennsylvania-style prison were larger and opened to a private exercise yard. 23) The term "penitentiary" first referred to the idea of an environment rather than to an existing structure. 24) Probation was used as an informal practice not authorized by law until states began to pass probation statutes in the late 1800s. 25) Southern prisons were generally viewed as being more humane and reform oriented than prisons in other parts of the country. 26) As an institution, the reformatory was intended for a clientele of young male (and a few female) first offenders. 27) The first federal women's prison at Alderson, West Virginia, was physically modeled on the Eastern State Penitentiary in Philadelphia. 16) 17) 18) 19) 20) 21) 22) 23) 24) 25) 26) 27) 28) The system of convict leasing was most prevalent in the West. 28) 29) Women inmates in reformatories were generally trained for factory labor to support themselves after release. 30) Prisoners in Eastern State Penitentiary were held in solitary confinement except for mandatory daily chapel services and frequent group prayer meetings. 29) 30) SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

4 31) Because inmates worked together in the congregate system, prison officials used to prevent contamination. 32) The model of the penitentiary that was considered more reformative was the system. 33) The model of the penitentiary that was considered more economical and efficient was the system. 34) The marks system and the ticket of leave are both associated with the idea of the indeterminate sentence and the present day practice of. 35) The major institutional alternative to the penitentiary that developed later in the 1800s was the. 36) The origin of the term "penitentiary" was in the idea of, or feeling remorseful for your sins or offenses. 37) Captain Elam Lynds made it easy to identify his convicts; he dressed them in suits marked with. 31) 32) 33) 34) 35) 36) 37) 38) The prison official called the father of the Irish system was. 38) 39) The founder of the Elmira reformatory was. 39) 40) Long before the juvenile court was established, the first juvenile facilities known as appeared in larger American cities. 41) Thomas Eddy was well known as a Quaker reformer who opened the first prison in the state of. 42) The prisoners on Norfolk Island were unknowing participants in the history of the modern day practice of. 43) Psalm 51 was known as the because church officials who could recite it were exempted from criminal punishments. 44) The American president who also later served as president of the National Prison Association was. 40) 41) 42) 43) 44) 45) The first separate prison for opened in Indiana in ) 46) Guards in the early New York prisons were well known for carrying and using a punitive device known as the. 47) Mabel Walker Willebrandt was an attorney and prison reformer who was instrumental in the creation of the prison system. 46) 47) 48) The European model of is similar to the suspended sentence. 48) 49) Eliza Farnham was a women's prison matron who was fired after she started a controversial program for her women inmates. 49)

5 50) Dr. Benjamin Rush was particularly associated with reforms in the institution known as the. 50) ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper. 51) Describe how an inmate's life would differ according to his placement in a Pennsylvania-style or Auburn-style penitentiary. 52) What rules of prison discipline were devised to make it easier to control men in confinement? 53) How did Alexander Maconochie and Walter Crofton contribute to the creation of parole? 54) What ideas and practices are associated with the reformatory era in American corrections? 55) Describe the ideal of the late 1700s penitentiary. 56) How did the confinement of women in prison change from the early 1800s to the end of the century? 57) How did imprisonment in the South differ from imprisonment in the North? 58) Why were so many of the penitentiary's supporters also highly religious? 59) What role was probation supposed to play as it developed in the 1800s? 60) What was the purpose of the National Prison Congress of 1870? What goals did it establish?

6 1) A 2) A 3) B 4) B 5) E 6) E 7) E 8) D 9) C 10) A 11) D 12) D 13) B 14) D 15) B 16) TRUE 17) FALSE 18) TRUE 19) FALSE 20) FALSE 21) FALSE 22) TRUE 23) TRUE 24) TRUE 25) FALSE 26) TRUE 27) FALSE 28) FALSE 29) FALSE 30) FALSE 31) silence 32) Pennsylvania 33) Auburn 34) parole 35) reformatory 36) penance 37) stripes 38) Walter Crofton 39) Zebulon Brockway 40) houses of refuge 41) New York 42) parole 43) neck verse 44) Rutherford B. Hayes 45) women 46) cat-'o-nine-tails 47) federal 48) surcease 49) educational 50) Walnut Street Jail 51)

7 52) 53) 54) 55) 56) 57) 58) 59) 60)

John N. Miskell s carousel slide show & script

John N. Miskell s carousel slide show & script A Power Point adaptation of John N. Miskell s 1993-1994 carousel slide show & script All images used in this PowerPoint are from Part 1 carousel of Miskell slide show. Before Independence, crime penalties