Elastomeric Fibers. Most elastomeric fibers stretch over 400% and return back to their original size. Rubber o Natural rubber o Synthetic rubber

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Randolf Hoover
6 years ago
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1 Elastomeric Fibers Most elastomeric fibers stretch over 400% and return back to their original size Rubber o Natural rubber o Synthetic rubber Spandex o Most commonly used elastomer o Elastane - ISO equivalent of spandex Lastol o Sub-group of olefin Elastoester TSC Group Inc. All rights reserved.

2 Elastomeric Fibers Performance Highlights Rubber o o Natural Least expensive Deteriorates Synthetic Damaged by dry cleaning solvents, chlorine bleach, sunlight, perspiration, oil, and ageing Spandex o Consists of segments of polyurethane and a comonomer o Susceptible to heat o Susceptible to chlorine except chlorine resistant variations o Weak o Low abrasion resistance o Highly elastic

4 Elastomeric Fibers Performance Highlights Lastol o Sub-class of olefin o Good resistance to heat, chemicals, and chlorine bleach o Easier to dye than spandex Elastoester o Polyester and polyether segmented copolymer o Stretch and recovery not as high as spandex o Good resistance to wet heat and bleach o Easier to dye than spandex Elasterell-p o Stretches 100%, not 400% o Sub-class of olefin

5 Comfort Stretch Term that describes fabrics with about 10%-15% stretch 2%-5% of spandex or other elastomeric fiber combined with other fibers to add stretch in woven fabrics Fabrics have moderate elasticity

8 Power Stretch Stretch 30%-50% with good recovery Figure-controlling Sportswear and foundation garments o Bare elastomeric yarns - weaker and less expensive o Covered/wrapped elastomeric yarns - stronger

9 End Uses Apparel o Swimwear, leotards, tights, and other close-fitting garments o Socks, undergarments, hosiery, and elasticized waistbands o Stretch jeans, pants, and suits Technical Textiles o Medical applications, support hose, elasticized bandages

10 Care Laundering and dry cleaning requirements vary o Some spandex fibers degrade in chlorine Ironing instructions vary Storage o Rubber - susceptible to ageing o Lastol - good resistance to ageing

12 PLA, Polylactic acid Fiber-forming substance is composed of at least 85% by weight of lactic acid ester units derived from naturally occurring sugars Made from chemicals derived from the sugars in corn and sugarcane Biodegradable Good flame resistance Excellent UV resistance Uses: o Fiberfill and nonwoven applications o Limited uses for apparel and home furnishings o Non-fiber applications, disposable plastic products such as cups for cold beverages

13 Modacrylic Contains less than 85% but at least 35% acrylonitrile plus copolymer Properties vary considerably Heat resistant Excellent shape retention Low strength Low abrasion resistance Good wrinkle resistance Rot resistant Not easily damaged by sunlight Uses: o Faux (artificial) furs o Hair pieces that retain curls created with heated curling irons o Flame resistant blankets o Sun and weather resistant outdoor fabrics

15 Aramid Fibers Polyamides with aromatic units in the polymer o Properties - distinctive from nylon Meta-aramid Very strong Somewhat flexible and dyeable Inherently heat and flame resistant; does not melt at high temperatures Examples - Nomex and Teijinconex Uses: o Firefighter uniforms, protective apparel, seat covers for planes, and electrical insulation

16 Aramid Fibers Para-aramid Very strong fibers; cut resistant and impact resistant Very low flexibility Inherently bright yellow and difficult to dye o Examples - Kevlar and Twaron Uses: o Bullet proof vests and cut resistant fabrics

Metallic Fibers Historically made with fine gold and silver fibers Majority are plastic-coated strands of laminated and slit plastic/foil/plastic sheet Also produced by: o Covering a core yarn with a

17 Metallic Fibers Historically made with fine gold and silver fibers Majority are plastic-coated strands of laminated and slit plastic/foil/plastic sheet Also produced by: o Covering a core yarn with a metal strip o Coating the surface of the yarn with metal vapor o Attaching the metal to the surface of the yarn with resin Some made of fine metallic fibers Uses: o Decoration o Technical textiles Metal filament, woven or knitted to produce "smart" textiles Conduct static charge

First commercially available synthetic fiber. Dominates hosiery, carpet, and activewear industries

Nylon First commercially available synthetic fiber Polyamide, ISO equivalent of nylon Nylon 6 and nylon 6,6 - most commonly used Derived from petroleum products o Limited production of bio-based nylon