History Ch-4 (W.B Answer Key) Pakistan 2. The bricks were laid in an interlocking pattern and that made the walls strong.

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1 History Ch-4 (W.B Answer Key) W.B (pp-42, 43) 1. The site of Harappa is in the present day Pakistan. 2. How were the bricks of ancient settlement used? The bricks were laid in an interlocking pattern and that made the walls strong. 3. The Harappan site was found about 150years ago. 4. Harappa was the first city to be discovered. 5. When did the ancient cities develop? 4700 years ago 6. Into how many parts were these cities generally divided? 2 or more parts 7. The west part was smaller but higher. 8. The east part was larger but lower. 9. What were the walls made up of? Baked bricks 10. The bricks were laid in an interlocking pattern. That made the walls stronger 11. Define citadel. The western part of most cities was smaller but higher, described as citadel by archaeologists 12. Name the important buildings of the citadel. Great Bath, Great Granary 13. The Great Bath would have been used on special occasions. (W.B p- 43) 1. What are fire altars? Sacrifices may have been performed 2. Where have the fire altars been found? Kalibangam, Lothal 3. Name the cities that had elaborate storehouses. Mohenjodaro, Harappa, Lothal 4. Generally, how many storeys did the houses have? One or two storeys high 5. What provisions were made in the houses? Separate bathing area, some even had wells to supply water 6. There were inspection holes to clean the drains. 7. Give reasons: a) Each drain in the city had a slope so that water could flow through it. b) Inspection holes on the drains were provided at intervals to clean the drains W.B (pp-43,44) 1. Town planning was the distinctive feature of Harappa. 2. The rulers sent people to distant lands to get metals, precious stones and other things they wanted. 3. Who were the scribes? People who knew how to write, who helped prepare the seals and perhaps wrote on other materials that have not survived. 4. Define terracotta. A type of fired clay, typically of a brownish-red colour and unglazed, used as an ornamental building material and in modelling. 5. Children played with the teracotta toys. 6. Of what materials were most of the things made in Harappa? Stone,shell and metal including copper, bronze, gold and silver 7. Copper and bronze were used to make tools, weapons and vessels. 8. Gold and silver were used to make ornaments and vessels. 9. Name the most striking finds in Harappa. Beads, weights and blades 10. The Harappan seals were made up of stone. 11. What is Faience? Spindle whorls used to spin thread. 12. Who is a specialist? A person who is trained to do only one kind of work, ex cutting stone

2 W.B (pp 44) 1. Define raw materials. Raw materials are substances that are either found naturally or produced by farmers or herders. 2. List the items that the Harappans bought from the different places. Copper, tin,gold, silver, precious stones 3. Copper was brought from Rajasthan and Oman. 4. How was bronze produced? Tin was mixed with copper to produce bronze 5. Gold came from Karnataka. 6. Precious stones were brought from Gujarat, Iran and Afghanistan. W.B (pp- 45) 1. What did the people in the countryside do? Grew crops and reared animals 2. To whom did the farmers and herders supply food? Craftspersons, scribes and rulers in the cities. 3. Define plough. A tool used to dig the earth for turning the soil and planting seeds 4. Where was fresh water and fertile soil available? In the city of Dholavira, located on Khadir Beyt in the Rann of Kutchch 5. What crops were grown by Harappans? Wheat, barley, pulses, peas, rice, seasame,linseed and mustard 6. Do you think that the farmers and herders who supplied food to the Harappan cities was different from that of the farmers and herders you read about in Ch-3. Give reasons for your answer. (NCERT) : (1) Harappans grew wheat, barley, pulses, peas, rice, sesame, linseed and mustard. A new tool called plough was used to dig earth for turning the soil and planting seeds. Due to little rainfall, a method of irrigation was probably used. (ii) The Harappan reared cattle, sheep, goat and buffalo. Water and pastures were present around many sites. People collected fruits like ber, caught. fish and hunted wild animals. 7. Name the animals reared by the Harappans. Cattle, sheep, goat,buffalo (W.B pp- 45,46) 1. Where was the city of Dholavira located? Khadir Beyt in the Rann of Kutchch 2. Name an important centre for making objects out of stone, shell and metal. Lothal 3. What were the seals used for? Stamp bags or packets that contained goods that were sent from one place to another 4. What was the advantage of sealing? If the sealing was intact, one could be sure that the goods have arrived safely 5. Define pyramids. Huge tombs in Egypt 6. What were the preserved bodies in Egypt called? Mummies 7. Objects were buried along with the dead in Egypt because they believed in life after death. (W.B- pp- 46, 47) 1. Multiple choice questions: a) In India the first developed cities were found in the valley of Indus b) The city Chanhudaro was in Sindh. c) The other name for the citadel was Upper town.

3 d) Mohenjodaro, Harappa and Lothal had elaborate Storehouses. e) Carnelian was used to make beads. F) Cotton was grown in Mehrgarh. g) Harappans got copper from Oman. h) Unlike Harappa, Dholavira was divided into 3. i) The city of Lothal stood beside a tributary of _Sabarmati. Fill in the blanks 1. Great Bath was probably used for ritual bathing and religious functions. 2. The bricks were laid in an interlocking pattern to make the wall strong. 3. Faience was used to make bangles, earings and tiny vessels. 4. A dockyard at Lothal indicates international trade. 5. Some historians feel that a final blow to the Harappan civilization was given by the flood. 6. Egypt is known in the world history for elaborate tombs called _pyramids. True/False 1. The site of Harappa is in the present day India. F 2. Citadel was the upper town. T 3. The bricks used for construction was baked but were of uneven size. F 4. The lower town had important buildings like granary and houses of ruling class. F 5. Farming was the main occupation of the people of Harappa. F 6. Most striking finds in Harappa include tools and weapons. F 7. Spindle whorls were used to spin thread. T 8. People of IVC believed in life after death. T (W.B pp47,48) I. Match the following: 1. Afganisthan d a) Great Bath 2. Gujarat e b) Rann of Kutch 3. Kalibangam f c) Dry desert 4. Mohenjodaro a d) Precious stone 5. Khadir Beyt b e) Lothal 6. Egypt c f) Fire altar II. Match the following: 1. Copper a) Gujarat 2. Gold b) Afghanistan 3. Tin c) Rajasthan 4. Precious stones d) Karnataka III. Very short answer: 1. What unique objects have been found by the archaeologists from the early cities? Red pottery painted with designs in black, stone weights, seals special beads, copper tools, long stone blades 2. What was the special tank constructed at Mohenjodaro called? Great Bath 3. What provisions of cleaning the drains was followed? (Written earlier) 4. What were the features of the Harappan seals? Ans: a) The most interesting part of the discovery relates to the seals-more than 2000 in number, made of soapstone, terracotta and copper. b) The seals give us useful information about the civilization of Indus valley.

4 c) Some seals have human or animal figures on them. d) Most of the seals have the figures of real animals while a few bear the figure of mythical animals. e) The seals are rectangular, circular or even cylindrical in shape. f) The seals even have an inscription of a sort of pictorial writing. g) Most of the seals have a knob at the back through which runs a hole. h) It is said that these seals were used by different associations or merchants for stamping purposes. i) They were also worn round the neck or the arm. j) The seals show the culture and civilization of the Indus Valley people. k) In particular, they indicate: i) Dresses, ornaments, hair-styles of people. ii)skill of artists and sculptors. iii)trade contacts and commercial relations. iv) Religious beliefs. v) Script. 5. What evidences prove that Harappans were expert craftspersons? Ans: a) Harappan objects were made of stone, shell and metal. a. Copper and bronze were used to make tools, weapons, ornaments and vessels. b. Gold and silver were used to make ornaments and vessels. c. Harappans also made stone seals. d. They made pots with beautiful black designs. Short Answers 1. State the main features of Great Bath. Ans: The Great Bath was lined with bricks, Coated with plaster, and made water tight with natural tar. 2. How were the crops grown by the Harappans? Ans: By the use of the plough 3. How do the archaeologists know that cloth was used in the Harappan Civilization? Ans: a) Actual pieces of cloth have been found in Mohenjodaro, attached to the lid of a silver vase and some copper objects. e. Spindle whorls have also been discovered, which were used to spin thread. f. This indicates cloth was used in the Harappan civilisation. 4. Discuss 2 special features of early cities in Harappa and Mohenjodaro. Ans: The citadel, the Great Bath, the drains in the houses, walls built with burnt bricks

5 5. What factors show that Lothal was an importanr production centre of the Harappan Civilization. : Ans: a) Lothal was a city on the banks of a tributary of the Sabarmati. b) It was an important centre for making stone, shell and metal objects. c) There was a store house in the city. Fire altars have been found here. 6. What were the important crafts of the Harappan people? Ans: a) Harappan objects were made of stone, shell and metal. b) Copper and bronze were used to make tools, weapons, ornaments and vessels. c) Gold and silver were used to make ornaments and vessels. d) Harappans also made stone seals. e) They made pots with beautiful black designs. Picture based task: a) Who could be the person shown in the statue? Mohenjodaro priest King b) Name the material used to make this statue. Soft stone like steatite c) Where has this statue been found? Mohenjodaro d) Describe the features of the statue. This statue of a seated man wearing a cloak and head band was carved from a soft stone called steatite. It is often called Priest King because some scholars believe it may represent someone with religious and secular authority but the true identity and status of the person are unknown.

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