AP Art History Presentation. By: Emmarie Moran

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1 AP Art History Presentation By: Emmarie Moran

2 Required Works: Chavin de Huantar Plan Lanzon Stela Relief Sculpture Nose Ornament Yaxchilan Structure 40 Lintel 25 Structure 33 Mesa Verde Cliff Dwellings

3 Chavin Culture

4 Chavin de Huantar:

5 Geography: Elevation of 10,330 feet Located in the Andean highlands of Peru In between the Eastern and Western ranges of the Andes Near two large rivers Huachesca Mosna

6 Time Period: B.C.E. Decline began in 200 B.C.E. Predates the Incas by almost 2000 years

7 Chavin de Huantar Plan:

8 Artist: Medium: Early Peruvians Stone Before European colonization

9 Subject: A temple Style: Chavin Architecture Later turned into a religious place Architectural plan

10 Why was it made? The plan For an idea Idea of end result Chavin de Huantar Pilgrimage site Trade site

11 Historical Context: Thought to be the birthplace of a culture Later found out that it was just the base Artistic style spread through the coast by portable objects Transported different places

12 Specific Notes: Found in Peru Northern Highlands Having two rivers together had a meaning Spiritually powerful phenomenon

13 Lanzon Stela:

14 Artist: Medium: Early Peruvians Granite Before European colonization

15 Subject: Stone monument Style: Chavin Architecture Over fifteen feet tall Wedge-Shaped

16 Why was it made?: It was made to represent a god The temple where it is found was for that god It was made to worship a god that helped them with their harvest

17 Historical Context: Spanish meaning of name references with the shape of the stone The shape indicates that the deity ensured successful harvest and planting It depicts a figure with large eyes

18 Specific Notes: Lanzon means Great Spear in Spanish It was found deep within the Old Temple The depiction of the stone shows both human and animal features

19 Relief Sculpture:

20 Artist: Medium: Early Peruvians Granite Before European colonization

21 Subject: Stone Sculpture Style: Chavin Architecture Shares the same style as the Lazon

22 Why was it made?: It was made to be a relief sculpture Made for their gods Seems very alike to the Lazon Stela Made for religious purposes

23 Historical Context: The depiction of the sculpture shows that it could either be repetitive or it could be more than one deity It has snakes, claws, and large eyes that look up

24 Specific Notes: The person in it has fangs of sorts It could be a half human half animal beings Has the same style as the nose ornament and the Lanzon

25 Nose Ornament:

26 Artist: Early Peruvians Before European colonization Medium: Hammered Gold Alloy

27 Subject: Nose ornament Style: Chavin Jewelry Has upward looking eyes 2.3 centimeters high

28 Why was it made?: It was made to show status and allegiance It was made to match with the Lanzon

29 Historical Context: Would have been worn by a person of high status to show wealth, power, and allegiance to Chavin religion Metallurgy in the Americas started in South America then travelled

30 Specific Notes: Serpent motif from the Lanzon is also seen in this ornament Everything about it matches with something on the Lanzon It either pinches or passes through the septum

31 Indigenous American Culture

32 Mesa Verde:

33 Geography: Very fertile area Had water and good soil for crops In the cliff faces of the Four Corners region You pass through a plateau

34 Time Period: C.E C.E. more buildings were built

35 Mesa Verde Cliff Dwellings:

36 Artist: Ancestral Puebloans Sandstone Medium: Anasazi

37 Subject: Buildings Households Very large with no roofs Style: Indigenous American Architecture In high places

38 Why was it made?: It was made to house people and to store things Residential and storage Had some rooms for religious purposes For people to reside in but still be close to their crops

39 Historical Context: The Ancestral Puebloans accessed all the places using ladders The area might have been picked because of good resources The height may have been for protection

40 Specific Notes: Found in Colorado Montezuma County It is well protected from the elements Mesa means Table in Spanish Verde means Green in Spanish

41 Mesoamerican & Central American Culture

42 Yaxchilan:

43 Geography: Found on the south bank of the Usumacinta River Found in Chiapas, Mexico

44 Time Period: 725 C.E. Significant Maya center during the Classical Period C.E.

45 Structure 40:

46 Artist: Bird Jaguar Limestone Medium: Early Mesoamericans Mayans

47 Subject: Temple like structure Made of individual stones Style: Mesoamerican and Central American Architecture

48 Why was it made?: It was made to be a sort of art room It has the remnants of many murals all over its interior walls

49 Historical Context: Had to be renovated Has three doorways leading into a single room Includes the remains of a perforated comb roof

50 Specific Notes: Found in Chiapas, Mexico Has two stelae in front of it Stela 12 & 13 Stela 11 once between them

51 Lintel 25:

52 Artist: Bird Jaguar Commissioned by Bird Jaguar IV Limestone Medium: Mayans Early Mesoamericans

53 Subject: Slab of limestone Has many intricate designs Style: Mesoamerican / Central American Sculpture

54 Why was it made?: It was made to be put above the doorway It depicts a series of rituals performed Made for religious purposes

55 Historical Context: Bird Jaguar had major structures rebuilt or redesigned during his reign On permanent display in the British Museum s Mexican Display

56 Specific Notes: The ritual in the tablet was performed by Shield Jaguar II and his wife The ritual tablets have captives in them Lintels 24 & 25 were both removed at the end of the 19th century

57 Structure 33:

58 Artist: Bird Jaguar Limestone Medium: Early Mesoamericans Mayans

59 Subject: Temple like structure Has a very large roof and windows Style: Mesoamerican and Central American Architecture

60 Why was it made?: It was made to preserve and protect important artifacts Lintels 1, 2, & 3 May have been used to watch over a specific area

61 Historical Context: It overlooks the plaza and the river where there would have been a lot of business in the 8th century In the back of the structure there is a headless sculpture of a human

62 Specific Notes: Has three separate doors Each one leads to a well preserved lintel The roof is extremely well preserved

63 Bibliography: "Khan Academy." Khan Academy. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Jan < "Khan Academy." Khan Academy. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Jan <

64 Bibliography (Cont.): N.p., n.d. Web. < %C3%ADn_de_Huantar>. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 10 Jan < en.wikipedia.org/wiki/yaxchilan>.

Indigenous America. By Sam, Drew, Michael, Teddy, Chris, and Sean

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