School and Teacher Programs Teacher Professional Development Workshop Mesopotamia to the Mediterranean December 12, 2012

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1 School and Teacher Programs Teacher Professional Development Workshop Mesopotamia to the Mediterranean December 12, 2012 Mesopotamia to the Mediterranean I. Timeline of the Ancient World A. c BCE BCE 1.Africa a. Egypt i. Prehistoric: before 3100 BCE 1. Beginning of the Egyptian Kingdom 2. Creation of pottery, tools, everyday objects a. Bowl with hippopotami, Naqada I, BCE, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Beginning of hieroglyphics ii. Archaic: BCE 1. Creation of masks, figures, furniture a. Face from a composite statue, Dynasty I, BCE, wood, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Using more materials to show wealth a. Vessel with lid, Dynasty II, reign of Khasekhemwy, BCE, dolomite, gold, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Continuing with previous traditions a. Cylindrical jar, Dynasties 2-3, c BCE, travertine, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, iii. Old Kingdom: BCE 1.Beginning of Golden Age of Pyramid Construction a. Pyramid of Khafre at Giza, Dynasty IV, reign of Khafre, BCE, photograph, Harvard University- Museum of Fine Arts Expedition Photograph 2. Beginning of mummification a. Bust of Prince Ankhaf, Dynasty IV, reign of Khafre, BCE, painted limestone, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, b. King Menkaure and Queen, Dynasty IV, reign of Menkaure, BCE,

2 greywacke, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Increase in decoration, statues, number of rooms, and temple use a. Pseudo- group statue of Penmeru, Dynasty V, BCE, limestone, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, b. False door of Redines, Dynasty V, BCE, limestone, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, a- c 4. Moving toward decentralization of government a. Body covering, Dynasty VI, BCE, plaster, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, b. Funerary furniture of Impy, Dynasty VI, reign of Pepy II, BCE. Copper, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, a, , , , iv.. First Intermediate Period: BCE 1. Development of Osiris a. Stela of the Nubian soldier Nenu, Dynasty IX to early Dynasty XI, about BCE, painted limestone, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, v. Middle Kingdom: BCE 1. Enhancement of the Mummy a. Mummy mask, Dynasty XI to early Dynasty XII, BCE, cartonnage b. Outer coffin of Djehutynakht, Late Dynasty XI or early Dynasty XII, BCE, painted cedar, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Large sculptures used for the Ka a. Statue of Lady Sennuwy, Dynasty XII, reign of Senwosret I, BCE, granodiorite, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, b. Statue of an anonymous official, Dynasty XIII, BCE, granodiorite, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, vi. Second Intermediate Period: BCE

3 2. Near East 1. Higher level of detail in works a. Rishi coffin, Dynasty XVII, about BCE, painted sycamore, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, a- b vii. New Kingdom(Empire Period): BCE 1. Creation of the Book of the Dead 2. Queen Hatshepsut ruled a. Sarcophagus of Queen Hatshepsut recut for her father, Thutmose I, Dynasty XVIII, reign of Hatshepsut, BCE, painted quartzite, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, b. Detail of north wall of burial chamber of Sobekmose, Dynasty XVIII, reign of Amenhotep III, BCE, sandstone, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, a. Mesopotamia i. Chalcolithic Period: BCE 1. Development of baked bricks, monumental architecture, temples, city walls, lost- wax casting, cities, villages, seals, materials a. Susa A bowl, c BCE, Roaf, Michael. Cultural Atlas of Mesopotamia and the Ancient Near East. New York: File on Fire, 1990 ii. Early Bronze Age: BCE 1. Development of cuneiform script and city states a. Stone statue from Khafajeh, c BCE, Roaf, Michael. Cultural Atlas of Mesopotamia and the Ancient Near East. New York: File on Fire, Dynasty of Ur a. Ziggurat of Ur, Third Dynasty BCE iii. Middle Bronze Age: BCE 1. Early alphabet 2. Egyptian influence a. Faience mask from Tell al- Rimah, c BCE, Roaf, Michael. Cultural Atlas of Mesopotamia and the Ancient Near East. New York: File on Fire, 1990

4 iv.. Late Bronze Age: BCE 1. Creation of glazed pottery a. Horse head on a relief from Dur- Sharrukin, c. 710 BCE, Roaf, Michael. Cultural Atlas of Mesopotamia and the Ancient Near East. New York: File on Fire, 1990 v. Iron Age: BCE 1.Coins, brass, Aramaic, cavalry a. Stele from Neirab near Aleppo, c. 600 BCE, Roaf, Michael. Cultural Atlas of Mesopotamia and the Ancient Near East. New York: File on Fire, Europe/Mediterranean a. Crete/Greece i. Neolithic: BCE 1. Evidence of food producing, hut construction, and some trade on the mainland ii. Early Bronze: BCE 1. Beginning of Minoan Civilization a. Palace at Knossos, Crete b. Bull Leaping Fresco, Palace at Knossos, Crete iii. Middle Bronze: BCE 1. Beginning of Mycenaean Civilization a. pottery, frescoes, figures and figurines b. Grave Circle A iv. Late Bronze: BCE 1. End of Minoan Civilization a. form of writing i. Linear A ii. Linear B 2. End of Mycenaean Civilization a. The Lion Gate, c BCE, Mycenae, limestone b. Mask of Agamemnon, c BCE, Mycenae, gold, National Archeological Museum of Athens b. Italy i. Neolithic: BCE 1.Early cultural evidence

5 B. c BCE- 500 AD 1. Africa a. Egypt i. New Kingdom(Empire Period): BCE 1. Reign of King Tutankhamen a. Head of King Tutankhamen, Dynasty XVIII, reign of Tutankhamen, BCE, sandstone, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, ii. Late Period(Post- Empire Period): BCE 1. Greco- Roman influence a. Pendant on a chain, Dynasties XXI- XXIV, BCE, gold with glass inlays, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, b. Statue of Khonsuiraa, Dynasty XXV, c BCE, black stone, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, High advancement of Mummy case and mummification a. Mummy case with mummy of Tabes, Dynasty XXII, BCE, cartonnage with human remains, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, c iii. Ptolemaic Period: BCE 1. Alexander the Great founds Alexandria, leaves general Ptolemy in charge a. Detail of gateway of Ptolemy VIII, Ptolemaic Dynasty, reign of Ptolemy VIII, BCE, painted sandstone, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Near East a. Mesopotamia i. Iron Age: c BCE 1.Persian Rule a. Head of blue paste from Persepolis, c. 450 BCE, Roaf, Michael. Cultural Atlas of Mesopotamia and the Ancient Near East. New York: File on Fire, Europe/Mediterranean a. Greece

6 i. Iron Age: BCE 1. Also known as the Greek Dark Ages, not a lot of artistic development but the use of Iron was prevalent ii. Geometric: BCE 1. Development of Greek city- states 2. Cultural revival of epic poetry and visual arts a. Deer and fawn, Greek, Geometric period, 8 th century BCE, bronze, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, b. Two- handled jar (amphora), Attributed to the Birdseed Painter, Greek, Late Geometric period, BCE, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, iii. Archaic: BCE 1. Transition from geometric patterning to more naturalistic depictions of figures, influence of Egypt and Near East a. Funerary monument (stele) with an athlete, Greek, Archaic period, c. 550 BCE, marble, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, b. Water jar (hydria) with the chariot of Achilles dragging the corpse of Hektor, Attributed to the Antiope Group, Greek, Archaic period, c BCE, ceramic, black- figure technique, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, iv.. Classical: BCE 1. Further increase in naturalism of the human form, emphasis on marble a. Mixing bowl (krater) with scenes from the fall of Troy, Attributed to the Altamura Painter, Greek, Early Classical period, c , ceramic, red- figure technique, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, b. Three- sided relief with Aphrodite, Eros, and Demeter, Greek, Classical period, c , marble, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Rise in Athens as superpower of Greece

7 a. Acropolis, Athens, 5 th century BCE v. Hellenistic: BCE 1. Alexander the Great conquered most of the known world, death of Alexander is beginning of Hellenistic 2. The most advanced naturalism techniques thus far of the Ancient Greek world a. Eros wearing the lion skin of Herakles, East Greek, Hellenistic period, late 1 st century BCE, terracotta, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, b. Aphrodite ( The Bartlett Head ), Greek, Late Classical/Early Hellenistic period, c BCE, marble, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, b. Italy (Etruscans) i. Copper and Bronze Age: BCE 1. Increasing rise of metal work, burial practices, use of copper and bronze increased in Po River Valley ii. Iron Age: BCE 1. Heavy use of iron in products iii. Villanovan Culture: BCE 1. Rise in urban development, burial planning, manufacturing of bronze and iron 2. Beginning of Etruscan civilization a. Biconical urn, Villanovan, c. 9 th century BCE, blended ceramic, Vatican Museum iv.. Orientalizing Period: BCE 1. Emphasis on the creation of pottery, influenced by the Greeks a. Globular cup with two handles, late 6 th century BCE, Etruscan, terracotta, Metropolitan Museum of Art v. Archaic Period: BCE 1. Development of jewelry production a. Earrings, Etruscans, Archaic period, c. 6 th century BCE, gold, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Creation of Bucchero style of pottery

8 Teacher Professional Development Workshop a. Vase in shape of a cock, late 7 th century BCE, Etruscan, terracotta, Metropolitan Museum of Art 3. Construction of Theater in Syracuse vi. Classical Period: BCE 1. Influence of the Greeks brings emphasis on naturalism and idealism a. Plaques (pinakes) with musicians, Etruscan, Late Archaic/ Early Classical period, c. 470 BCE, painted terracotta, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, , b. Fish plate, Close to the style of the D Agostino Painter, South Italian, Late Classical period, c BCE, ceramic, red- figure technique, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Temple of Veii constructed vii. Hellenistic Period: BCE 1. Highly naturalized and idealized figures, following the Greek influence a. African youth, Greek or Roman, Hellenistic or Imperial period, 1 st century BCE- 1 st century AD, black steatite, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston,

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