CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION 1.1 What are value added products from beekeeping? 1.2 The purpose of this bulletin 1.3 How to use this bulletin

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1 CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION 1.1 What are value added products from beekeeping? 1.2 The purpose of this bulletin 1.3 How to use this bulletin CHAPTER 2 HONEY 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Physical characteristics of honey 2.3 The composition of honey 2.4 The physiological effects of honey Unconfirmed circumstantial evidence Scientific evidence 2.5 The uses of honey today As a food As a food ingredient As an ingredient in medicine-like products Products of honey fermentation Others 2.6 Honey harvesting and processing Colony management Uni floral honeys Contamination during production Contamination during harvesting Cleanliness Processing Purification Moisture content Prevention of fermentation Heating Packaging 2.7 Storage 2.8 Quality control 2.9 Caution 2.10 Market outlook 2.11 Honey from other bees 2.12 Recipes Liquid honey Creamed honey Comb honey Mead Honey beer Honey liqueurs Honey spreads Honey with fruits and nuts Honey with pollen and propolis Honey paste for dressing wounds Sugar substitution Fruit marmalade Honey jelly Syrups Rose honey Caramels Nougat and torrone Honey gums Gingerbread Marzipan

2 Honey in bakery products CHAPTER 3 - POLLEN 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Physical characteristics of pollen 3.3 The composition of pollen 3.4 The physiological effects of pollen Unconfirmed circumstantial evidence Scientific evidence 3.5 The uses of pollen today As medicine As food In cosmetics For pollination For pollution monitoring 3.6 Pollen collection 3.7 Pollen buying 3.8 Storage 3.9 Quality control 3.10 Caution 3.11 Market outlook 3.12 Recipes Pollen extract Beebread (after Dany,1988) Honey with pollen Granola or breakfast cereals Candy bars Pollen supplements and substitutes in beekeeping Cosmetics Pills and capsules CHAPTER 4 - WAX 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Physical characteristics of bees wax 4.3 The composition of beeswax 4.4 The physiological effects of wax 4.5 The uses of wax today In beekeeping For candle making For metal castings and modelling In cosmetics Food processing Industrial technology Textiles Varnishes and polishes Printing Medicine Others 4.6 Wax collection and processing 4.7 Buying 4.8 Storage 4.9 Quality control 4.10 Market outlook 4.11 Recipes Bleached wax Candle making Cosmetics

3 Grafting wax for horticulture Polishes and varnishes Crayons Leather preserves Waterproofing textiles and paper Paint Wood preservative Swarm lure Topical ointment for burns Veterinary wound cream Adhesive Determination of saponification cloud point CHAPTER 5 - PROPOLIS 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Physical characteristics of propolis 5.3 The composition of propolis 5.4 The physiological effects of propolis Unconfirmed circumstantial evidence Scientific evidence 5.5 The uses of propolis today In cosmetics In medicine Traditional use Food technology Others 5.6 Formulations and application methods for human and animal use Raw Liquid extracts Additives Injection 5.7 Extraction methods 5.8 Collection 5.9 Buying 5.10 Storage 5.11 Quality control 5.12 Market outlook 5.13 Caution 5.14 Patents including propolis 5.15 Information sources 5.16 Recipes Ointments Oral and nasal sprays Suntan lotions Propolis syrups or honeys Propolis tablets Propolis shampoo Anti-dandruff lotion Propolis toothpaste Anaesthetic propolis paste Creams Facial masks Micro-encapsulation Quality tests for antioxidant activity CHAPTER 6 - ROYAL JELLY 6.1 Introduction

4 6.2 Physical characteristics of royal jelly 6.3 The composition of royal jelly 6.4 The physiological effects of royal jelly On honeybees Unconfirmed circumstantial evidence Scientific evidence 6.5 Uses and marketing of royal jelly Dietary supplement As ingredient in food products As ingredient in medicine-like products Ingredient in cosmetics Others 6.6 Royal jelly collection 6.7 Storage 6.8 Quality control 6.9 Caution 6.10 Market outlook 6.11 Recipes Freeze-dried royal ielly Honey with royal jelly Yoghurt with royal jelly Jellies and soft caramels Liquid preparations Dried juice concentrate Tablets Capsules Cosmetics CHAPTER 7 VENOM 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Physical characteristics of venom 7.3 The composition of venom 7.4 The physiological effects of venom Unconfirmed circumstantial evidence Scientific evidence 7.5 The use of venom today 7.6 Venom collection 7.7 Venom products 7.8 Buying 7.9 Storage 7.10 Quality control 7.11 Caution 7.12 Market outlook 7.13 Recipes CHAPTER 8 - ADULT AND LARVAL HONEYBEES 8.1 Introduction 8.2 The chemical composition of adult and larval honeybees 8.3 The uses of adult bees and larvae For beekeeping For pollination As food As medicine In cosmetics 8.4 Collection Adult bees Honeybee larvae 8.5 Buying

5 8.6 Storage 8.7 Quality control 8.8 Caution 8.9 Market outlook 8.10 Recipes Preparation of mature and immature bees for human consumption Traditional recipe from Nepal Frozen larvae pupae or adults Raw fried and boiled larvae Dried larvae and adults Basic general recipes Bee mango chutney Bee chapattis Pastry Popmoth Bee sweets and chocolate coated bees How to raise and harvest wax moth larvae CHAPTER 9a COSMETICS 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Description of product types Lotions Ointments Creams Shampoos Soaps Toothpastes and mouth rinses Deodorants Facial masks Make-up Lipsticks Perfumes 9.3 The sources of ingredients Local Imported 9.4 Technical requirements Raw materials Equipment Emulsions Mixing Colouring 9.5 Advantages and applications of primary bee products in cosmetics 9.6 Buying 9.7 Storage 9.8 Quality control 9.9 Packaging and presentation 9.10 Marketing 9.11 Caution 9.12 Market outlook CHAPTER 9b COSMETICS 9.13 Recipes Lotions Ointments Creams Sun protection

6 Shampoos Solid soaps Liquid soaps Toothpaste and mouth rinses Deodorants Face packs Honey face pack Make-up Lipsticks and glosses Depilatory waxes Shaving preparations

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