: What background research can you find on your

Name: Suphanat Isarangkoon Na Ayutthaya (Soup) Group: Napachol Parichatkul (JobJab), Samuel-Hiromitsu Kawanno, Suphanat Isarangkoon Na Ayutthaya (Soup) MYPSCIENCE LAB: Lab Report Inquiring and Designing Research Question : How is y dependent on x? How is the rate of cleanliness of the cloths after being washed dependent on the brands of detergent (Attack, Big C, Nuts about Soap )? Background Research RQ? : What background research can you find on your Attack: General Fact (Commercial Facts): Attack, trademark of Kao s (from its packgage), is a very strong detergent or cloth soap. It can wound people with a weak and reactive skin. Main Chemical Added(Ingredients or Chemical Recipe) Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate, Sodium Salt 1.40 W/W It s used as an intermediate or the molecule that join other two or more molecules together of the molecules of surfactant. It s used in laundry detergent commercially. It is biodegradable, or can be degraded biologically in nature. Sodium Salt is probably molecules of NaOCl. NaOCl is a bleaching chemical that reacts with water, as it is unstable, it can easily reacts with water to produce table salt (sodium chloride) and water. Surfactants They are substances that reduce surface intention or interfacial intension between liquids and liquids or solids They play a role as emulsifiers. Emulsifiers helps bond fat or oily particles to the the molecules of water. When the water molecules flowed through, with the help of emulsifiers, they will take with them fat or oily particles. This makes them good for the detergent-producing industry as they help takin out strain that is made up of fat and/or oily molecules or particles. Types of Strains that Works the Best: The oily strains, and/or containing a lot of fat or oily particles and/or molecules. The strains having or containing hard-to-wash colour or pigments that are both natural-found pigments, and artificially synthesized pigments Summary: Attack contains Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate which is an intermediate between Surfactants which helps reduces liquid surface tension and behaves like Page 1 of 10

emulsifiers. Also, with NaOCl in Attack, it helps bleach the clothes. So the stain, especially the one that contains fat or oily molecules, can get out with a surfactants and the colour or pigments on the stain left will be bleached out with NaOCl. They all are eco-friendly substance. So after use, Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate will be degraded biologically in natural environment. In contrast, NaOCl will be degraded chemically by reacting with water after bleaching and becomes table salt (sodium chloride) and water. Nuts about Soap : General Fact (Commercial Facts): 3 Litre bag in a Box is sufficient to wash 60 average loads of laundry. This represents a very competitive price at little under 15 pence per wash. Chemical liquid detergents on average are a much higher cost per wash.. Deliciously perfumed with pure essential oils, it will leave a delicate exotic smell on the clothes The Bag in a Box concept is unique in Europe for the laundry although well established and proven in the USA. The tap dispenser makes the liquid easy to use without heavy lifting and avoiding accidental spillage. It is stored easily on any shelf being very stable and strong.our product range includes the following Main Chemical Added(Ingredients or Chemical Recipe): Drupes, Sapindi (Sapindus), Soapnuts Berries Natural pulp used for laundry washing. Containing Natural Enzyme Saponin Saponin Foamy Help in organs digestion (So, it may help digest pulp of the tomato sauce) Poisoned for some organisms but humans. Glucose-composing substance Contains sets of molecules of hydrophilic head (likes water), and hydrophobiaic head (likes fat). Types of Strains that Works the Best: The oily strains, and/or containing a lot of fat or oily particles and/or molecules. The stains that contain pulps Summary: Nuts about Soap contains Saponin which is a foamy sugar-compounding substances, that have an ability to digest the pulp. That might makes them get out to the water. Also, it contains two sets of molecules that ones likes water and the others likes fat. So, it is also an emulsifier which has an ability to bond the water and the fat and let the water pull out the fat particles. Big C : General Fact (Commercial Facts): Big C, trademark of Big C s, is a cheap, low-quality liquid detergent sold in a low price. Big C didn t make the detergent itself but hired the external company to make it. Main Chemical Added(Ingredients or Chemical Recipe) Cannot be found Types of Strains that Works the Best: Simple Normal Stains Page 2 of 10

Stain with out much large particles or pigments either natural or synthesized by the manufacturer Summary: Big C is a trademark of Big C s. It s a cheap liquid detergent sold in a low price. Big C didn t make the detergent itself but hired the external company to make it. As it is lowly priced, it can clean simple normal stain, and/or the stain without much large particles or pigments either natural or synthesized by the manufacturer Science Topic Research : How might science or the Scientific Method help answer your RQ? Science or the Scientific Methods might help answer my research question as Science let me criticise on the topic, and start organising ideas of how to research. Then, the Science Method let me come up with different kind of detergents (independent variables) to test on how they might affect the cleanliness of the clothes I will be washing (dependent variables) under the same conditions (constant variables). Personal Engagement : What is cool about your RQ? It is cool about my research question because at the end of the experiment, I will know whether paying more will get better-quality products or not. Also, we believed that most of the organic or eco-friendly products but fertilisers are pour in quality. This experiment will answer whether the long-believed belief is correct or not. : Why are you interested in this topic? I am interested in this topic that the detergents that are marketed today are worth the price or not, and I just want to know which detergent works the best. So, I will tell my mom and my auntie to buy the products that worth the money the best, or may be the best detergents. Inquiring and Designing x - Independent (what will I change?) y - Dependent (what will I measure?) Variables Type of Soap Rate of Cleanliness after Being Washed (Colour Scale) Manipulation We will use three different type or brand of soap, the chemical detergent, Attack and Big C, and Nuts about Soap, which is made of Sapindus. We will be testing how much stains left after watching with three different brands of detergent. Page 3 of 10

Controlled (what will I keep the same?) **need 5 ** The time used to clean the soap, concentration of the soap in water (ml of Soap/ ml. of Water), Amount of Stains, Size of Cloths, Colour of the Strains, Type of the Strains Controlled Variables Time Detergent Stains Cloths Water Concentration Wasing Spoon Manipulations We need to spin the cloths in the beakers using the same amount of time for each beaker containing different brands of detergents. Time to leave the stain on the table are to be the same. So, we must put the three cloths into the three beakers containing different brands of detergents dissolving in water at the same time Detergents are to be the same amount in each beaker by measuring it with a scale labeled at the sides of the droppers So, the concentration will be the same. The stains need to be the same type, volume, and colour. We chose to put 5 ml of Rosa Red Tomato Sause, dividedly into three parts, onto each cloth by using our eyes. Also, when we are putting tomato sauce on the cloths, we need to try to make exact circles of the tomato sauce on the cloth, in the middle of the cloth, again using our eyes. The cloths need to be the same size, and colour. We will be using 10 cm. by 10 cm. piece of cotton cloths that is exactly absolutely white. The cloths will be provided by the science department. The water needs to be purified water. Each beakers will contain 350 ml of water in order to keep the concentration of detergents to the water to be the same for every beakers within a trial for all trials in this experiment The concentration of the detergents to the water needs to be the same for every beaker within each trial for the whole experiment. The ratio of concentration of the detergents to the water is 325 ml : 3 ml, 325 : 3 ml, or 316 2/3 : 1 ml. The speed of spinning the spoon around the beaker must be the same for each beaker. The spin of all the beakers need to use the same amount of time, which can be set using a stopwatch. The spoons used to stir the liquid are to be made up of the same materials, size, and shape. We can find three spoons that are actually identical in materials, sizes, and shapes. The spoon used to measure the amount of tomato sauce to be put on the cloths needs to measure exactly 5 ml of tomato sauce. Hypothesis Null IF We are to test which soap, Nuts about Soap, Attack, Big C, has the highs rate of Page 4 of 10

stains removal THEN they will all have the same rate of stains removal BECAUSE they are all soaps, or detergents. So, it must be the same that they all have the same rate of stains removal. Alternating IF We are to test which soap, Nuts about Soap, Attack, Big C, has the highs rate of stains removal THEN Attack will have the same rate of satins removal BECAUSE Attack costs the highst that may be because the material that are used to make Attack may be the best. So, the materials that are used to make Attack may cost higher than the ones that are used to make the other two detergents. Also, not only it costs higher than the other two, from my research, Attack has the ability to remove stain as it contains Surfactants that help attach the fat particles from the tomato sauce. So, the water will wash Materials : What do I need? 30 White Cloths 50 ml Tomato Sause 3 500 ml Beaker 1,500 ml Pure Water 30 ml Attack 30 ml Big C 30 ml Nuts about Soap 3 50 ml Glass Beaker 3 Spinning Spoon 3 Plastic Dropper 10,500 ml Water 1 Stopwatch 1 Colour Scale 1 5 ml Spoon Inquiring and Designing Qualitative Observations - Raw Data Table What qualitative data will you record? -Attack cleans the best. -Big C cleans a little bit worse. -Nuts about Soap cleans the worst of the three. -At the very last trials of the experiment, we hurried, so we didn t run out of the time. We drop two cloths in one beakers in the very last trials, and we made those cloths to be the one that is used for two trials. -When I was spinning the liquid, I spilled a little bit of them. I don t know whether it will affect the results or not. -We dip up 5 ml of tomato sauce in one dip and we tried to divide and apply it equally to three different white cloths. It is hard to divide things equally. -One of the members who took the job to paste the tomato sauce on the white cloths tried to make circles of tomato sauce. We didn t use any moles or any kinds of tools. So, it is hard to make an exact circle of the tomato sauce on the cloths. We didn t Page 5 of 10

shape the circles exactly the same, and it may maybe have affected the results. -Also, the stopwatchman may have delayed started stirring the liquid. The stopwatchman is the same person all the time. -The speed of the stirring are different for different people. This may have affected the results. Also, we didn t change people to stir the same detergent dissolving water in each trial, which may help a little or a lot. Quantitative Observations - Raw Data Table How will you record your quantitative data? Method : Step by Step, What will I do? 1. Prepare all the materials listed above. 2. Prepare all three detergents by pouring each of the detergents into three different 50 ml beakers. 3. Pour 350 ml of water into each of the 500 ml beakers. 4. Suck up 3 ml of three different brands of detergents into the three different droppers 5. Drop and dissolve each of the detergents into the water in three different 500 ml beaker. 6. Pour 5 ml of tomato sauce into 5 ml spoon. 7. Paste the tomato sauce from the spoon equally on three different white cloth in the shape of circle. 8. Reset the stopwatch. 9. Drop the cloths with tomato sauce on them the same time as we start the stopwatch. 10. Stir the liquid in the beaker. 11. When the time on the stopwatch reached three minutes, stop the stopwatch, and stop stirring it and dip out the washed cloths with the spoon. 12. Dry the cloths using the spoon too hang the cloth over the beaker, or shake the spoon hanging the cloth over the beaker. 13. Place the cloth on the labeled brown paper, put the cloths washed with different brands of detergents on different labeled area of the paper respectively according to the trials order. (First Trial, Second Trial, Third Trial, and so on. 14. Dump the detergent dissolving water in three 500 ml beakers down the sink. 15. Repeat Steps 1-14 again 9 more times. 16. Wait for the cloths to dry, then start to record the data using the colour scale attached below. 17.Compare the colour of the stain remained on the cloths with the colour scale, and write down the number of the colour that was the closest to the colour of the stain remained. 18. Clean the experiment up!!! Safety What safety issues should you watch out with this experiment? The safety issues I should watch out with this experiment are to look carefully at the beaker. So, I don t drop it to the ground. While I was watching the beakers each time, I hold the beaker tightly. So, it didn t drop to the sink. Also, I also look even not much carefully to know whether it have broken already or not. Page 6 of 10

Processing and Evaluating Conclusion Processed Data Table A new table with your processed data Data Processing Use words and math to describe how you will change/manipulate your raw data *also include an example from your data* Was your research question answered/proved? Present your data and describe the patterns and trends How do your Qualitative Observations help support your data? Hypothesis : supported / not supported? Graph Attach your graph *First explain in words why you choose your type of graph Processing and Evaluating Next Testable Question What experiment could you do next? Error Significance (low, moderate, high) Improvement Sources of Error Table -List 5 or more ways errors might have occurred during your experiment and how they might be fixed Errors At the very last trials of the experiment, we hurried, so we didn t run out of the time. We drop two cloths in one beakers in the very last trials, and we made those cloths to be the one that is used for two trials. When I was spinning the liquid, I spilled a little bit of them. I don t know whether it will affect the results or not. Significance Low Medium High Improvement Don t be too hurried. Even we are hurried, we must not put two cloths in the same beakers again. Stir the liquid more carefully, and don t soil it again Page 7 of 10

We dip up 5 ml of tomato sauce in one dip and we tried to divide and apply it equally to three different white cloths. It is hard to divide things equally. Use three spoons that are the same size and can contain the same volume of liquid. Then apply it to the three white cloths. One of the members who took the job to paste the tomato sauce on the white cloths tried to make circles of tomato sauce. We didn t use any moles or any kinds of tools. So, it is hard to make an exact circle of the tomato sauce on the cloths. We didn t shape the circles exactly the same, and it may maybe have affected the results. The stopwatchman may have delayed started stirring the liquid. The stopwatchman is the same person all the time. The speed of the stirring are different for different people. This may have affected the results. Also, we didn t change people to stir the same detergent dissolving water in each trial, which may help a little or a lot. Use a circle mole, the small one to make shapes of circles of tomato sauce on every piece of cloth. Switch people to stir each detergent dissolving water each trial. First Trial Samuel does Attack, I do Big C, and JobJab does Nuts about Soap. Next time, Samuel does Big C, I do Nuts about Soap, and JobJab does Attack. Next time, Samuel does Nuts about Soap, I do Attack, and JobJab does Big C. Repeat like this until the ten trials are completed. Evaluation Recap your reasons for doing this experiment AND included your experimental results Reflect on your experiment did it turn out well? Do you feel you have answered your research question? How do you feel about the results? Processing and Evaluating *** Works Cited - MLA format *** Page 8 of 10

Works Cited "Disinfectants Sodium Hypochlorite." Sodium Hypochlorite as a Disinfectant. Lenntech B.V. Web. 17 Sept. 2014. <http://www.lenntech.com/processes/disinfection/ chemical/disinfectants-sodium-hypochlorite.htm>. "Linear Alkylbenzene." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 24 Aug. 2014. Web. 17 Sept. 2014. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/linear_alkylbenzene>. Neises, Brian. "MYPSCIENCE LAB." MYP SCIENCE 2014th ser. (2014): 10-15. KIS Managebac. Web. 11 Sept. 2014. <https://kis.managebac.com/secure/ 1cd20cab8cb8f6243a4dcf7b6146ccf4/1411063392/assets5/1476/1106/ Science_Inquiry_Guide_Next_Chapter_KIS_Edit_.pdf>. "Nuts About Soap." Nuts About Soap. Nuts About Soap Ltd, 2013. Web. 17 Sept. 2014. <http://nutsaboutsoap.com/products.html>. "Sapindus." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 17 Sept. 2014. Web. 17 Sept. 2014. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/sapindus>. "Saponins." Phytochemicals. Top Cultures. Web. 17 Sept. 2014. <http:// www.phytochemicals.info/phytochemicals/saponins.php>. "Surfactant." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 29 Aug. 2014. Web. 17 Sept. 2014. Page 9 of 10

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/surfactant>. Page 10 of 10