Chapter 1 History & Career Opportunities MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Cosmetology is defined as the of beautifying and improving the skin, nails, and hair. A. aesthetics B. art and science C. standards and codes D. technology ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Page 6 2. The term cosmetology comes from the word kosmeticos, meaning skilled in the use of cosmetics. A. Egyptian B. East Indian C. Greek D. Russian ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Page 6 3. Archaeological studies reveal that haircutting and hairstyling were practiced in some form as early as the. A. Ice Age B. Golden Age of Greece C. Renaissance D. Victorian Age ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Page 6 4. Ancient people around the world used animal hide. A. as colorants for hair and skin B. to tie hair back or for adornment C. as head dresses to indicate social rank D. as material for wigs ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Page 6 5. Studying the history of cosmetology can. A. help you to understand that ancient and modern techniques are unrelated B. expedite your educational path to becoming a professional C. narrow your chosen field of study to one or two options D. help you predict or understand current trends ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Page 6 6. Which civilization is most known for using a variety of hairstyles as symbols of tribal traditions to convey messages of age, marital status, power, and rank? A. Chinese B. African C. Egyptian D. Roman ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Page 7
7. Who were the first people to cultivate beauty with extravagant fashions and were the first to use cosmetics as part of their personal beautification habits? A. The Indians B. The Romans C. The Egyptians D. The Celtic ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Page 7 8. Ancient Egyptians were the first civilization to infuse essential oils from for use as perfumes and for purification purposes. A. rocks and minerals B. animal remains C. leaves and blossoms D. clay and sand ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Page 7 9. Which queen erected a personal cosmetics factory next to the Dead Sea? A. Queen Nefertiti B. Queen Cleopatra C. Queen Elizabeth D. Queen Victoria ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Page 7 10. Which substance was created by ancient Egyptians from a mixture of ground galena (a black mineral), sulfur, and animal fat? A. Henna B. Lipstick C. Perfume D. Kohl ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Page 7 11. What were the royal colors of the Chou Dynasty (circa 1100 BC)? A. Gold and silver B. Blue and gold C. Red and gold D. Black and gold ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Page 8 12. What mineral, considered the chief source of mercury, was ground into a fine powder and used to make vermillion, a brilliant red pigment? A. Iron B. Cinnabar C. Silver D. Ruby ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Page 8 13. In ancient Rome, women used hair color to indicate their class in society. What color did poor women use to dye their hair? A. Black
B. Red C. Brown D. Blond ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Page 8 14. The process of steam distillation was refined by Avicenna, a, around AD 1000. A. Greek philosopher B. Roman priest C. French mathematician D. Persian physician ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Page 9 15. What was the period in history during which Western civilization made the transition from medieval to modern history? A. The Middle Ages B. The Renaissance C. The Victorian Age D. The Industrial Age ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Page 9 16. During the Renaissance, the unusual practice of shaving the eyebrows and hairline was performed to show a greater expanse of forehead. A brow-less forehead was thought to give a woman a look of greater. A. fertility B. intelligence C. height D. wealth ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Page 9 17. During which austere and restrictive period in British history (1837 1901) did Queen Victoria reign? A. Middle Ages B. Renaissance C. Victorian Age D. Twentieth Century ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Page 9 18. Why did women pinch their cheeks and bite their lips during the Victorian Age? A. To punish themselves B. As a social custom C. To induce natural color D. As a nighttime ritual ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Page 9 19. Who were the biggest trendsetters in beauty applications in the early twentieth century? A. Motion picture producers B. Major business owners in the industry C. Inventors of new skin and hair products D. Celebrities and society figures ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Page 9
20. Which Polish immigrant Americanized his name in 1908 and moved to Los Angeles, where he began making and selling makeup? A. Max Factor B. Charles Nessler C. Avicenna D. Charles Revson ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Page 9 21. What wrapping technique was introduced when women cut their hair into the short-bobbed style after World War I? A. Spiral wrapping B. Curling iron C. Croquignole D. Permanent waving ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Page 10 22., the child of former slaves, was a pioneer in the modern African American hair care and cosmetics industry. A. Sarah Breedlove B. Francois Marcel C. Charles Nessler D. Gloria Swanson ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Page 10 23. Who invented the first curling iron in 1872? A. Max Factor B. Charles Nessler C. Marcel Grateau D. Charles Revson ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Page 10 24. What year was the preheat-perm method introduced? A. 1931 B. 1932 C. 1935 D. 1938 ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Page 11 25. What product was first marketed by Charles Revson in 1932, and glamorized by early screen sirens, Jean Harlow and Gloria Swanson, in their early motion pictures? A. Styling gel B. Cake makeup C. Nail polish D. Permanent wave ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Page 11 26. Which New York chemist introduced the first permanent haircolor in 1932 and founded a company called Clairol in 1935? A. Trevor Sorbie
B. Charles Revson C. Noel DeCaprio D. Lawrence Gelb ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Page 11 27. Cold waving, or permanent waving, was developed by scientists in 1941 as a new type of permanent waving that did not use heat. What is the modern-day term for this waving lotion? A. Alkaline perms B. Cold wave C. Texture services D. Croquignole ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Page 11 28. Which group ushered in a new era of highlighting in the 1970s by introducing the art of hair weaving using aluminum foil? A. New York hairdressers B. French hairdressers C. London hairdressers D. Los Angeles hairdressers ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Page 11 29. In 1985, a hairdresser,, led by his passion for his craft and environment, revolutionized the beauty industry by inventing the world s first ammonia-free haircolor. A. Trevor Sorbie B. Noel DeCaprio C. Farouk Shami D. Lawrence Gelb ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Page 12 30. Who coined the name day spa in the late 1980s? A. Trevor Sorbie B. Lawrence Gelb C. Farouk Shami D. Noel DeCaprio ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Page 12 31. Which activity is most important to a successful career, holds the key to individual development and personal motivation, provides knowledge and builds confidence, and promotes career advancement? A. Continuing education B. Social networking C. Career specialization D. Trade show attendance ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Page 12 32. The salon industry depends heavily on its relationships with product distributors, which are referred to as. A. manufacturer educators B. distributor sales consultants C. directors of cosmetics D. directors of styles
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Page 16 33. Cosmetologists may choose to specialize and work in a specific type of facility. Which facility would be least appropriate for a specialist? A. Day spa B. Full-service salon C. Photo or film set D. Massage clinic ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Page 18 34. Your license will unlock countless doors for employment. However, your career must be. A. focused primarily on haircutting B. centered on social networking C. fueled with personal dedication and passion D. driven by competition and ambition ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Page 18