SNOW MODELLING IN AUSTRIA Ulrich Haberl VERBUND AG, www.verbund.com SRD - Resource Planning, Dispatching & Scheduling Tel: +43-(0)50313-52319 Ulrich.Haberl@verbund.com VERBUND AG Am Hof 6a, A-1010 Wien FN 76023 z, HG Wien www.verbund.com
What is the next half hour about? Overview of VERBUND power plants The role of snow for VERBUND Snow-relevant data in Austria Snow model concept used at VERBUND Outlook for the topic snow VERBUND AG, www.verbund.com 2012-12-14 Slide 2
Generation More than four fifths of our electricity production from renewable hydro power 123 hydro power plants in Austria and Bavaria equals 90% of our power stations Three fourths of our power plant capacity comes from hydro power plants: 7,400 MW A global reputation as hydro power specialist with long-term experience in planning, constructing and operating hydro power plants High environmental standards, high social and cultural responsibility. The sustainable rating agency, oekom research, lists VERBUND as a prime investment. 30% of the hydro power plant sites have been nominated nature conservation areas following construction of the power plant VERBUND AG, www.verbund.com 2012-12-14 Slide 3
Generation Hydro Power Plants in Austria and Europe Austria & Bavaria Number Capacity Total Production 2011 Hydro power plants 103 6,774 MW 21,648 GWh Hydro power plants (inc. subscription rights) 20 591 MW 2,569 GWh Total 123 7,365 MW 24,217 GWh International via Joint Ventures Turkey 6 319 MW 594 GWh Italy 1 25 MW 62 GWh Total 7 344 MW 656 GWh VERBUND AG, www.verbund.com 2012-12-14 Slide 4
Power Plants in Austria and Bavaria!(!(!(!(!(!(!(!( Hydro power under construction Joint venture power generating plant VERBUND Hydro Power AG Runoff river plant >5MW Storage power plant Thermal power plant VERBUND participation (Hydro Power) Wind farm Wind farm under construction Enns All Hydro Power Plants of VERBUND are situated in an alpine catchment. VERBUND AG, www.verbund.com 2012-12-14 Slide 5
Snowmelt-runoff-regime in Austria SNOW-MELT SNOW-MELT Quelle: Wikipedia VERBUND AG, www.verbund.com 2012-12-14 Slide 6
Precipitation as snow Catchments of the big storage plants are situated in elevations higher than 2000m. So about 40 % (Minimum) of annual precipitation is snow. For managing the energy production of hydro power in Austria, snow processes have to be known as well as possible. VERBUND AG, www.verbund.com 2012-12-14 Slide7
Snow pack processes VERBUND AG, www.verbund.com 2012-12-14 Slide 8
Snowdata in Austria (overview) USE COMMENTS Temperature Gauges Model Input spatial distribution INCA (ZAMG) Model Input Using a model-output as model-input Gauges Model Input different time scales Precipitation Radar Model Input shadowing effects in alpine terrain INCA (ZAMG) Model Input Using a model-output as model-input Radiation Gauges Model Input spatial distribution INCA (ZAMG) Model Input Using a model-output as model-input Snow depth Gauges Model Input, Calibration, Spatial distribution, few data in high Validation, Update elevations, update technique Snow water Gauges Model Input, Calibration, Spatial distribution, few data in high Validation, Update elevations, update technique Snow cover MODIS - SCA Model Input, Calibration, Cloud cover, resolution weak for Validation, Update complex terrain, update-technique River runoff DATA (Austria) Gauges Model Input, Calibration, Validation, Update Seperation of snowmelt runoff, ratingcurves VERBUND AG, www.verbund.com 2012-12-14 Slide 9
Example: INCA precipitation VERBUND AG, www.verbund.com 2012-12-14 Slide 10
Precipitation gauges in Austria 180 160 140 Precipitation Gauge - Count 120 100 80 60 40 Sonnblick (ZAMG) 3106m 20 0 42 69 80 155 131 72 80 72 49 51 29 23 27 24 23 19 23 22 27 15 10 8 4 7 3 3 0 5 5 1 3 1 3 1 Elevation-Band VERBUND AG, www.verbund.com 2012-12-14 Slide 11
MODIS SCA in VERBUND ProVis (FEWS) Data provided by ENVEO and visualised with ProVis (= FEWS) VERBUND AG, www.verbund.com 2012-12-14 Slide 12
Snow melt model used at VERBUND MELT RATE TEMPERATURE INDEX RADIATION INDEX ALBEDO FACTOR COLD CONTENT ASPECT FACTOR INPUT: Air temperature (LT) > threshold temperature, Solar radiation (Rad) PARAMETER (calibration): Temperature index (TI), Radiation index (RI), Proportion Temperature / Radiation ( ) EXTENSIONS: Albedo factor (albfak), Cold content factor (ccfak), Aspect factor (exfak) Aspect Aspect factor Horizontal 1 North 0.5 North-East 0.7 East 0.9 South-East 1.5 South 2 South-West 1.5 West 0.9 Nord-West 0.7 Used area-weighted VERBUND AG, www.verbund.com 2012-12-14 Slide 13
Snow melt model output in ProVis (FEWS) Use of SWE to interprete the hydrological situation in catchments VERBUND AG, www.verbund.com 2012-12-14 Slide 14
Known problems using index-models with INCA-Data JUNE Model snow pack is melting to slow in the end of spring in alpine catchments VERBUND AG, www.verbund.com 2012-12-14 Slide 15
Approaches to solve this problem: Use of energy balance models: Input data are very important Data-based calibration of index-models: Example: include Landsat 7 TIR (thermal infrared) to calculate difference between air temperature and land surface temperature. air temperature INCA Bridge between index-model & physical-based-model TIR Landsat 7 (proxy for LST) more spatial information VERBUND AG, www.verbund.com 2012-12-14 Slide 16
Excursus: Including LST to index-model SE-Slope at 2100m N-Slope at 3000m LST T air normalized signal )) VERBUND AG, www.verbund.com 2012-12-14 Slide 17 M x,y,z t CT LT CLOUD Melt Position Time Temperatur-Index Air-Temperature LST-LT (snowfree) Cloudiness
Excursus: Including LST to index-model Advantages: Data-based Information T air Model characteristics included CT without spatial variation Small parameter space Disadvantages: Albedo snowfree snow High resolution LST approximated complex datahandling VERBUND AG, www.verbund.com 2012-12-14 Slide 18
Outlook of the topic snow at VERBUND Analyzing INCA-Data with focus of annual snowaccumulation. Rebuild snow-model, to make spatial distributed inputs (in special precipitation) operational. Calibration and validation of new distributed models. Including MODIS-SCA in model for validation & updating snow pack states. VERBUND AG, www.verbund.com 2012-12-14 Slide 19
Thank you for your Attention VERBUND AG, www.verbund.com 2012-12-14 Slide 20