International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research www.ijmter.com e-issn No.:2349-9745, Date: 28-30 April, 2016 Effects of Jute Fiber on Compaction Test Vinod Pandit 1, Vyas Krishna 2, Borate Rohan 3, Adhikar Roshan 4, Pankaj Verma 5, Priyanka Ahire 6 1 Department of civil Engineering, S.N.J.B s KBJ COE, Chandwad, vmpsmfe@gmail.com 2 Department of civil Engineering, S.N.J.B s KBJ COE, Chandwad, krishnavyas.vyas12@gmail.com 3 Department of civil Engineering, S.N.J.B s KBJ COE, Chandwad, rohanborate30@gmail.com 4 Department of civil Engineering, S.N.J.B s KBJ COE, Chandwad, roshaan.adhikar@gmail.com 5 Department of civil Engineering, S.N.J.B s KBJ COE, Chandwad, pankajcivil226942@gmail.com 6 Department of civil Engineering, S.N.J.B s KBJ COE, Chandwad, priya21495@gmail.com Abstract- Black cotton soil exhibits the properties of high swelling and shrinkage. Such soil must be improved to be used as a foundation material. Number methods are available to improve compaction and other properties of soil. In the present study, the effect of jute fibers mixed randomly on compaction properties (OMC and ) of soil is studied. Inclusion of randomly distributed fibers makes the soil mass homogeneous and maintains isotropy in strength. The natural fiber reinforcement causes significant improvement in shear strength and other engineering properties of soil. In the present study, an experimental study is conducted on locally available soil stabilized with jute fiber. Jute fibers in the percentage of dry weight of soil are randomly mixed with soil and Standard Proctor test is conducted to find compaction characteristics (OMC and ) of soil. The percentage of jute fiber by dry weight of soil was taken as 0.25%, 0.75%, 1.25% and 1.50%. in the present investigation the lengths of fiber was taken 20mm and 30mm and two different diameters 2mm and 3mm were consider for each fiber length. The effect of length and diameters of fiber on compaction test of soil were also investigated. Keywords- OMC,, Black cotton soil, Jute Fiber, I. INTRODUCTION Soil has been used as a construction material from time immortal. Being poor in mechanical properties, it has been putting challenges to civil engineers to improve its properties depending upon the requirement which varies from site to site. During last 25 years, much work has been done on strength deformation behavior of fiber reinforced soil and it has been established beyond doubt that addition of fiber in soil improves the overall engineering performance of soil. Among the notable properties that improved are greater extensibility, small loss of post peak strength, isotropy in strength and absence of planes of weakness. Fiber reinforced soil has been used in many countries in the recent past and further research is in progress for many hidden aspect of it. Fiber reinforced soil is effective in all types of soils (sand, silt and clay). Use of natural material such as jute, coir, sisal and bamboo, as reinforcing materials in soil is prevalent for a long time and they are abundantly used in many countries like India, Philippine, Bangladesh etc. the main advantages of these materials are they are locally available and are very cheap. They are biodegradable and hence do not create disposal problem in environmental. Processing of these materials into a usable form is an employment generation activity in rural areas of these @IJMTER-2016, All rights Reserved
countries. If these materials are used effectively, the rural economy can get uplift and also the cost of construction can be reduced. Agarwal and Sharma (2010) studied the application of jute fiber in the improvement of subgrade characteristics. From this study it was concluded that jute fiber reinforcement reduces the maximum dry density and increase the optimum moisture content of the subgrade soil. The CBR value of the subgrade soil increases up to 250% with the inclusion of bitumen coated jute fiber [1] Singh and Bagra (2013) studied the application of jute fiber for the improvement of subgrade soil. They concluded that the CBR value of subgrade soil increases with the increase in jute fiber content. They also concluded that the CBR value also increases with increase in length and diameter of thread [4]. Tera et al. (2011) proposed that of all the natural fiber jute has highest tensile strength and without rotting and heat [5]. Gray and Ohashi (1983) conducted a series of Direct shear tests on dry sand reinforced with different synthetics, natural and metallic fiber to evaluate the effect of parameters such as fiber orientation, fiber content, fiber area ratios, and fiber stiffness on contribution to shear strength [3]. This paper presents influence of jute fiber on compaction characteristics of soil. A number of compaction test have been conducted on soil, and soil stabilized with varying amount of jute fiber mixed randomly. The effect of varying length and diameter of jute fibre are studied with different percentage by the weight of soil are studied. II. MATERIAL USED The soil used in this study is collected from Ganur Tal chandwad, Dist Nashik, India. The soil is collected from depth of 30cm after removing the top surface soil from natural ground surface. The jute fibers used in this study were purchased from market in the diameter of 2 mm and 3 mm and cut in the length of 20 mm and 30 mm in laboratory. The fiber was coated with bituminous layer in order to protect it from decay. 2.1 Soil The collected soil was loose, wet and it was pulverized manually by hammer. Then the soil were screened through the sieve of 4.75 mm aperture before preparing the specimens for testing and also oven dried the soil at 110c for 24 hours before using specimen. Index properties of the soil were determined (Table 1) and classification of soil was done as per Unified soil Classification Systems, soil is MH (High Plastic Silt) Table1. Index properties of soil 2.2 Jute Color Black Natural Water Content (%) 6.25 Liquid Limit (%) 67.11 Plastic Limit (%) 56.06 Shrinkage limit (%) 19.60 Plasticity index of soil (%) 11.05 Maximum Dry Density (уd)(gm/cc) 1.55 Optimum Moisture Content(%) 22.5 Specific Gravity(GS) 2.6 Soil Classification MH @IJMTER-2016, All rights Reserved 591
The jute fiber used was procured from the local market. The diameter of the thread was 2mm and 3mm and length was 20mm and 30mm. these fibers were generally available in the threaded form. These were mechanically woven fibers with very fine threads. The physical appearance of jute thread is in fig. Table 2.Properties and constituents of jute Color Light brown Diameter 2mm & 3mm Length 20mm & 30mm 2.3 Bitumen Bitumen was used for coating the jute fiber to protect them from microbial attack & degradation. Bitumen coating was done in the hot state at a temperature of 160 o c. III. EXPERIMENTAL WORK 3.1 Standard Proctor Test To assess maximum dry density () and optimum moisture content (OMC) Standard Proctor test is performed as per IS 2720: part VII: 1980. The Jute fiber purchased from market in the diameter range of 2mm and 3mm has been cut in the piece of length nearly 20mm and 30mm. These pieces of the jute are coated with bitumen in order to protect it from microbial attack & degradation. To coat the bitumen over jute fiber, bitumen is heated up to a temperature of nearly 160 o c. The thread of jute is dipped in it for about 2 to 3 second & extra bitumen is streamed off with the help of fork. The pieces in the way are left for cooling of 24 hour. After 24 hour the threads are further cut in the small pieses of length 20mm and 30mm. A series of standard proctor`s tests are carried out on the soil sample with 0.25%, 0.75%,1.25% & 1.5% by weight of jute fiber coated with bitumen. While adding the jute fiber coated with bitumen in the soil mass, appropriate correction is applied to cater for the amount of bitumen. To study the effect of diameter and length of jute fiber, diameter is varied from 2mm and 3mm and length 20mm and 30mm respectively. From the result of proctor test it can be observed that the diameter of jute 2mm and 3mm does not make any appreciable trend on the result of optimum moisture content and maximum dry density. Hence diameter of fiber is no more a study variable in the California bearing ratio tests. IV. RESULTS The following table shows the variation in OMC and with respect to percentage of jute fibres Table 3. and OMC of different percentage Percentage of jute Fibre OMC % Fiber diameter 2mm Fiber diameter 3mm L- 20mm L-30mm L-20mm L-30mm gm/cm 3 OMC % gm/cm 3 OMC % gm/cm 3 OMC % gm/cm 3 @IJMTER-2016, All rights Reserved 592
0% 22.4 1.55 22.4 1.55 22.4 1.55 22.4 1.55 0.25% 19.01 1.505 22.965 1.496 17.19 1.53 18.38 1.525 0.75% 23.04 1.464 23.69 1.4865 24.625 1.475 20.5 1.52 1.25% 19.865 1.51 23.095 1.4985 23.24 1.51 19.505 1.5302 1.50% 18.96 1.52 22.825 1.497 21.99 1.52 18.824 1.545 The following figures shows the variations in OMC and with respect to percentage of jute fibre Figure 1: Variation in OMC with respect to Percentage of jute fibre 30 Variation in OMC with % of Jute fibre OMC % 25 20 15 10 5 Dia 2mm Length-20mm Dia 2mm Length-30mm Dia 3mm Length-20mm Dia 3mm Length-30mm 0 0% 0.25% 0.75% 1.25% 1.50% Percentage of jute fibre Figure 2: Variation in with respect to Percentage of jute fibre @IJMTER-2016, All rights Reserved 593
1.56 Variation in with % of jute fibre gm/cm3 1.54 1.52 1.5 1.48 1.46 1.44 Dia-2mm Length-20mm Dia-2mm Length-30mm Dia-2mm Length-30mm Dia-3mm Length-30mm 1.42 0% 0.25% 0.75% 1.25% 1.50% Percentage of jute fibre V. CONCLUSION 4.1 Effect of jute reinforcement on and OMC The proctor`s tests results obtained from the tests conducted on the soil sample without jute and with different percentage of jute fiber of varying length and diameter are discussed below: It is observed that inclusion of jute fiber reduces the at 0.75 % and at that time its OMC is increased. With addition of 0.25% of jute fiber (2-3mm diameter and 20mm length) the maximum dry density reduces from 1.55 gm/cc to 1.53 gm/cc, where the optimum moisture content increases from 22.4% to 23.5%. reduce from 0.25% to 0.75% and at that time OMC increase at same percentage. In Both cases of 2mm and 3mm diameter and both length (20mm & 30mm).but from 1.25% of jute the increases and OMC reduces. Similar affects are observed in both length and diameter of jute fiber. It is also observed that diameter of the fiber does not have much effect on the maximum dry density and optimum moisture content. Test results indicates OMC of soil increases upto 1.25% of jute fibres for 2mm diameter and 2cm & 3 cm lengths and 3mm diameter 2 cm length of fibre and then decreases for 1.50%. decreases upto 1.25 % of jute fibre for 2mm diameter and 2cm & 3 cm lengths and 3mm diameter 2 cm length of fibre and then increases for 1.50%. @IJMTER-2016, All rights Reserved 594
VI. REFERENCE [1]. Aggarwal, P. and Sharma, B., Application of jute fiber in the Improvement of Subgrade Characteristics. International Journal on Transportation and Urban Development, 2011; 1(1) 56-58. [2]. Bell, J.R Construction and Analysis for a fabric reinforced embankments, Proce. Int. Conf. Use of fabrics in Geotechnics, Peris,1997. [3]. Gray, D.H., and Ohashi, H., Mechanics of fiber reinforcing in sand. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 1983; 112(8), 335-353. [4]. Singh, H.P. and Bagra, M., Improvement in CBR value of Soil Reinforced with Jute Fiber. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology.2013; Vol. 2, Issue 8, 3447-3452. [5]. Tera, S., and Reddy Jagannatha, H.P., International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, 2011; 2(3), 186-191. @IJMTER-2016, All rights Reserved 595