je changes to j when the verb begins with a vowel or a vowel sound

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Leçon A Present tense of regular ER verbs to conjugate in the present tense, drop the ER from the infinitive add the ending that corresponds to the subject parler - to speak je parle tu parles il parle nous parlons vous parlez ils parlent je changes to j when the verb begins with a vowel or a vowel sound j aime j habite with the verbs aimer, adorer, détester, use a definite article before a noun Tu détestes les maths. Nous adorons le français. with the verbs aimer, adorer, détester, use an infinitive afterwards to tell what you like (or hate) to do J adore regarder la télévision. Vous aimez voyager. there are 3 possible translations of the present tense in French je parle = I speak, I do speak, I am speaking verbs ending in CER and GER have a spelling change for the nous form commencer nous commençons manger nous mangeons commands use the present tense form of the verb nous and vous forms are identical to the present, but no subject Regardez! Étudions! tu forms of ER verbs drop the s Mange la salade! être has irregular forms: sois, soyons, soyez Sois patient! Forming questions and expressing negation Forming questions there are 4 ways to ask yes/no questions in French 1. intonation - the word order is the same as a statement

your voice goes up at the end when speaking put a question mark at the end when writing this is an informal method Tu parles français? 2. est-ce que - put at the beginning of a statement if the next word begins with a vowel, change to est-ce qu this is a slightly formal method Est-ce que tu parles français? Est-ce qu elles parlent français? 3. put a tag question at the end of the statement use d accord or n est-ce pas this method can be informal or formal Elles parlent français, n est-ce pas? Nous commençons à midi, d accord? 4. inversion - invert (switch) the order of the subject and the verb when inverting, you must use a subject pronoun (not noun) the verb and subject pronoun are connected by a hyphen do not use with je if the verb ends with a vowel and the subject is il, elle, on (beginning with a vowel), add -t- between the verb and subject this is a formal method Parlent-elles français? Habite-t-il à Paris? if the subject is a noun, put the noun at the beginning and invert the verb and the appropriate subject pronoun Les copines parlent-elles français? Pierre habite-t-il à Paris? il y a y a-t-il c est est-ce Y a-t-il une télévision dans la classe? Est-ce Pierre? pourquoi = why parce que = because Pourquoi est-ce que Marie dessine? Parce que Marie adore l art. Parce qu elle adore l art.

Expressing negation put ne before the conjugated verb and pas after it ne changes to n before a vowel sound Je ne partage pas la glace. Tu n arrives pas à deux heures. with a verb + infinitive, ne pas goes around the conjugated verb On n aime pas les devoirs. Anne ne déteste pas les cours. with inversion, ne goes before the inversion and pas goes after it Ne mangeons-nous pas? N étudient-ils pas le français? use these expressions to answer a yes/no question oui yes bien sîr of course moi non plus me neither toi non plus you neither non no mais non but of course not pas du tout not at all peut-être maybe; perhaps use si instead of oui to contradict a negative question Tu travailles? Oui, je travaille. Tu ne travailles pas? Si, je travaille. Leçon B The verb avoir avoir - to have j ai tu as il a nous avons vous avez ils ont remember that an indefinite article (un, une, des) usually changes to de / d after a negative J ai un crayon. Je n ai pas de stylo. Tu as une calculatrice. Tu n as pas d ordinateur.

avoir is used in many idiomatic or set expressions avoir ans to be years old avoir besoin (de) to need avoir de la chance to be lucky avoir chaud to be hot avoir envie (de) to feel like avoir froid to be cold avoir honte (de) to be ashamed (of) avoir l air to look like avoir peur (de) to be afraid (of) avoir raison to be right avoir sommeil to be sleepy avoir tort to be wrong J ai froid en hiver. Nous avons de la chance. commands for avoir are irregular: aie, ayons, ayez N ayez pas peur! Telling time to ask what time it is Quelle heure est-il? Est-ce que vous avez l heure? What time is it? Do you have the time? Il est x heure(s). It s x o clock. Il est une heure. It s 1:00 [1h00]. Il est deux heures. It s 2:00 [2h00]. minutes from 1-30: add the number after heure(s) Il est cinq heures vingt. It s 5:20 [5h20]. Il est trois heures sept. It s 3:07 [3h07]. 15: use quinze OR et quart Il est quatre heures quinze. [4h15] Il est six heures et quart. [6h15] 30: use trente OR et demi(e) Il est huit heures trente. [8h30] Il est neuf heures et demie. [9h30]

31-59: use hour + number OR use next hour + moins + number Il est douze heures cinquante. [12h50] Il est une heure moins dix. [12h50] 45: use hour then quarante-cinq OR next hour moins le quart Il est dix heures quarante-cinq. [10h45] Il est onze heures moins le quart. [10h45] to tell a what time something happens, use à à deux heures quarante at 2h40 La classe de français est à neuf heures dix. expressions for telling time à quelle heure? de l après-midi du matin du soir en avance en retard midi minuit pile presque tard tôt vers (at) what time? When? in the afternoon in the morning in the evening early late noon midnight on the dot almost late early about for official times (schedules, appointments), use the 24 hour system use only numbers, no special expressions (et quart, moins, etc) to convert PM times, add 12 to the hour 3:00 PM = 15h00 Il est seize heures trente-cinq. [16h35 (4h35)]