THE STUDY OF HOW DURABLE MASCARA IS. Callie Cece Cary Academy ABSTRACT The purpose of this experiment was to find the most durable mascara. Mascara is hydrophilic, so when sprayed with water it will go away. To conduct the 1 st experiment a light probe was placed behind a sheet of saran wrap, with a flashlight held in front of the plastic. The light was measured by amount of lux. The results for the first experiment were 4063 lux for the first swipe of Maybelline mascara, 3553 lux for two swipes, and 2023 lux for three swipes. From this experiment it was concluded that Sephora mascara was most durable of the mascara tested. INTRODUCTION Minerals such as mica, zinc oxide, and titanium dioxide are in some types of makeup. Make up is made up of minerals from the earth. There are thousands of ingredients that might be used in modern cosmetics. The basic ones include colorings; emollients to soften; humectants to hold moisture; and surfactants to cleanse and foam. Other common ingredients include thickeners, liquefiers, and solvents to dissolve solids. Fragrances or other ingredients add a distinctive. Astringents tone skin and remove surface oils, while emulsifiers keep oil and water from separating. The earliest known use of makeup/cosmetics was in Egypt. In ancient Egypt, personal adornment became a statement of status. Hairstyles and cosmetics was distinguished upper from lower classes in Egypt. During the Roman Empire many people used white face powder to lighten the eye makeup, complexion, and rouge. The French wore were powders, perfumes, wigs, jewelry, corsets, and ruffles. Ointment of oils an almond paste were used to whiten skin, as were clay, and zinc.
People and other animals can see because there is light. A form of energy is light. A very important source of light energy is light. There are lots of other sources that provide light other than the sun. Some animals give light like fireflies and certain fish. Sight begins with light. The black circle in the middle of the eye, the pupil, is an opening to let light in. When the amount of light changes in the eye the size of the pupil changes also. Around the pupil is the color of the eye, the iris. It contains two muscles that control the size of the pupil. If put a lot of light near the eye these muscles make vision possible. People inherit from our parents our eye color. The iris color comes from melanin. Melanin is a dark pigment and it also gives hair and skin color. The human eye is hollow, but it is filled with jelly-like fluids. Light entering the eye must first cross the cornea. The cornea also bends the light rays towards the center. The first step in focusing the light is the bending. The lens of the eye is a clear flexible disc. The retina is about the size of a bottle cap. It is like a movie screen. There are two kinds of photoreceptor cells, rods and cones. The colors black, white, and gray are detected from rods. Sharp detail and color are detected from cones. Plastic wrap, cling film (UK), cling wrap or food wrap, is a thin plastic film typically used for sealing food items in containers to keep them fresh over a longer period of time1908 Jacques Brandenberger invented the transparent, non-waterproof cellophane. The plastic wrap was used to mainly package luxury items, but it was the early version and it was expensive. A water proofing method that turned cellophane into an affordable packing material everyone could use, in 1927. In the making of the plastic wrap first what happens is beads of polymer arrive from the polymerizing factory. Second they are melted and forced through a circular die. Air is blown through the middle and sides of the die al the plastic comes out, forming a huge bubble. Third, the bubble forms in a tall tower. As it reaches the top, the tower sides narrow, collapsing the bubble until it s flat. Rollers at the top continuously draw up the flattened plastic film. The edges are trimmed to create a double sheet of film. This is wound into another roller, which may hold many kilos. Hydrophilic means loves water. Hydrophobic means hates water. Inside the atoms are electrons and they have a negative charge.
Oxygen loves electrons. The oxygen has a negative charge which means it leaves the hydrogen s positive. Opposites attract. Water can stick to water. Water is hydrophilic. Whatever has a charge on it is hydrophilic. Something with no charge (oil) then it won t stick to the charges in the water. The more hydrophilic it is the more it will fall off the plastic wrap more. If the makeup is more hydrophobic then it will stick to the plastic wrap. Mascara is a cosmetic commonly used to enhance the eyes. It may darken, thicken, lengthen, and/or define the eyelashes. It is widely known as a method used to strengthen the eyelids as wearing heavy mascara makes this set of muscles work harder when blinking. Doyle found that plain lip gloss had the most light come through. Doyle also found that the least amount of light came through the brand Squeeze and Shine. Squeeze and shine lip gloss was the most durable because less light went through it. Doyle also did light with different beverages orange juice, lemonade, and citrus punch. Lemonade had the most light come through, but orange juice had the least amount of light. Orange juice has the least amount of juice because it is the most concentrated. Lemonade is not as concentrated as orange juice. Like the juice the lip gloss is thicker when it has less light coming through, but if it is thin then a lot of light comes through. MATERIALS AND METHOD Saran wraps, flashlight, mascara (Maybelline, Sephora, Mac), water sprayer, volunteers, water, tape, paper towels, light probe, ruler The first experiment was the Maybelline mascara on saran wrap. The first thing done was the mascara was swiped on the saran wrap with Maybelline. Then a flashlight was put on one side of the wrap and the light probe on the other but in between the
mascara. The amount of light was measured with the light probe. This was done with first one swipe then two then three. This was repeated with different types like Sephora. The first thing that was done was (like the first experiment) wipe one swipe of the Sephora and measure it three times to find the average. The amount of light coming through was then measured. First for the follow up experiment the length of mascara coming down the eye was measured. The Maybelline mascara was put on the eye with three swipes. The water was squirted on the eye three, six, and nine times. The amount of mascara coming down was measured in cm. The average was calculated. This was done with different types of mascara and different volunteers. The next follow up was done alike, but the brand was different. The Mac brand was used for this follow up. The Mac was put on the eye and squirted three, six, and nine times. The average was found when measuring how long the mascara ran. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION On the first experiment the Maybelline (cheap brand) the light was measured by one, two, and three swipes. Most light came through with one swipe, which was about 40000 of lux coming through. The amount of light came through when two swipes were put on the saran wrap was about 3500 lux. Then the light was measured coming through the saran wrap with three swipes. That was about 2000 lux. What was found was that the more mascara on the saran wrap less of the light comes through.
Amount of Light (lux) 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 Amt of Mascara (# of wipes) This shows the amount of light coming through mascara on saran wrap. The second experiment show the amount of light going through mascara with one two and three swipes of Sephora mascara. The most light came through when there was one swipe (like the Maybelline brand). There was about 4500 lux coming with was swipe. Then two swipes were put on the saran wrap and there was about 3000 lux coming through. What was found (like the first experiment) was that more light comes though with less mascara.
Length of Run (cm) Amount of Light (lux) 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 Amount of Mascara (# of wipes) This shows the Sephora brand of mascara and how much light came through the mascara and saran wrap. The third experiment shows the amount of mascara running down with three, six, and nine squirts. The Maybelline mascara was used in this experiment. As shown on the graph the most mascara came down was with nine squirts and it was about 6.2 cm. The least amount was three squirts which was about 3 cm. What was found was more mascara comes down when more water (or squirts) is on it. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 # of squirts This shows the Maybelline mascara and how much came down when water was squirted on it
Length of Run (cm) The fourth experiment shows the show the number of squirts on Mac mascara and how much mascara ran. The graph shows that the most mascara came down with nine squirts. About 6.5 cm of mascara ran with nine squirts. The least came down was three squirts which was about 2.5 cm. What was found (like in the third follow up) was that the more water or squirts put on the mascara the more it will run. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 # of squirts This shows the Mac mascara and how much came down when water was squirted on it CONCLUSION During this experiment many things were found. Most light came through when you had one swipe. The most durable mascara was the Sephora brand because the least amount of lux came through. The most mascara came down with the Maybelline brand. This experiment would be important to the world because consumers need to know what mascara is the best to buy. Also consumers need to know what mascara are most absorbent and what to not wear when it rains. Errors made in this experiment were the flashlight was not 100% steady, the applicators came on differently, the force put on the
sprayers trigger affected the amount of water squirted and the mascara was in slightly different thicknesses. A follow up experiment would be to swipe different amount of mascara on a paper towels with different weights on them. The hypothesis was correct, it did have more light with more swipes of mascara. CITATIONS Bill Slavin. How Everyday Things are Made. Tonawanda, NY: Kids Can Press. 2005: Print. "Cosmetics." Compton's by Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online School Edition. Doyle, Claire The Study of how Durable Lip Gloss Is. Cary Academy. 2011. Print. Ellen Weiss. The Sense of Sight. New York: Scholastic. 2009: Print. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2012. Web. 13 Jan. 2012. Wikipedia contributors. "Mascara." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 6 Feb. 2012. Web. 14 Feb. 2012. Wikipedia contributors. "Plastic wrap." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 6 Feb. 2012. Web. 9 Feb. 2012.
A diagram of the flashlight shining through the saran paper and the light probe