OHIO ARCHAEOLOGIST VOLUME 10 APRIL, 1960 NUMBER 2 Published by THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF OHIO (Formerly Ohio Indian Relic Collectors Society)
The Archaeological Society of Ohio Editorial Offices Business Offices 420 Chatham Road, Columbus 14, Ohio 65 N. Foster Street, Norwalk, Ohio Tel. AMherst 2-9334 Tel. Norwalk 2-7285 Officers President - Ernest G. Good, 15 Civic Drive, Grove City, Ohio Vice-President - MacDonald Schumm, 146 W. Union St., Circleville, Ohio Secretary-Treasurer - Arthur George Smith, 65 North Foster St., Norwalk, Editor - Ed W. Atkinson, 420 Chatham Road, Columbus 14, Ohio Ohio Trustees Merton R. Mertz, 422 Third St., Findlay, Ohio (Term expires May, I960) Robert W. Weick, 741 Greene St., Toledo 9, Ohio (Term expires May, I960) Gerald Brickman, 409 Locust St., Findlay, Ohio (Term expires May, 1961) Harley W. Glenn, 2011 W. Devon Rd., Columbus 12, Ohio (Term expires May, 1961) Emmett W. Barnhart, Northridge Rd., Circleville, Ohio (Term expires May, 1962) John W. Schatz, 80 South Franklin, Hilliards, Ohio (Term expires May, 1962) Editorial Staff Editor - Ed W. Atkinson, 420 Chatham Road, Columbus 14, Ohio Technical Editor - Raymond S. Baby, Ohio State Museum, N. High & 15th, Cols. 10, O. Associate Editor - Thyra Bevier Hicks, Ohio State University, Columbus 10, Ohio Assistant Editors - John C. Allman, 1336 Cory Drive, Dayton 6, Ohio - Ralph J. Servey, 1726 Baird Avenue, Portsmouth, Ohio - Arthur George Smith, 65 North Foster St., Norwalk, Ohio - Harley W. Glenn, 2011 W. Devon Rd., Columbus 12, Ohio - Harry H. Ball, 449 Spaulding Ave., Newcomerstown, Ohio Object of the Society ***** The Archaeological Society of Ohio is organized to discover and conserve archaeological sites and material within the State of Ohio; to seek and promote a better understanding among students and collectors of archaeological material, professional and non-professional, including individuals, museums and institutions of learning; and to disseminate knowledge on the subject of archaeology. Membership is open to all persons of suitable character and interest. The annual dues are payable either the first of January or the first of July each year. Adult dues are $3. 50 and juniors up to 18 are $1. 75 per year. Funds obtained are used for publishing the "OHIO ARCHAEOLOGIST" (all articles and pictures are furnished by the members) and for office supplies and postage. The Society is an incorporated non-profit organization, and has no paid officers or employees. The Ohio Archaeologist is published quarterly in January, April, July, October. issue $1. 00. Subscription included in the Society's annual membership dues. Price per Address all articles, personal news, queries and comments, Trading Post copy and payment, etc., to the Editor. Address all communications concerning application for membership, change of address, purchase of back numbers, and other business matters to the Secretary-Treasurer.
Table of Contents The Cover 37 The President's Page 38 Fine Ohio Fluted Points, photo courtesy Merle R. Sharp 39 Joint Meeting with Ohio Historical Society 40 The Choppers Midden, by E. W. Hyde 41-45 The Old Squaw's "Hairpin, " by Louis A. Simonis 46 Notes on Advances in Dating Methods 47 Feurt Village Site: Added Artifacts 47-49 Notes on Burins, by Jeremiah F. Epstein 50-51 An Incised Sandstone Bar, photo courtesy Elmer H. Grimm 51 The Herner Site: A Possible Glacial Kame Cemetery, by Arthur George Smith 52-59 Your Society's Position Regarding Fakes 59 The Erp Bluff-Top Site, by John C. Allman 60-66 Kudo from Abroad 62 Artifacting in Northwest Indiana, by Charles A. Hyman 67-70 Book Reviews 71 Notes and Personals 72 New Members 72 Errata 72 The Trading Post third cover The Cover -i^pfflwr'l- «* Second in our I960 series of human effigy Ohio pipes is this fine example (probably Late Woodland) from Union County, Ohio, now in the collection of Philip Kientz, Columbus. This bowl-type pipe is fashioned from a fine-grained light tan sandstone, with the features of the face carved in relief on a raised oval. The portrayal ^^, of the features on this oval strongly suggests a jm facial mask. The pipe is 2-5/16 inches high, and its maximum width left to right (at the nose level) is 1-1/8 inches. Height of the oval is 1-15/16 inches; width at the nose level is 1-1/8 W inches. The bowl is 13/16 inches in diameter 'imjw and 1-3/16 inches deep. A hole to accommodate ^j^r the stem (see accompanying rear view) is 7/16 'JOT inches in diameter and 9/16 inches deep. *-8r - 37 -
The President's Page by Ernest G. Good With this last issue of Ohio Archaeologist in which my name will appear as President, I give to each and every one of you my sincere thanks for the honor and privilege of serving you these last two years. Thanks are due to so many for their help, so generously given to me and to the Society. With no intent to slight all my many helpers, I do think you'll agree that special recognition should be given to these several individuals and Committees: To Raymond S. Baby, for his aid in many ways--for the devotion of so much of his work-day and out-of-hours time to the affairs of the Society; for helping to arrange many a good program; for a great deal of helpful advice freely given. And through Ray, thanks to the Ohio Historical Society for the use of the Museum room where our meetings are held. To the Program Committee and the Editorial Staff, for jobs "well done. " To our immediate past president Dr. Stanley G. Copeland, for advice and counsel in taking over the presidency, an office whose duties and problems I knew very little about. To "Old Sarge, " our Secretary-Treasurer, for his devotion to the Society's affairs, and for helping to keep each meeting running smoothly and on schedule. For all this, I can only say "Thank you! " and promise to give any help I can for the future betterment of our Society. In these past two years we've welcomed many new members into our group, and I've been pleased to observe an increasing number of young people and ladies at our meetings. This hobby of ours can be enjoyed by the whole family--bring them all to the meetings as you've already begun to do. Let's keep up the "standing room only" attendance we've had at the meetings this past winter. Again, my thanks to all members for the privilege of serving you as your President. - 38 -
ARCHAEOLOGICAL NEWCOMERSTOWN, SOCIETY OHIO Regular meeting will be held T-Uas*-,...Jxine-2ath at Municipal Bld gtf 7:00 P.M.
Mr. J. K. Tish Route #3 Newcomerstown, u hio
Fine Ohio fluted points from the collection of Merle R, Sharp, Kingston, Ohio, (a) Fairfield County, blue-black and whitish flint (Bremen?), fluting on both sides accomplished with several chippings, fluting on reverse side 1-13/16 inches long from deepest point of concave base, (b) Southern Ohio (county unknown), gray-blue chert, flute on reverse 9/16 inches, (c) Adams County along Blue Creek, honey-colored quartzite ("sugar quartz"), flute on reverse 1-3/16 inches, (d) Southern Ohio (county unknown), blue-gray Flint Ridge with tiny reddish spots, flute on reverse 1-1/2 inches, (e) Pickaway County, blue-gray chert with yellow staining, flute on reverse 3/4 inches. All these points are ground in the concave base and along each lower edge to the point where the body flares slightly. - 39 -
Joint Meeting with Ohio Historical Society, April 28-29-30 It is a privilege for the Archaeological Society of Ohio to be invited to meet with The Ohio Historical Society during the 3-day observance of its 75th anniversary. A session on archaeology, jointly sponsored by the two societies, is scheduled for 9:30 a. m. on Saturday, April 30, to meet in the classroom at the Museum where our regular Sunday meetings are held. Subject of this symposium is the Archaic Peoples of the Ohio River valley. With your E"ditor~acting as chairman and representing ASO, we will be privileged to hear the following authorities: William S. Webb, Professor-Emeritus of Anthropology and of Physics, University of Kentucky. Prof. Webb will talk on "Shell Middens" with emphasis on the development of the atlatl. Don Dragoo, Archaeologist at the Carnegie Museum and the University of Pittsburgh, will discuss "The Archaic in the Upper Ohio River Valley. " Raymond S. Baby, Curator of Archaeology of the Ohio Historical Society and Lecturer in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at The Ohio State University, will develop "Archaic-Adena Relationships, as Demonstrated in the William H. Davis Mound. " Following these talks there will be informal discussion open to all those in attendance. The annual dinner of the Ohio Historical Society is another event our membe rs -^ll~^irifto _!n"joy. It will be held on Friday evening at 6:30 p. m. at the Deshler-Hilton Hotel. Featured speaker will be Dr. John A. Krout, vice-president and provost of Columbia University. Dr. Krout is an active supporter of the work of historical societies and is a native of Tiffin, where he attended Heidelburg College. Reservations must be made for this dinner. Please send yours now, with check at $3. 75 per person (your lady is welcome), to The Ohio Historical Society, The Ohio State Museum, Columbus 10, Ohio. Deadline for reservations is Friday, April 22. Identify yourself as an ASO member, please, but include any non-members you may wish to. We're looking for a fine turn-out of ASO members, both at the dinner and at the Saturday morning meeting. Please come! Honors Note: in recognition of his outstanding contributions to archaeology, an hl>norary~tife membership in The Ohio Historical Society will be conferred on Ohio native Dr. Frank M. Setzler, Head Curator of the Department of Anthropology, U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. - 40 -
The Choppers Midden by E. W. Hyde, Box 350-F, Rosemar Road, Route #1, Parkers burg, W. Va. In November of 1959, the Editor of Ohio Archaeologist asked the Blennerhassett Chapter of the West Virginia Archaeology Society to report on some material known by our Chapter from a site located in Ohio. It was decided that the Choppers Midden had the most unusual features known to us. There is need for the amateur archaeologist to publish what is known about sites in his area, information that might have a bearing on some of the problems existing in the broad field of archaeology. With this in mind, the Blennerhassett Chapter offers this report on Choppers Midden which should be of significance to those interested in the archaeology of the Ohio River valley. Seven miles north of Lowell, Ohio, on Route #77, the Choppers Midden lies in the center of a broad valley of the Muskingum River, on land owned by the Choppers family. It seems that at one time a small stream cut its way through the valley and emptied into the Muskingum. Probably a large village site was located near this stream. The midden as we see it today lies uncovered along the banks of a new drainage ditch cut in the approximate course of the older stream. When the ditch was cut through, a large portion of the earth was thrown out on its bank and gradually became scattered over the adjacent cultivated area. However, a slight rise in elevation now shows that there is a portion of the original soil from the excavation lying adjacent to the ditch. For over 150 feet along the banks of the ditch there are scattered cracked bone, mussel shells, pottery sherds and other material (Fig. 1). Examination of this village debris indicates Fig. 1 (Hyde)--Bank of drainage ditch showing midden debris. - 41 -
Fig. 2 (Hyde)--Shelltempered pottery sherds, both smoothed and cordmarked types. * c Fig. 3 (Hyde)--Rim sherds showing incising, notching and punctating. -, = Fig. 4 (Hyde)--Pottery appendages. 42
that it is homogeneous with the material in the undisturbed ditch banks. Although the area surrounding the ditch contains many Hopewellian artifacts, the presence of this culture has not been established in the midden. On this evidence it appears safe to assume that the midden represents a particular culture and not a composite of mixed occupation. The pottery is shell-tempered except for one sherd which is unidentified. Ninety-six percent of the sherds are smoothed and the rest are cord-marked (Fig. 2). Examination of the surface of the smoothed sherds gives one the impression that many originally had cord-marking that was then partly obliterated. Colors range from grey and black to buff. There is not a great variation in pottery types. Although some of the sherds bear no decoration, many were decorated around the rim and a few on the shoulder area by incising, notching, and punctating. Fig. 3 shows a variety of rim sherds. Among the many examined, two (both plain) show a band of stamped or impressed punctates. Neither of the two sherds has thickened rims, but one shows cross-hatching on the top edge. Both begin to flare out approximately 3/4 inch from the top edge. Other rim sherds have thickened lips and it was noted that some are T-formed, also showing cross-hatching. One body sherd shows an incised triangle filled with parallel incised lines. One rim sherd bears no decoration, although it is very much thickened and curved inward. All rim sherds bearing decoration are smoothed; one rim sherd shows diagonally incised lines cut into the lip approximately 1/8 inch apart and these incised lines extend in like manner down across the body of the vessel. One large cord-wrapped paddle rim sherd shows an added rim layer and also an effigy (or possibly some other) appendage protruding from the thickened rim. The appearance on the site of several types of pottery appendages (Fig. 4) should not be overlooked. These include loop handles, perforated and unperforated. Because of the large quantity of fresh water mussel shells in the midden, we should record that they constitute the largest quantity of debris. Having little background in identification of shells, we have not done more than note the presence of at least five species. The shells' main purpose must have been for the tempering of the pottery which is scattered in countless pieces throughout the site. Most of the shells appear to be intentionally broken and very few unbroken specimens were discovered. Undoubtedly the mussels constituted a part of the diet of the Chopper people. Despite the great quantity of cracked bone eroded from the bank, very few complete bones have been found. However, we did expose the complete skeleton of a deer embedded about three feet below the surface. Deer seems to constitute the greater proportion of the cracked bone material, and there are some bird and small animal bones, and also one turtle shell. Many of the cracked bones are charred. Since only two specimens of bone show evidence of re-working, it is presumed that these people did not use bone consistently as tools. One antler tine and a split bone spatula (Fig. 6) were the only two bone items showing any use as tools. One unusual feature of the midden is the presence of many flat rounded river pebbles (Fig. 5). Because most of these are fine-grained sandstone, they must - 43 -
I I I I,, (I I I II I -' II II Fig. 5 (Hyde)--(top and bottom rows) river pebbles used as hammer stones; (middle row) finegrained sandstone pebbles probably used for smoothing pottery. Fig. 6 (Hyde)--(top row) faceted hematite; (second row) antler tine, bone spatula, argilite celt fragment, hematite celt, flake knife; (third row) chert knives and scrapers; (bottom row) projectile points. t W W\ w #0 ; I -' I I 1II II 12 II II - 44
have had some useful purpose. I presume they were used as pottery smoothers, since most of the pottery shows polishing. Two sandstone abraders were found. Two large river pebbles show use as hammerstones (Fig. 5). With them were found other irregularly shaped pebbles definitely showing use as hammerstones. One large spherical granite pebble had been made into a discoidal, with a circular impression pecked to a depth of 1/4 inch on one side. Hematite must have played an important role in the cultural life of these people. Consistently mixed in the debris were small angular pieces of hematite (Fig. 6) each polished on at least one side. No definite shape is indicated in these small pieces of ore, except for one specimen thinned and shaped into a small celt. Actually, the presence of polished stone tools is very meager, one fragment of a wide, thin ungrooved celt being the only polished stone artifact discovered. No particular type of chipped artifacts is dominant except for small triangular projectile points (Fig. 6). These range in shape from thin elongated with convex base through the wide concave base type. The presence of ovate knives or scrapers is also noted. Even though flint or chert chips were scarce in the midden, close examination shows the possibility that at least a few chips were used as scrapers. In summary: we associate this Choppers Midden material with Late Woodland. Since the pottery types are very similar to the Fort Ancient, it gives indication that the midden was used during upper Mississippian times. There was no indication that this site was occupied after the contact period. Actually, the pottery did not show any early Iroquoian trends and is not at all suggestive of pottery types produced at the Buffalo site. There is a possibility that there was some connection between this site and Iroquoian cultures, mainly through decoration rather than surface technique. The predominance of the smooth surfaced pottery links it mainly to the Fort Ancient. We can also say this about the other material associated with the midden. As this report records only material that was found eroding from the midden, we cannot base our conclusions on excavation findings. Since our Chapter carries on no authorized excavation, we cannot provide this report with stratification or sectioning data. All our conclusions and interpretations are based only on the eroded material. The main object of this report is to bring to the attention of those interested the possibility of an important Late Woodland site in the area. This site could provide a wonderful opportunity to examine a phase of the Late Woodland in the Muskingum Valley. Since Choppers Midden is located between two main cultural areas, the Monongahela and the Fort Ancient, there might be the possibility that a fringe area site such as this could provide an understanding of cultural connections. Undoubtedly, many important finds associated with the midden have been located by local collectors; even so, the possibility of a complete story does exist in the untouched areas of the midden. In making this report available, we wish to thank Don Kesterson for the photography, George King for letting us examine his material, also Rose Marie Hyde, Joseph Ruckman, and Fred Shriver. - 45 -
The Old Squaw's "Hairpin" by Louis A. Simonis, Box 63, Sherwood, Ohio On each of my many visits with an elderly farmer friend, he had mentioned an "old squaw's hairpin" he possessed. This hairpin was found in Defiance County about 1890, my farmer friend told me. While my friend hadn't come across it for years, he promised that if he located it, it would be mine. On a recent visit, he lifted it from the top of a cupboard and handed it to me--a dandy birdstone, and my first! This bird is made of slightly banded slate and measures 3-3/4 inches long. The beak and the holes in the base are chipped, but it's still a beauty. There are some unusual smooth, shallow lines carved into this bird. On the left side, from beak to tail, is a single line that continues around to the right side where it becomes a double line going the length again. Under the head is a similar line running down the neck and across the base. The accompanying drawing indicates the course of each line. I doubt that my wife will ever have a chance to use this birdstone for a hairpin! - 46 -
Notes on Advances in Dating Methods Reprinted from the Newsletter of the Tennessee Archaeological Society, Vol. V, No. 1, February, I960 There is some promise of more accurate radiocarbon dates in the near future. Inaccuracy has resulted from the absorption by charcoal specimens of extraneous carbon of recent origin, often carried down through the soil by permeating rain water. Such charcoal specimens yield later and therefore inaccurate dates in the radiocarbon laboratories. Two researchers of the Boston University School of Medicine are developing a technique for extracting "bone jelly" (bone protein) from deer antler which they believe is not nearly so susceptible to contamination as is antler itself. A method for assigning absolute datings to pottery is undergoing tests at the University of California. Dr. George C. Kennedy has devised a technique which may well produce astonishing results in this direction. The sherd is heated in a furnace sufficiently to emit a visible glow. This light is then measured by a photomultiplier vacuum tube. The mean radioactivity of the sherd is also determined. The flow measurement divided by the mean radioactivity gives the number of years which have passed since the pottery vessel was fired by its maker. Feurt Village Site: Added Artifacts Since the definitive report of "The Feurt Mounds and Village Site" by William C. Mills (1) there has been no further major report on additional artifacts associated with this great prehistoric settlement of the Fort Ancient People. It is now the privilege of Ohio Archaeologist to begin a series of plates (Figs. 1 and 2 on pages following) which will enlarge the record of cultural remains from the Feurt Village site by picturing kinds and types of artifacts hitherto not recorded. Exceptions are certain artifacts previously pictured in Ohio Archaeologist but not then identified as types unreported by Mills. Ohio Archaeologist is indebted to Philip Kientz and Norma Copeland for loaning certain of their Feurt artifacts for photography, and to Raymond S. Baby, Curator of Archaeology, for making available material from the Dr. Stanley G. Copeland Collection presented in 1956 to The Ohio Historical Society. Future issues of Ohio Archaeologist will carry more photographs and descriptive record to continue this series. (l)--mills, William C. : "The Feurt Mounds and Village Site. " Ohio Archaeological and Historical Publications, Vol. XXVI, 1917, pp 304-449. (2) Ohio Archaeologist. Vol. 2, No. 2, April 1952. Vol. 6, No. 1, January 1956. Vol. 6, No. 4, October 1956. Vol. 7, No. 3, July 1957. Vol. 9, No. 2, April 1959. - 47 -
Fig. 1 (Feurt Village)--(a, e) multi-perforated thin bone pendants, probably scapula of mammal (cf Mills, Fig. 85,8, partially drilled bone), (b, c) partially perforated pendants of slaty shale, completely drilled for suspension, (d) slate pendant, possibly larva effigy (cf Mills, Fig. 44, 1). (f) slate pendant, note fine "fringing" as in b, c. (g) metatarsal bone of wild turkey, drilled only to center for use as a pendant, (h, i, j) flat bone beads made of deer mandible, portion between pre-molars and incisors. Items c and f from Kientz collection, others from the Society's Copeland collection. - 48 -
Fig. 2 (Feurt Village)--(a, b, c) fossilized shark teeth drilled for pendants, probably from Atlantic coast deposit, (d) double conical pottery bead found 3 feet below surface, in ashes, (e) circular shell gorget with incised lines, (f) base of Ohio pipestone platform pipe, both ends cut and reworked, (g) steatite bead, possibly reworked from a pipe stem, (h) bear tooth drilled at top of root and into dental canal, part of root cut away, grooved for suspension, (i, j, k) human teeth drilled or grooved for suspension. (1, m) cut shell effigy claws (cf Mills, Fig. 89, 13 and 23. (n) cannel coal claw effigy. Items (e) and (g) from Norma Copeland, others from the Society's Copeland collection. 49 -
Notes on Burins by Jeremiah F. Epstein, Department of Anthropology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas During the Aurignacian period in Europe, men began to produce pointed flint tools made by a special technic. These tools, called burins, were used for engraving and for splitting wood and bone. For a long time it was believed that they were confined to the Old World. In 1951, J. L. Giddings startled American archaeologists by the discovery of burins along the Alaskan shore of Bering Strait. Since then they have also been reported from Canada, Greenland, and the states of Washington, Virginia, and Tennessee. Recently, burins were found in one Paleo Indian and several Archaic sites in Texas. Almost surely they will be found in other parts of the United States if we look for them systematically. The method of making burins is shown in the Figure accompanying this article. Take any suitable piece of flint (such as a flake, a discarded knife, point or scraper) and strike the edge (see arrow, 1). The blow will remove a flake (called a burin spall) and leave a point formed by the intersection of the face of the break (which is at a right angle to the plane of the piece of flint) and the edge of the piece. This surface is called the burin spall facet. The point can be improved by striking the burin spall facet (see arrow, 2) to strike off a burin spall at approximately a right angle to the first facet (3), and form what is technically known as a burin bee de flute. The same procedure is used to resharpen it (see arrows, 3, and result, 4). The needle-pointed specimens A and B have both been resharpened more than once, as can be seen in the enlargements AA and BB. A burin that has been resharpened often shows a jagged or saw-toothed edge caused by the multiple hingeouts of previous burin spalls. The right edge of burin B has had five successive spalls struck off to resharpen it, as BB shows. The burins figured in the plate were found in Centipede and Damp Caves, which front on the Rio Grande just downstream from Langtry, Texas. Since burins look superficially like unintentionally broken pieces of flint, it takes some experience to recognize one. When a projectile point or flake is accidently broken across, there is usually a hinge fracture or a rolled surface along one edge of the break. A burin facet is not rolled but has two sharp edges, and the surface is flat or slightly concave. } ") / // \ AA.<!r 1 2 3 4 D E F Fig. 1 (Epstein)--Method of making a burin, and of resharpening. 50
A burin is best identified by its core characteristics. A flake detached from a core has a positive bulb of percussion just below the point of impact. The core shows a corresponding depression, the negative bulb of percussion. In a sense, a burin is a core that has been skillfully pointed by removing one or more spalls, and it therefore shows a negative bulb of percussion below its point. This may appear only as a shallow depression, but it should be visible under low magnification. Burins come in all sizes. Some Alaskan specimens are incredibly tiny, while some from Europe weigh well over a pound. No matter what their size may be, if you look for the burin features discussed above, you should be able to spot them with little difficulty. Look through your scrap boxes, you might make an important archaeological discovery. Short Bibliography on Burins, with note on area discussed. Giddings: J. L. Jr. (Alaska) 1951: The Denbigh Flint Complex. American Antiquity, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 193-202. 1956: The Burin Spall Artifact. Arctic, Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 229-237. Collins, H. B. (Greenland) 1953: Recent Developments in the Dorset Culture Area. Memoirs of the Soc. Amer. Archaeology. No. 9, pp. 317-355. Cressman, Frank (Washington) 1957: in Wormington, Marie, 1957: Ancient Man in North America, 4th edition, pp. 186-187. Kneberg, M. (Tennessee) 1957: Chipped Stone Artifacts of the Tennessee Valley Area, Tennessee Archaeologist, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 55-66. Miller, C. F. (Virginia) 1956: Burin Types from Southern Virginia: A Preliminary Statement. American Antiquity, Vol. 21, No. 3, p. 311. Swans on, Earl H. Jr., Donald R. Tuohy, and Alan L. Bryan (Idaho) 1959: Archaeological Explorations in Central and South Idaho--1958. Occasional Papers of the Idaho State College Museum, No. 2, Pocatello. An Incised Sandstone Bar This unique artifact from Seneca County, Ohio, is fashioned from light brownishgrey sandstone. The base of the stone is flat, and its design possibly could represent a stylized hunting spider. In the collection of ASO member Elmer H. Grimm, Elyria, Ohio. - 51 -
The Herner Site; a Possible Glacial Kame Cemetery by Arthur George Smith, Fir elands Museum, Norwalk, Ohio The Herner Site was a sand knoll on the farm of Melvin Herner, located on the Sand Hill Road, Lyme Township, Huron County, Ohio. Geologically, this knoll was an old dune on the beach of postglacial Lake Maumee III, which had an elevation of 780 feet above sea level. The elevation of the top of this knoll as shown on the Bellevue Quadrangle of the U. S. Geological Survey Map of Ohio is 795 feet. This knoll consisted of a soft fine sand, light enough to blow freely before even a mild breeze. Since it was cleared of forest, wind erosion had reduced its height in places. The upper nine or ten feet was light yellow; below that, as far down as the excavation went, the sand was grayish white. There was no turf line of darker soil, the grass being rooted into the clean yellow sand. From the turf down as far as the knoll was dug away, about 20 feet, the texture was uniform. There were no pebbles, no laminations, no cross-bedding. The whole deposit was blown dune sand, uniform except for the change in color with depth. In the yellow upper portion there were a number of dark chocolate brown, thick, wavy, and very hard layers. They were composed of the dune sand cemented in place with clay and iron oxide. There were a number of pillars of this same material extending downward from near the surface to a depth of eight or ten feet. These features are very important. Fig. I shows some of these layers in the bank before the excavation started. The area pictured is immediately in front of the main group of burials discussed later in this article. I am no geologist, so I put the problem of these hard layers to Dr. George F. Carter, of Johns Hopkins University. He explained that they were formed by surface water percolating downwards carrying with it particles of clay and iron oxide. This was deposited at the level of the ground water table. In time a layer thick enough to be impervious to water was formed. Then the direction of drainage changed from downward to laterally above the impervious layer, and a new water table was established. This process was repeated time and again, after the burials were made. To the west and north the knoll slopes down gradually to the level of the old beach, but on the east the slope was quite steep. The nearest running water is Megginson Creek which is five-eighths of a mile to both west and north. However, Mr. Herner said that in sinking a pit for a septic tank at a point that would have been in front of the eastern face, he found a thick layer of vegetable debris on top of the underlying clay till. So there may have been a small pond at this point at the time of the burials. More than half of the original knoll had been removed in the past. At the time of this excavation the site appeared as pictured in Fig. 2. There was an immense wild cherry, over 200 years old, on the highest point of the knoll. There were no burials immediately under this tree, but its roots had penetrated - 52 -
all the burials and in several cases there was a fine net of rootlets on, and in, the bones. There was very little cultural debris on the surface of this site, and only a few arrowpoints and a grooved axe have been found on the farm. A thorough search of the surface on the knoll and the surrounding area by the writer and other members of the Firelands Chapter, Archaeological Society of Ohio, yielded a quart or so of flint chips and scrap. Some were of flints common on local sites of the Whittlesey Focus; others were of flints used by the Archaic and Woodland complexes. There was no dark soil, bone, or pottery on the surface of the site. In the summer of 1957, Mr. Herner reported to James M. Overhuls, Director of the Firelands Museum in Norwalk, that he had found human skeletons while digging sand with a power loader. Mr. Overhuls and I went out and found that Mr. Herner had recovered a fairly complete calvarium, fragments of a second skull, and miscellaneous bones. I picked up fragments of long bones, and hand and foot bones, along the drive to the sandpit and in the yard of Lyme School, where the sand had been dumped as fill. It is not known from what depth the bones came, but they were clean with no stain of red ochre. They were marked Burials #1 and #2. They were found at the point X at the right of the tree in Fig. 2. The burials found later were located between the two X's at the left of the tree, a distance of 40 feet north and south, and about 20 feet east and west. All that were seen_in situ were at the same general level, six feet deep on the low side of the knoll to eight feet deep at the point nearest the tree. Burial #11, Fig. 4, was very closely flexed on the right side, about 7 feet down in a thin layer of red ochre, heels at buttocks, hands at face, bones in anatomical order but covering an area only 29 by 6 inches. On the 21st, Carl C. Reynolds and Angus W. Barton of the Firelands Chapter, went to the site with me. We found Burial #12 showing in the pit face about 6 feet deep, with just fragments of long bones remaining in red ochre. They were not saved. We dug away the face of the pit for about 40 feet, going back in for 6 feet, and found Burial #13, a child 3 or 4 years old. The burial was extremely closely flexed in an area of 22 by 9 inches, no red ochre present. Whether the burial 0f! Fig. 1 (Smith)--Hard layers of silt and iron oxide in windblown sand. Fig. 2 (Smith)--General view of knoll and locations of burials. 53
Fig. 3 (Smith)--Burial #9. Fig. 4 (Smith) Burial #11. - 54 -
was on the back or the side was not determined, but the face was turned to the right. This burial was 3. 5 feet south of #12. Reynolds found Burial #14, a small child, completely crushed and the bones were not saved. It was more than 6 feet deep, with no red ochre present. The location was five feet north of #12. On the 22nd Burial #15 slumped out from an unknown depth. No red ochre showed on the few bones left in the spill dirt by parties unknown who took most of them. It was reported to be a common grave burial of an adult and an infant, with good skulls. From the appearance of the remaining bone this was probably a shallow burial. Burial #16 was in a 4 inch layer of red ochre, about 30 inches long and 7 feet deep. It slumped out and the bones were in too poor condition to be worth saving. June 23rd I dug out Burial #17. This first showed as a corner of the pelvis in the very lowest of the hard clay bands, as pictured in Fig. 5 just above the trowel. Observe that the clay bands above it are unbroken. The darker area is not grave fill but the damper sand of the fresh face after slumping. To the right can be seen one of the hard clay pillars. This burial was between 7 and 8 feet deep and, as Fig. 6 shows, was very closely flexed on the back, knees and hands at the left shoulder, head pushed down onto the left shoulder, chin to the right. This burial was removed in its matrix for later display. There was no red ochre with this burial but one piece of fire-broken rock was found at the right shoulder. June 25th I found the last of the burials, #18, close to the big tree. This was first seen as a small patch of red ochre on the pit face about 8 feet down. As I was working it out, the bank slumped down a few inches and then toppled straight out. I moved faster than I had in 20 years and barely escaped. Luckily the burial was not disturbed. The layer of red ochre was oval, about 28 inches long, 18 inches wide, 3 inches thick. Eight inches above this layer was a thin line of pinkstained sand covering an oval area about 5 by 3 feet. I found only small pieces of the middle sections of the long bones in the center of the layer of ochre, and the rest of the skeleton was mere crumbs. From the diameter of the bones I estimate that it was a child of not more than 2 years old. Age and Sex of Burials Burial #3, male, about 16. Burial #4, male, about 30. Burial #5, male (?), about 30. Burial #6, infant. Burial #7, male, about 20. Burial #8, female, age undetermined. Burial #9, male, 55 to 60. Burial #10, male, 11 to 13. Burial #11, middle-aged. Burial #13, 3 to 4. Burial #14, infant. Burial #17, male, about 30. Burial #18, infant. Pathology In only one case were all teeth present and sound, and in all cases they showed wear, some being almost worn away to the roots. Burials 5 and 9 each showed marks of two bad abscesses. Burial #10 had its teeth so crowded that the first and second upper right molars were side by side, this crowding being a sign of dietary deficiencies. Burial #4 showed collapsed 1 lth and 12th vertebrae from arthritic spondylosis. Burial #8 showed evidence of a "green stick" - 55 -
1 Fig. 5 (Smith)--Pelvic bone of burial #17 just above trowel. above and pillar at right. Note hard layers Fig. 6 (Smith) Burial #17 ready for removal in its matrix. 56 -
fracture of the distal end of the left radius. Burial #9 showed advanced spondylarthritis, with resultant destruction of soft tissues and eburnation of joint surfaces. Conclusions This Herner Site seems to have been used as a cemetery at two different periods. The more shallow graves, Burials #1, 2, 5, 6, 9, and most probably #15, I believe belong to the protohistoric Whittlesey Focus (Eries). The bone in these burials is hard and white, similar to bone from other sites of that culture in similar soil. Few Whittlesey Focus burials in the Huron Valley have any grave goods. The artifact found in dubious association with Burial #9 is a Whittlesey Focus type and material. One chip found with Burial #5 was of the same flint. On June 18, 1958, Mr. Herner telephoned me to say that more burials had been found and the bones were at the new depot of the Star Baking Co. just west of Monroeville, Ohio. I went there and found parts of two skeletons. The workmen and I raked through the load of sand that had contained them, and found more bones and some vertebrae, one of which showed evidence of spinal deformation from tuberculosis. At the site I found a few more bones from these same skeletons, but the burial depth is unknown as they were found in sand that had slid down. These burials are listed as #3 and #4. Salvaging of burials was done under trying conditions. The sand was being removed with power loaders that cut from the bottom upward. There was no way of locating a grave until bone or red ochre showed in the perpendicular face of the pit. This soft sand had a pronounced tendency to slump down unexpectedly the full depth of the cut and for a distance of from one to five feet back from the face of the pit. Burials were undoubtedly lost. June 19th I went out to the site, to discover that Burial #5 had slumped out of the bank, and the skull had been smashed by a falling pillar of the hard brown clay. Original depth was not known but was most probably not over three feet. The bones were almost in position, so I could determine that it had been buried flexed, heels at buttocks, one hand before the face, one at mid-thigh. The femurs were at right angles to the torso. The pelvis was missing and the long bones were in poor condition and were matted with rootlets. There were two flint chips with the bones. A portion of the pit face near the tree then slumped, revealing a pit filled with dark soil. This pit was about 30 inches across and the same in depth. About 6 inches from the rounded bottom was the skeleton of a child from 1 to 2 years old, Burial #6. I found no food or bone debris, no pottery, and no flint chips or fire-broken rock in the pit. Later it was discovered that this pit and burial were directly above Burial #11. While the workmen and I were checking the face of the pit, it slumped again, revealing two burials (#7 and #8) about 7 feet down and 3 feet apart, one 3 or 4 inches higher than the other. Both were bedded in a layer of red ochre 4 or 5 inches thick and about 30 inches long. Both burials were extremely closely flexed, judging by the small extent of the layers of red ochre. As I walked over to start digging them out, the face slumped again spilling both burials, and I saw - 57 -
the intact skull of Burial #7 smashed by a chunk of the hard brown clay. were two pieces of fire-broken rock in the red ochre. There After I left, the pit face slumped again revealing Burial #9 and spilling part of it down the slope. Mr. Herner, who saw it spill, said that it was loosely flexed with hands before the face. A newspaper man took a picture of it (Fig. 3) but unfortunately the picture does not show the top of the knoll to indicate how deep the burial was. Traces on the pit face make me believe that it was not more than 3 feet deep. The soil associated with the bones showed no dark stain and I could not trace any burial pit. Searching the spilled grave soil for small bones I found a small sub-triangular artifact of a type common in Whittlesey Focus sites. Whether it belonged with the burial or was adventitious could not be determined. A chip with Burial #5 was of this same material, a local blue and brown chert. Burial #9 was a male 55 to 60 years old. The skull is undamaged although the lower jaw was broken in the slump, and has been repaired. Five teeth show cavities. An apical abscess of the right upper second molar had eaten through into the antrum. Another abscess had destroyed the right upper canine and bicuspid. The right upper first molar had been worn down to separated roots. The right upper wisdom tooth and the second and third molars had been lost during life. This man had suffered very severely from spondylo-arthritis. The vertebrae were badly lipped, and there were bony spines the size of a fingernail in back of the right knee joint. This joint showed a pronounced eburnation, where bone had rubbed against bone after the destruction of the protective tissues by disease. The right arm showed the same conditions, but the left arm was normal. Both humeri were perforated. There were two Wormian bones, one on each side of the occiput. On the 20th I found Burial #10, an adolescent extremely closely flexed on the left side, in a small amount of red ochre. The bones covered an area of but 30 by 7 inches but were in anatomical order, heels at buttocks, hands at face. The burial was 7 feet deep. The deeper burials must be a great deal older, as the many unbroken water table clay layers prove. In a personal communication, Wm. A. Ritchie reported that he had seen similar, but thinner lines over graves of the Glacial Kame culture in Canada. I have seen fine brown lines extending unbroken over Whittlesey Focus burials in a fine yellow sand at the Mixter site on the Huron River, below Milan, Ohio. But I have never seen any of this thickness and hardness. In spite of the fact that no diagnostic artifacts were found I believe that these graves are at least as old as Glacial Kame, and are most probably of that complex. I base my belief on the traits of very deep burial, and burial in a knoll, the type of location the Glacial Kame complex preferred for cemeteries. However the extreme flexing of these burials may indicate an early period in that complex. I must emphasize the fact that it was completely impossible to detect any sides or bottoms to these grave pits, although they were searched for in every case. Nor was there any difference in shade or color. As this was windblown sand, there was no difference in texture visible as would have been the case in - 58 -
waterlaid sands. I believe that the older graves date back to a time when the area was not forested and the surface of the knoll was bare sand. Acknowledg em ent s I wish to acknowledge the courtesy shown the Firelands Museum by Mr. and Mrs. Melvin Herner, most particularly the aid they gave in keeping out hordes of curiosity seekers. I wish to thank Raymond S. Baby, Curator of Archaeology of the Ohio State Museum, for sexing and determining age and pathology of the skeletal material, and Dr. George F. Carter, The Johns Hopkins University, for his help with the geological problem. Thanks are due the Magill Trucking Co. of Greenwich, Ohio, which made it possible to work on burials by stopping their digging in an area until I was through with it, and to one of their drivers (Charles May of Greenwich) who took an intelligent interest in the excavation and who spent hours of his own time helping to perform the rough labor any excavation entails. The skeletal material is in storage in the Firelands Museum. Your Society's Position Regarding Fakes In many past issues, Ohio Archaeologist has carried articles and photographs intended to inform and to warn its members of the widespread circulation of fake artifacts. Your Editor believes this information has been of great value, and proposes to continue these efforts in future issues. But there have been two somewhat unfortunate consequences resulting from everyone's sensitivity on this matter of fakes: 1. Somewhat too hasty condemnation of certain genuine artifacts, based on incomplete knowledge and only superficial inspection. 2. Reluctance to consider the acquisition of genuine examples of certain types of artifacts that have been frequently faked. There is help for any collector who wants it. The Society's Constitution establishes a standing Committee on Fraudulent Artifacts, and By-Law No. 6 defines its basic assignment to "check all artifacts exhibited for sale or trade as to its authenticity. " While this is phrased in terms of activities at our meetings, this same service is available at any time to any collector who wishes to secure the Committee's opinion on an artifact he proposes to buy or trade for. Two other By-Laws bear on this same problem, in terms of exhibitors at Society meetings. Your Editor feels very strongly that each dealer and each member should always feel bound by these same provisions in all his selling and trading activities. Here is what amounts to a code of ethics for each and every one of us: By-Law 7: "Any Exhibitor of artifacts for display, trade or sale agrees not to display any piece believed by him to be fraudulent unless so labeled, and not to offer it for sale or trade. Any Exhibitor will inform any person interested in buying or trading a retouched or restored artifact that such retouching or restoring has been done. " By-Law 8: "Any Exhibitor agrees to refund the full sale price, or the material traded, if the buyer is dissatisfied for any reason, any time within six months of purchase or trade, if said artifact is returned in the same condition (except for cleaning), and if the seller is so notified within sixty (60) days of the date of sale or trade. " Read "member" for "exhibitor" in the above and there's just no opportunity for any member of the Archaeological Society of Ohio to be other than frank, honest and fair in all his dealings. - 59 -
The Erp Bluff-Top Site: Notes on the First Season's Work by John C. Allman, 1336 Cory Drive, Dayton 6, Ohio (Editor's Note--this paper presents a portion of a talk given by the author at the March 13, I960, meeting of the Archaeological Society of Ohio) In the April, 1959, issue of Ohio Archaeologist (Vol. 9, No. 2) I published an article entitled "An Interesting Bluff-Top Enclosure with Semi-Lunar Wall and Ditch. " I have now named this the Erp Site, after the owner Edwin J. Erp of Dayton, Ohio. This present article reports the work which L. R. Grossman of Ludlow Falls and I did on the site during the summer of 1959. At the time of my earlier report on excavations made in 1958, I felt that the earthworks must be late Adena or, more probably, Hopewell, but we did not find any artifacts that belonged to either of these cultures. Random excavations within the enclosure in 1958 revealed a large number of sherds (Figs. 3, 4), a few fragments of clay tobacco pipes (Fig. 5), and several triangular points (Fig. 6), all of which were definitely Fort Ancient. Fig. 1 shows the plan of the site, which is situated on a level, rather heavily wooded bluff. The earthworks are at the western edge of a roughly oval area that measures approximately 200 feet north and south and 300 feet east and west. There are steep slopes on all but the embankment side. The semi-circular embankment has a chord distance across the ends of 183 feet, with the center of the chord 25 feet from the inner edge of the wall. The chord has almost a true north and south bearing. The embankment is 22 feet wide and 3 feet high, the exterior ditch 15 feet wide and 2 feet deep. On the north side and about 12 feet down the side of the ravine Mr. Grossman found the "dump" for the village (Fig. 1, D) and secured a large number of sherds and pieces of bone that had been thrown over the side. Digging around the north end of the wall he found a "pavement" of rough stones (Fig. 1, E) about 4 feet across, but there was nothing to indicate its purpose. In digging near the spot where he had found the skeleton and pottery vessel in 1958 (Fig. 1, C), Mr. Grossman found a human rib with an arrowhead embedded in it (Fig. 6), but was unable to determine if it was part of the skeleton he had found earlier. No other skeletons were found in that area. After digging a few test holes without finding anything unusual, I decided to dig a 4-foot trench through the wall, 40 feet from the south end, and to go down below the original ground line (Fig. 2). This disclosed that the wall was of clay, obtained mostly from the exterior ditch. At several places in the wall there were streaks of charcoal and ashes, probably from campfires used in intervals between construction on the wall. Only one artifact, a cord-marked grit tempered (quartz) sherd, was found in the wall in one of the charcoal layers. After finishing the trench in the wall, I decided to continue it out across the enclosure to the east, and was able to finish 60 feet of it before cold weather stopped the work. The top 8 inches has humus, over a clay subsoil. In this hu- - 60 -
ERP SITE Fig. 1 (Allman)--General plan of the Erp Site. Solid lines indicate trench dug in 1959, dotted lines indicate plan for its continuation in I960. A locates fireplace; B, child's skeleton; C, adult skeleton; D, refuse dump; E, rough stone "pavement. " Fig. 2 (Allman)--Trench cut through embankment. - 61 -
mus layer there were many Fort Ancient sherds (Figs. 3, 4), a few clay pipestem fragments and much bone and antler material (Fig. 5), and projectile points (Fig. 6). There was nothing in the clay subsoil until at 55 feet out from the wall I struck a dark area which Mr. Grossman decided to probe with a steel rod. When the rod went down quite easily he very ingeniously put some grease on it from his car and brought up white ashes. He found he was probing into a fireplace (Fig. 1, A) that had been hollowed out of the clay subsoil and contained a large amount of ashes and charcoal. The top of this deposit was at a depth of 20 inches, was 21 inches in diameter, and the layer was 3 inches thick. There were no artifacts in the deposit. A sample of charcoal from this feature was submitted to the University of Michigan Memorial Phoenix Project Radiocarbon Laboratory for radio-carbon dating (Sample No. M-1086). In continuing the trench 2-1/2 feet beyond the fireplace I encountered the skeleton of a child approximately 1 to 2 years of age (Fig. 1, B). It was also about 20 inches deep, in the clay subsoil, and had been buried on its left side with the legs tightly flexed and the hands on each side of the face. The larger bones and teeth were well preserved. There were no burial associations. The only artifacts (except pottery) found on the Erp Site that might be assigned to a culture other than Fort Ancient were a broken slate gorget (Fig. 5) and projectile points with small side notches (Fig. 6). These are very probably Late Woodland. Decorations on some of the cord-marked pottery resemble Late Woodland patterns. The crushed quartz tempering is typically Late Woodland. In both respects the Erp Site pottery closely resembles that found on the nearby Steele Dam Site in Dayton. In our random excavations and trenching we have found no postmolds or other indications of permanent inhabitation of the site. Neither have we observed any indications of a palisade at any point excavated in or around the wall. Mr. Grossman and I expect to continue our exploration of the Erp Site this coming summer. We hope that this work, together with our findings of the past two years, will enable us to make a complete final report and interpretation that will definitely assign the Erp Site to its correct cultural horizon. (Allman figures continue on following pages. ) Kudo from Abroad New World Antiquity, Vol. 6, No. 9/10, Sept. /Oct. 1959. Egerton Sykes, Editor. Markham House Press Ltd., 31 Kings Road, London SW 3, England, p. 135. "On looking through these journals (Ohio Archaeologist) one is struck with the terrific enthusiasm which the Ohio Archaeological Society has managed to inspire in its members, especially the young generation. Bearing in mind the strength of the impact of the major maladies of our culture, such as television and the like, to be able to reach the mind of the adolescent is an achievement in itself. One could only wish that such a response were forthcoming in Britain. "What is surprising is the vast quantity of material left by the earlier Indian inhabitants and the fact that in spite of industrial expansion it is still available for the weekend archaeologist. " - 62 -
Fig. 3 (Allman)--Selection of rim sherds to show built-up rim (top two rows), plain rim (third row), handle and boss (bottom row). Note drilling of sherd in lower center, probably for suspension. 63
\ r=*/. -v i 12" 1" 1c Fig. 4 (Allman)--Large pot section showing rim with cord-impressed decoration, neck with diamond pattern, body with cord-marked paddle impression partially obliterated. - 64 -
2" 1" Fig. 5 (Allman)--Worked slate fragment, clay pipe fragments, highly polished bone awl, two antler flakers. - 65 -
Fig. 6 (Allman)--Point in rib (top), chipped chert projectile points, two chert drills (bottom right). - 66 -
Artifacting in Northwest Indiana by Charles A. Hyman, 1806 McCollum Road, Youngstown 9, Ohio Lake and Porter Counties, Indiana, were a prolific surface hunting ground for the "artifactor" in the early years of the century. This region, just south of the lower tip of Lake Michigan, was sparsely settled before the advent of U. S. Steel's largest plant at Gary, and was a land of swamp and sand dunes until 1906, when Gary came to life. My father was a steel man (as was I), and our family was a Gary pioneer, arriving in the young town early in 1907 when I was 18. My artifacts from northwest Indiana were collected over a 25-year period following that date. Much of this region was so sandy that the winds often uncovered old campsites and revealed the artifacts. One such site, I remember, appeared to have just been abandoned, with flint chips scattered about in profusion, together with a number of hammerstones and many partly worked points, spears and scrapers. In fact, during my years of surface hunting I located about 50 such sites where artifacts could be found with no great effort. I gave each site a number, located it on a map, and marked all specimens from it with the site number. I've so recorded 912 perfect projectile points and spears, as well as numerous other artifacts of stone and pottery. Game must have been plentiful between the Kankakee River and Lake Michigan, for throughout this whole region points and spears could be found almost any place, particularly in sandy plowed fields beside dry runs. Then there were certain spots where the triangular "war points" predominated, possibly signifying a battleground location. Some of the most productive sites I found along the general course of the Sauk Trail, which the old Lincoln Highway paralleled south of Gary. This eastwest route originated in eastern Canada, ran north of Lake Ontario and Lake Erie, crossed the Detroit River at Detroit to continue across lower Michigan and enter Indiana just below Bertrand, Michigan, where it crossed the St. Joe River. The trail then passed Hudson Lake, Indiana, ran between the lakes at La Porte to Valparaiso (south-east of Gary) and continued westward through Joliet, Illinois, to Davenport, Iowa. Further west the Sauk Trail crossed the Missouri River at Council Bluffs, Iowa, and then divided. The southwesterly branch later became known as the Santa Fe Trail. The Figures that accompany this article include representative groups of my northwest Indian artifacts, all from Lake and Porter Counties unless otherwise noted. - 67 -
Fig. 1 (Hyman)--Charles A. "Chuck" Hyman on one of his favorite Indiana sandy sites (no. 6) in Porter County. 1?l'f/ llfllwitl? 1 I T?ffTfi *nf «v *, ' vw y» I f I fi 1*1 U T?YfTTTTT?TT Fig. 2 (Hyman)--Representative types of Fig. 3 (Hyman)--Drills from Lake and Indiana flint and chert points and spears. Porter Counties (except row 4, third For scale, spear in center is 3-1/2 from left, Pulaski County). For scale, inches long. drill in center is 3 inches long. 68
Fig. 4 (Hyman)--(right) Mortar and pestle, site 38, Lake County, mortar 4 inches by 5 inches, (left) Mortar and pestle, Porter County, well-worn finger grips on pestle. Fig. 5 (Hyman)--Typical Indiana celts. No. 1, site 29, Lake County. No. 2, site 30, Lake County. No. 3, site 29, Lake County. No. 4, site 8, Porter County. No. 5, site 38, Jasper County. No. 6, site 24, Lake County. Fig. 6 (Hyman)--Cup stones from Lake and Porter Counties. For scale, upper left is 5 inches long. 69
Fig. 7 (Hyman)--Copper drill and associated projectile point, site 10, Porter County. Drill is 3 inches long, and is the only copper piece ever found in Indiana by the author. Fig. 8 (Hyman)--Sherds from sites in Porter and Lake Counties, - 70 -
Book Reviews Arthur George Smith, Editor, Firelands Museum, Norwalk, Ohio The Editor will welcome contributions to this section. NO STONE UNTURNED. Louis A. Brennan. Random House, Inc. 457 Madison Ave., New York, N. Y., 1959. XII plus 372 pages, 29 text figures, 9 plates. $5. 00. Louis A. Brennan is an editor and novelist who has a great amateur interest in archaeology. He sub-titles this book "An Almanac of North American Prehistory, " which is the clue to its great scope. It is an ambitious undertaking as Brennan covers the subject from more than 30, 000 years ago down to the historic peoples of the Pacific Northwest. He is writing more about people than about the artifacts they left behind. Mixed in with more information about the very earliest periods of American prehistory than this reviewer has ever seen in one book, are theories that this reviewer can only call exasperatingly wrongheaded. But these few debatable theories do not ruin what is a very informative book. The style is informal and the material reads like a bull session in which a mixed group of amateurs and professionals try out pet theories on each other, ideas that they would not want to put down on the record. Mr. Brennan advances some ideas that are beginning to be adopted more and more, and this reviewer especially enjoyed his comments on a certain professional who, he thinks, was American archaeology's greatest disaster, an opinion with which the reviewer agrees. RECOMMENDED--A. G. S. MEMOIRS OF GENERAL MILFORT, 1775-1802. Translated by Ben C. Mc- Cary. Continental Book Co., Inc., 206 Mill Street, Marietta, Georgia, 1959. XX plus 232 pages, 1 map. $7. 50. This is the story of a young Frenchman whose travels brought him to America just before the outbreak of the Revolution. In Georgia he heard tales about cannibal savages to the west, so he decided to visit them. They were the Creek Nation and his visit with them lasted for 20 years. Milfort married a sister of McGillivray, who became head chief of the Creek Nation, and five years after Milfort's alliance with them he was elected Head Warchief. This book is source material on ceremonies, particularly on those connected with war and the great council, and is an eye-opener for those who may think the Southeastern Indians were then still hunting and corn-growing savages. They had good farms, great herds of cattle, and many Negro slaves. It was this wealth that later became their downfall, when the Georgians drove them out and seized their properties. Milfort made manyjourneys throughout the southeast and reported in detail about life among the Choctaw, Chickasaw and other tribes. This travel account interested your reviewer because Milfort gave the sites of villages of various tribes along the Alabama, Coosa, and Tallapoosa Rivers at which your reviewer hunted for relics over 40 years ago. RECOMMENDED--A. G. S. - 71 -
Notes and Personals ASO folks everywhere will be delighted to know that Dr. Stan Copeland is making a fine convalescence from the heart attack that hospitalized him some weeks ago. Stan is now at home resting, happy to receive visitors or to chat on the telephone (brief visits, short calls!). Our own Phil Kientz is in the limelight again, this time as a member of the steering committee for the proposed organization that looks forward to restoring the original German flavor to Phil's Columbus neighborhood. In the words of the newspaper report, "making it a leading residential section similar to Georgetown, Greenwich Village, or Williamsburg. " Ark. m. Ind. Ky. "A Survival of the Norse Runes into Modern Times" is the title of an article by Arthur George Smith appearing in the January, I960, issue of the Bulletin of the Massachusetts Archaeological Society. Current officers of the Newcomerstown Chapter of ASO are Leonard Brown, President, and Wayne A. Mortine, Secretary-Treasurer. Maine Mich. Mont. New Members Here's the list of new members who have been welcomed into thesociety during the past three months, up to March 31, 1960. Better add their names to your new membership list, if you've already acquired your copy. And if you don't yet have this list, write Secretary Smith and ask for it -- and please enclose 50# (stamps acceptable) to help defray its production and mailmg cost. Get some membership application blanks from him, too, and sign up a new member or two. Prairie Grove Chicago Angola Columbus Island Sherman Mills Battle Creek Miles City Miles City N. C. High Point Ohio Akron 13 Ashland Ashland Celina Chillicothe Cleveland 6 Columbus 12 Columbus Columbus 10 Columbus 1 Elmore Charles W. McNair, RR #2 Mrs. Carl Subak, Room 705, 30 N. Dearborn I *John Baldwin, RR #1 Robert E. Middendorf, 2010 Hawcreek Ave. *Leroy Hoagland, RR #1 Warren H. Schofield Cecil Cowles, 447 Lakeview Ave. Joe S. Dent, 2102 Stower St. Dorothy M. Doran, 705 N. Prairie Ave. Kenneth Yaw, RR #4 Robert H. Worstall, 245 Idlewild Ave. Stuart M. Martin, Sr., 642 Arthur St. Paul Thornburg, RR #4 Lloyd Grapner, 5 30 Echo St. Mrs. Dorman (Louise) Stanhope, RR #4 The Cleveland Museum of Natural History, 10600 East Boulevard Leroy M. Bissett, 1201 W. First Ave. Thomas A. Carr, 612 South 18th St. (change from J. Andrew Carr in Jan. issue) Henry B. Creech, 2591 Holmes Dr. Charles T. Doudy, 420 E. 19th Ave. Raymond Deno, 106 Fourth St. Errata Elmore Virgil Myers, "Broken Arrow" Fremont Dean B. Rideout, 411-1/2 S. Park Ave. Gallipolis Harold M. Saunders, Eureka Star Route Lima The Allen County Historical Society, 620 West Market St. Mansfield Homer C. Clifford, 161 Chilton Ave. Mansfield Mrs. Betty J. Crawford, 1119 Seminole Ave. Marion Richard H. Johnson, RR #3 Oregon 5 *Ernest Humberger, 2401 Woodville St. Plain City Colin T. Thompson, North Ave. Portsmouth William Burt, 1180 Sunset Ave. Springfield Edwin V. Kemp, RR #3 Springfield Mrs. Jacques Vasseur, 2155 Harshman Blvd. Washington CH Virgil V. Brown, 11 35 South Paint St. Washington CH R. D. Woodmansee, M. D., 403 E. Market St. Wilmington Rev. Virgil L. Binegar, 274 Florence St. Woodville George Weddell, RR Worthington William C. Soule, 2580 W. Granville Rd. Penna. Pittsburgh 34 Tenn. Va. Wash. Kingston Springs Memphis 7 Nickelsville Norfolk 3 Virginia Beach La Center * Junior Member. Donald P. Tanner, 3223 Arapahoe Rd. Wayne Crabtree, RR #2 Joe Golden, 1120 Tutwiler Leon Marshall, RR #3, Box 82 Gilbert W. Yarus, 8120 Turner Rd. William G. Moseley, 405 27th St. Joyce Reed Holley, RR #1, Box 1 Please correct these errors in your January issue, Vol. 10, No. 1: Page 18, Fig. 5 (Hoeflich and Shultz): the rim sherd is at top center, not right center. Page 33: let's get this Findlay situation straightened out! The man at the right is Wayne Mertz's Dad, Merton R. The scene is in the Mertz home, 422 Third Street. Norman Dunn got in the act solely through his kindness in supplying the photograph--and he, too, is welcome at the Mertz home. 72
The Trading Post A service for the members of ASO to help them Trade, Buy, Sell genuine archaeological artifacts and publications on archaeology. ** Slate ceremonials, birdstones, bars, banners, etc., for sale or trade for pipe tomahawks, grave silver, Kentucky rifles or pistols. Appointment suggested. Ladow Johnson, 2435 Copland, Toledo 14, Ohio. ** Want Flint Ridge cores and flake knives. Please state quality, quantity, price. Also interested in above-average artifacts. Harry B. McDaniel, Bettsville, Ohio. (ap60) ** I buy collections large or small--fine individual artifacts, too. Purchase estimates willingly given in confidence. Stan Copeland, 1054 Lilley Avenue, Columbus 6, Ohio. (ap60) ** Full value paid for collections of Indian relics and archaeological publications. Negotiations efficient, confidential. Phone or write for immediate service. Potawatomi Museum, Angola, Indiana, Lynn Munger (curator), ORlando 9-2442. (a P 60) ** Want to buy Ohio serrated, pentagonals, blunts, erratics, and fossilized pieces. Also Ohio hematite, copper, shell, miniatures. Send photo or outline, description. Ed Atkinson, 420 Chatham Rd., Columbus 14, Ohio. (ap60) ** Genuine relics bought and sold. Three selected Penna. arrows $1. 00. Ten Susquehannock specimens including axe and celt $10.00. Three fine Penna. bone specimens $2.50. Palmer, 435 Washington Road, McKeesport, Pa. (ju60) ** Membership List of Society now available, geographical by states and cities. Available to any member, send 50 r, stamps or coin, to help defray cost. Arthur George Smith, 65 North Foster Street, Norwalk, Ohio. (tf) ** Will pay $1 each for good condition copies Ohio Archaeologist, Vol. 1, No. 1, April 1951. Urgently needed to complete library sets. Mail to Arthur George Smith, 65 N. Foster Street, Norwalk, Ohio. (tf) ** Back issues Ohio Archaeologist for sale at $1 per copy postpaid. Available from Vol. 1, No. 2, 1951 (no No. 4 issued) to date except Vol. 6, No. 3, 1956, and Vol. 7, No. 1, 1957. Arthur George Smith, Secretary, 65 N. Foster Street, Norwalk, Ohio. (tf) AFTER THIS ISSUE this Trading Post Department is being discontinued. It seemed like a good idea, has been carried on for the past year, but is evidently not serving a useful purpose for our members.
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