BIOGRAPHICAL PRIVATE PRACTICE Office Address 433 N. Camden Dr. Suite 780 Beverly Hills, CA 90210 Phone P: (310) 275-1959 F: (310) 887-4705 Email info@ghavamiplasticsurgery.com Website www.ghavamiplasticsurgery.com RESIDENCY 2005-2007 Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery University of Texas Southwestern Medical School Department of Plastic Surgery Completed: June 30, 2007 Chairman: Rod J. Rohrich, M.D. 2002-2004 Integrated Surgery-Plastic Surgery University Hospitals of Cleveland/ Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, Ohio Department of Surgery Chief of Division: Edward A. Luce, M.D. FELLOWSHIP 2001-2002 Integrated Surgery-Plastic Surgery (Intern) University Hospitals of Cleveland/ Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, Ohio Department of Surgery Chief of Division: Edward A. Luce, M.D. 2005 Congenital Hand Fellowship Texas Scottish Rite Hospital Directors: Marybeth Ezaki, M.D. and Peter Carter, M.D. 2004-2005 Hand and Reconstructive Microsurgery University of Texas Southwestern Medical School Department of Plastic Surgery Directors: Harry H. Orenstein, M.D. and Scott N. Oishi, M.D. 1
MEDICAL EDUCATION 1997-2001 University of Wisconsin Medical School Madison, Wisconsin Doctor of Medicine, 2001 UNIVERSITY EDUCATION 1991-1996 University of California-Irvine Irvine, California Bachelor of Science, 1996 Major: Biology PLASTIC SURGERY IN-SERVICE EXAMINATION 2006 99 th percentile LICENSURE 2004-2007 Texas State Medical Board- Institutional 2006-Present Medical Board of California: #A98255 2010 American Board of Plastic Surgery HOSPITAL PRIVILEGES UCLA Ronald Reagan Medical Center Veterans Administration Wadsworth West Los Angeles, CA ACADEMIC AFFILIATIONS AND ACTIVITIES 2010-Present 2004-Present David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine Assistant Clinical Professor Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Journal Guest Reviewer 2006 Volunteer Faculty 25 th Silver Anniversary Dallas Rhinoplasty Symposium. Volunteer Faculty- Anatomy Lab 2
2009 Faculty 26 th Annual Dallas Rhinoplasty Symposium. Invited Adjunct Faculty 2010 Co-Chairman/Faculty 29 th Pan-Pacific Surgical Association-Plastic Surgery Symposium Honolulu, Hawaii Moderator/Speaker- Ethnic Rhinoplasty and Periorbital Rejuvenation 2010 Faculty 27 th Annual Dallas Rhinoplasty Symposium. Invited Faculty/Speaker 2011 Faculty 28 th Annual Dallas Rhinoplasty Symposium. Invited Faculty/Speaker/Panelist 2011 American Society of Plastic Surgeons Active Member 2012 Rhinoplasty Society Active Member and Parliamenterian RESEARCH ACTIVITIES 2002-2004 Case Western Reserve University & Zeeba Medical Campus Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Preceptor: Bahman Guyuron, M.D. 1999-2001 Southern Illinois University School of Medicine Institute for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Microsurgery Research Laboratory Concurrent with UW Medical School Preceptor: Michael W. Neumeister, M.D. 1998-2000 University of Wisconsin Medical School Microsurgery Research Laboratory Preceptor: Stephen P. Hardy, M.D. 3
1998 (Summer) Children s Hospital Los Angeles Summer Research Externship Preceptor: John F. Reinisch, M.D. 1994-1995 University of California-Irvine Department of Evolutionary Biology Preceptor: Michael Rose, Ph.D. PUBLICATIONS 1. Andrews K, Ghavami A, Mowlavi A, Goldfarb JN. The Youthful Forehead: Placement of Skin Incisions in Hidden Furrows. Dermatol Surgery 26(5):489-90, 2000 2. Mowlavi A, Ghavami A, Song Y, Neumeister MW. Limited Use of Cyclosporin A in Skeletal Muscle Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Ann Plast Surg 46(4):426-30, 2001 3. Ghavami A, Nutt MP, Hardy SP. Heat Shock Protein and High-Dose Aspirin: Effects on random Skin Flap Survival in a Rat Model. Ann Plast Surg 48(1):60-7, 2002 4. Behmand RA, Ghavami A, Guyuron B. Nasal Tip Sutures Part I: The Evolution. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 112(4): 1125-29, 2003 5. Mowlavi A, Meldrum GD, Wilhelmi BJ, Ghavami A, Zook EG. The Aesthetic Earlobe: Classification of Lobule Ptosis Based on a Survey of North American Caucasians. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 112(1): 266-72, 2003 6. Mowlavi A, Masouem M, Ghavami A, Meldrum DG, Wilhelmi BJ. Three Gauze Wraps Provide Improved Temperature Control During Transportation of Amputated Tissue. Journal of Burns and Wounds. 3(1): 11, 2004 7. Guyuron B, Ghavami A, Wishnek S. Components of the Short Nostril. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 116(5): 1517-1524, 2005 8. Ghavami A, Oishi SN. CME- Thumb Trapeziometacarpal Arthritis: Treatment with Ligament Reconstruction Tendon Interposition Arthroplasty. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 117(6): 116e- 28e, 2006 9. Ghavami A, Janis JE, Guyuron B. Regarding the Treatment of Dynamic Nasal Tip Ptosis with Botulinum Toxin A. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 118(1): 263-64, 2006 10. Rohrich RJ, Ghavami A, Crosby MA. The Role of Hyaluronic Acid Fillers in Facial Cosmetic Surgery: Review and Technical Considerations. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 120: 41S, 2007. 11. Ghavami A, Pessa JA, Janis JE, Reece E, Khosla R, Rohrich RJ. The Orbicularis Retaining Ligament of the Medial Orbit: Closing the Circle. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 121(3): 1229, 2008 12. Janis JE, Ghavami A, Lemmon JA, Leedy JE, Guyuron B. Anatomy of the Corrugator Supercilii Part I: Corrugator Topography. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 120: 1647, 2007 4
13. Janis JE, Ghavami A, Lemmon JA, Leedy JE, Guyuron B. Anatomy of the Corrugator Supercilii Part II: Supraorbital Nerve Branching Patterns. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 121:233, 2008 14. Lemmon JA, Ahmad J, Ghavami A, Bidic SM. Vacuum-assisted closure over an external fixation device. Plast and Reconst Surg. 121: 234e, 2008 15. Ghavami A, Janis JE, Acikel C, Rohrich RJ. Tip shaping in primary rhinoplasty: An algorithmic approach. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 122: 1229, 2008 16. Rohrich RJ, Ghavami A. Rhinoplasty for middle eastern noses. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 133:1343, 2009 17. Rohrich RJ, Ghavami A, Lemmon JA. Individualized Component Facelift: Developing a systematic approach to facial rejuvenation. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 123: 1050, 2009 18. Reece EM, Ghavami A, Hoxworth RE, Alvarez SA, Hatef DA, Brown S, Rohrich RJ. Primary breast augmentation today: A survey of current breast augmentation practice patterns. Aesthetic Surgery Journal. 29: 116, 2009 19. Janis JE, Trussler A, Ghavami A, Rohrich RJ, Gunter JP. The lower lateral crura turnover flap in primary rhinoplasty. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 123:1830, 2009 20. Discussion of Daniel RK. Middle Eastern Rhinoplasty in the United States: Parts 1 and 2. Ghavami A and Rohrich RJ. Plastic and Reconstructive Sureryg. 124(5), 1649, 2009. 21. Rohrich RJ, Ghavami A, Mojallal A. The five-step lower lid blepharoplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2011 Sep;128(3):775-83 22. REPLY to Gradinger G: Rohrich RJ, Ghavami A, Mojallal A. The five-step lower lid blepharoplasty. In Press.Plast Reconstr Surg. 2012 May;129(5):841e-2e; author reply 842e-3e 23. Ghavami A, Hatef D, Janis JE, Rohrich RJ. Topography and dimensions of the depressor anguli oris muscle. In progress. Plast and Reconstr Surg PRESENTATIONS/ ABSTRACTS 1. Thromboembolic Complications of Liposuction Bresnick SD, Rosso RF, Ghavami A, Reinisch JF. Plast. Surg. Forum Pg.220-222, 1999 Presented by Ghavami: Grand Rounds.. University of Wisconsin Medical School. Sept., 2001 and Presented by Bresnick: ASPRS/PSEF/ASMS Annual Scientific Meeting. New Orleans, LA. Oct., 1999. 2. Effects of the Number of Moist Gauze Wraps on Subcutaneous Temperature of Cadaveric Fingers. Meldrum GD, Mowlavi A, Ghavami A, Neumeister MW. Presented by Meldrum: AAHS Annual Meeting. Cancun, Mexico. January 2002. 5
3. Clinical Utility of Cyclosporin A and Thymoglobulin against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rat Skeletal Muscle. Meldrum, DG, Mowlavi A, Naffziger R, Ghavami A, Wilhelmi B, Neumeister MW, O'Conner T. Presented by Meldrum: American Society for Reconstructive Microsurgery (ASRM) Annual Meeting. Cancun, Mexico. January 2002 4. Effect of Vitamin E Hemisuccinate on Ischemic/Reperfusion Injury. Medling BD, Mowlavi A, Ghavami A, Wilhelmi BJ, Neumeister MW. Presented by Medling: Plastic Surgery Research Council Annual Meeting. Boston, MA, 2002 5. The Aesthetic Earlobe Shape: Ptosis and Pseudoptosis, Classification, Age-Related Change, and Effects of Rhytidectomy. Mowlavi A, Meldrum GD, Ghavami A, Kalkanis J, Wilhelmi BJ, Zook EG. Presented by Mowlavi. American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ASAPS) Annual Meeting. Boston, MA. May, 2003. 6. Insulinoma. Ghavami A. Presented by Ghavami: Surgical Grand Rounds. Metrohealth Medical Center. September, 2003. 7. Components of the Short Nostril. Ghavami A, Guyuron B. Presented by Ghavami: The Ohio Valley Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Annual Meeting. Cleveland, OH. June, 2004. 8 Flexor Tendon Injuries Part I. Ghavami A. August 2004 9 Flexor Tendon Injuries Part II. Ghavami A. August 2004 10 Hand Fractures Part I. Ghavami A. September 2004 11 Hand Fractures Part II. Ghavami A. September 2004 12 Replantation. Ghavami A. October 2004 13. Macrodactyly. Ghavami A. November 2004 14. Hand Anatomy. Ghavami A. December 2004 6
15. Thumb Carpometacarpal Arthritis: Diagnosis and Treatment. Ghavami A. January 2005 16. Peripheral Nerve Injuries Ghavami A. February 2005 17. Radial Nerve Palsy: Tendon Transfers Ghavami A. March 2005 18. Kienbock s Disease Ghavami A. April 2005 19. Nerve Injuries: Optimized Treatment Ghavami A Presented by Ghavami: Hand Surgery Grand Rounds. Texas Scottish Rite Hospital. May 2005 20. The Corrugator Superciili Muscle: An Anatomic Reaprraisal. Ghavami A, Janis JE, Lemmon JA, Leedy JE, Guyuron B. Presented by Ghavami. American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ASAPS). Annual Meeting. Orlando, FL. April, 2006. 21. The Orbicularis Retaining Ligament and Arcus Marginalis of the Upper Periorbita: Closing the Circle. Ghavami A, Pessa JA, Janis JE, Reece E, Khosla R, Rohrich RJ. Presented by Ghavami. Texas Society of Plastic Surgeons (TSPS) Annual Meeting. Frisco, TX September, 2006. 22. The Orbicularis Retaining Ligament: Closing the Circle. Ghavami A, Pessa JA, Janis JE, Reece E, Khosla R, Rohrich RJ. Presented by Ghavami. American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ASAPS). Annual Meeting. New York, NY. April, 2007 23. Ethnic Rhinoplasty: Lessons Learned. Presented by Ghavami. Plastic Surgery Grand Rounds. University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. 2007 24. Middle Eastern Rhinoplasty Presented by Ghavami. 28 th Pan-Pacific Surgical Association-Plastic Surgery Symposium Honolulu, HI 2008 25. New Directions in Periorbital Anatomy Presented by Ghavami. 28 th Pan-Pacific Surgical Association-Plastic Surgery Symposium Honolulu, HI 2008 26. Anatomical Considerations in Facial Rejuvenation Presented by Ghavami. 29 th Pan-Pacific Surgical Association-Plastic Surgery Symposium Honolulu, HI 2010 27. Ethnic Rhinoplasty Presented by Ghavami. 29 th Pan-Pacific Surgical Association-Plastic Surgery Symposium Honolulu, HI 2010 7
28. Buttock Shaping Made Simple Presented by Ghavami. 29 th Pan-Pacific Surgical Association-Plastic Surgery Symposium Honolulu, HI 2010 29. The Middle Eastern Nose Presented by Ghavami. 27 th Annual Dallas Rhinoplasty Symposium Dallas, TX 2010 30. The Middle Eastern Nose Presented by Ghavami. 28 th Annual Dallas Rhinoplasty Symposium Dallas, TX 2011 31. Ethnic and Secondary Rhinoplasty Panel Gunter J, Guyuron B, Byrd S, Ghavami A, Ha R. 28 th Annual Dallas Rhinoplasty Symposium Dallas, TX 2011 32. Ethnic and Secondary Rhinoplasty Panel Gunter J, Guyuron B, Byrd S, Ghavami A, Ha R. 28 th Annual Dallas Rhinoplasty Symposium Dallas, TX 2011 33. The lower lateral crura: Transection, transposition, and struts. Presented by Ghavami. 16 th Annual Rhinoplasty Society Annual Meeting. Boston, MA 2011 34. Ethnic Rhinoplasty Presented by Ghavami. 30 th Pan-Pacific Surgical Association-Plastic Surgery Symposium Honolulu, HI 2012 35. Lower Eyelid Rejuvenation: Anatamoy and Clinical Applications Presented by Ghavami. 30 th Pan-Pacific Surgical Association-Plastic Surgery Symposium Honolulu, HI 2012 36. Buttock Shaping with Fat Transfer Presented by Ghavami. 30 th Pan-Pacific Surgical Association-Plastic Surgery Symposium Honolulu, HI 2012 37. Fat Trasfer to the Buttock: Techniques and Principle 3 rd International Fat Grafting Forum New Orleans 2012 38. The Middle Eastern Nose Presented by Ghavami. 29 th Annual Dallas Rhinoplasty Symposium Dallas, TX 2012 39. Ethnic and Secondary Rhinoplasty Panel Gunter J, Calvert, Ghavami A, Ha R. 29 th Annual Dallas Rhinoplasty Symposium Dallas, TX 2012 40. Clinical Analysis Panel Gunter J, Rohrich RJ, Ghavami A, Calvert J, Kim D. 29 th Annual Dallas Rhinoplasty Symposium Dallas, TX 2012 41. Multicultural Rhinoplasty Panel Ghavami A, Daniel R, Gebault O ASAPS Annual Meeting, Vacouver, B.C., May 2012 8
AWARDS May 1998 May 1998 October 2003 June 2004 April 2006 McGraw-Hill Publication Award MSA (Medical Student Association) Award 2003 PSEF Scientific Essay Contest Clinical Research Junior Award. ASPS/PSEF/ASMS Annual Scientific Meeting San Diego, CA. October, 2003. The Aesthetic Earlobe Shape: Ptosis and Pseudoptosis, Classification, Age- Related Change,and Effects of Rhytidectomy Mowlavi A, Meldrum GD, Ghavami A, Wilhelmi BJ, Zook EG. Smith and Nephew Wound Management Division Best Clinical Paper, Non-OVSPS Program. The Ohio Valley Society of Plastic Surgeons Annual Meeting Cleveland, OH. June, 2004. Components of the Short Nostril Ghavami A, Guyuron B. Gaspar W. Anastasi Award. American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ASAPS) Annual Meeting. Orlando, FL. April, 2006. The Corrugator Supercilii Muscle: An Anatomic Reaprraisal Ghavami A, Janis JE, Lemmon JA, Leedy JE, Guyuron B Sept 2006 June 2007 First Place Scientific Award Texas Society of Plastic Surgeons Annual Meeting Frisco, TX, September, 2006. The Orbicularis Retaining Ligament and Arcus Marginalis of the Upper Periorbita: Closing the Circle Ghavami A, Pessa JA, Janis JE, Reece E, Khosla R, Rohrich RJ Excellence in Research Award The Univerity of Texas Southwestern Medical School Department of Plastic Surgery BOOK CHAPTERS 1. Ghavami A. Genioplasty. In: Janis JE (Ed.) Essentials of Plastic Surgery. Quality Medical Publishing. St. Louis, MO. 2006 2. Ghavami A. Soft Tissue Coverage of the Hand. In: Janis JE (Ed.) Essentials of Plastic Surgery. Quality Medical Publishing. St. Louis, MO. 2006 3. Ghavami A. Replantation. In: Janis JE (Ed.) Essentials of Plastic Surgery. Quality Medical Publishing. St. Louis, MO. 2006 4. Ghavami A. Nerve Injuries. In: Janis JE (Ed.) Essentials of Plastic Surgery. Quality Medical Publishing. St. Louis, MO. 2006 9
5. Ghavami A. Brachial Plexus. In: Janis JE (Ed.) Essentials of Plastic Surgery. Quality Medical Publishing. St. Louis, MO. 2006 6. Ghavami A. Congenital Deformities of the Hand. In: Janis JE (Ed.) Essentials of Plastic Surgery. Quality Medical Publishing. St. Louis, MO. 2006 7. Ghavami A. Rheumatoid Arthritis. In: Janis JE (Ed.) Essentials of Plastic Surgery. Quality Medical Publishing. St. Louis, MO. 2006 8. Ghavami A. Osteoarthritis. In: Janis JE (Ed.) Essentials of Plastic Surgery. Quality Medical Publishing. St. Louis, MO. 2 9. Rohrich RJ, Ghavami A. The Middle Eastern Nose. In: Gunter JP, Rohrich RJ, and Adams WP Jr. (Eds). Dallas Rhinoplasty: Nasal Surgery by the Masters (2 nd Edition). Quality Medical Publishing. St. Louis, MO. 2007 10. Janis JE, Ghavami A, Rohrich RJ. Tip Refinement and Projection: A Predictable and Algorithmic Approach to Tip Refinement and Projection. In: Gunter JP, Rohrich RJ, and Adams WP Jr. (Eds). Dallas Rhinoplasty: Nasal Surgery by the Masters (2 nd Edition). Quality Medical Publishing. St. Louis, MO. 2007 11. Ghavami A and Rohrich RJ. The Ethnic Rhinoplasty. In: Aston SJ et al. (Eds). Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. Elsevier. May 2009 12. Ghavami A, Rohrich RJ. Rhinoplasty. In: Janis JE (Ed.) Essentials in Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. Quality Medical Publishing. St. Louis, MO. 2009 13. Ghavami A, Mendieta C. Gluteal Augmentation. In: Janis JE (Ed.) Essentials in Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. Quality Medical Publishing. St. Louis, MO. 2009 14. Ghavami A, Nahai F. Upper Blepharoplasty. In: Janis JE (Ed Essentials in Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. Quality Medical Publishing. St. Louis, MO. 2009 15. Ghavami A, Rohrich RJ. Non-Permanent Fillers. In: Janis JE (Ed.) Essentials in Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. Quality Medical Publishing. St. Louis, MO. 2009 16. Ghavami A. Guyuron RJ. Genioplasty. In: Janis JE (Ed.) Essentials in Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. Quality Medical Publishing. St. Louis, MO. 2009 17. Ghavami A. Revision Middle Eastern Rhinoplasty. In: Shiffman M (Ed.) Advanced Rhinoplasty. Thieme (In Press) 18. Ghavami A. Tip Shaping in Rhinoplasty. In: Shiffman M (Ed.) Advanced Rhinoplasty. Thieme (In Press) MEETINGS ATTENDED American Society of Plastic Surgeons/ (ASPS/ASMS/PSEF) Annual Scientific Meeting. San Diego, California October 2003 Ohio Valley Society Plastic Surgeons (OVSPS) Annual Meeting, Cleveland, Ohio June 2004 10
American Society for Surgery of the Hand (ASSH) Annual Meeting, New York, New York. September 2004 22 nd Dallas Rhinoplasty Symposium.. March 2005 Body Contouring After Massive Weight Loss Symposium.. March 2005 23 rd Dallas Rhinoplasty Symposium. March 2006 Body Contouring After Massive Weight Loss Symposium.. March 2006 (Live Surgery-Assistant Director) American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ASAPS) Annual Meeting. Orlando, Florida. April 2006 Texas Society of Plastic Surgeons Annual Meeting Frisco, Texas. September 2006 24 th Dallas Rhinoplasty Symposium. March 2007 11 th Annual Advances and Controversies in Cosmetic Surgery. March 2007 Body Contouring After Massive Weight Loss Symposium.. March 2007 (Live Surgery/ Co-Surgeon) American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ASAPS) Annual Meeting. New York, NY. April 2007 28 th Pan-Pacific Surgical Association Meeting-Hawaii Plastic Surgery Symposium Honolulu, HI 2008 25 th Silver Anniversary Dallas Rhinoplasty Symposium. March 2008 (Volunteer Faculty) 26 th Anniversary Dallas Rhinoplasty Symposium. March 2009 (Adjunct Faculty) 12 th Annual Dallas Cosmetic Surgery Symposium. March 2009 29 th Pan-Pacific Surgical Association Meeting-Hawaii Plastic Surgery Symposium Honolulu, HI 2010 27 th Anniversary Dallas Rhinoplasty Symposium. March 2010 (Adjunct Faculty) 13 th Annual Dallas Cosmetic Surgery Symposium. March 2010 14 th Annual Dallas Cosmetic Surgery Symposium. March 2011 28 th Anniversary Dallas Rhinoplasty Symposium. March 2011 (Adjunct Faculty) 11
American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ASAPS) Annual Meeting. Boston, MA. April 2011 16 th Annual Rhinoplasty Society Meeting. May 2011 TELEVISION MEDIA APPEARANCES GOOD MORNING AMERICA, THE DOCTORS, EXTRA, NBC, CBS KTLA, DISCOVERY CHANNEL, TYRA, TELEMUNDO, SUB-INTERNSHIP Aug. 2000 Sept. 2000 University of Wisconsin Medical School University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics Chief of Division: Michael L. Bentz, M.D. University of Southern California/ Keck School of Medicine USC University Hospital/LAC+USC Hospital Chief of Division: Randy Sherman, M.D. EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES 2007 Assistant Surgeon-Live Surgery Body Contouring After Massive Weight Loss Symposium.. March 2007 2006 Assistant Director-Live Surgery Body Contouring After Massive Weight Loss Symposium.. March 2006 2000 Medical School Applicant Interviewer 1998-2001 Surgery Interest Group 1998 Medical Student Anatomy Demonstration Project 1997-1999 Medical Students for the Arts (MFA) 1997-1998 Doctors Ought-to Care (DOC) 1997-1998 Medical Student Association (MSA) 1997-1998 University of Wisconsin Medical School Class of 2001-President 1996-1997 Los Angeles County +USC Hospital (LAC+USC) Department of Medicine, Volunteer 12
1995-1996 Western Medical Center Operating and Emergency Rooms, Volunteer PERSONAL INTERESTS Acoustic and Electric Guitar- Jazz, Ethnic, Blues, Rock Percussions- Dombak, Jimbay Sculpting Yoga Film Creative Writing Languages: Farsi (fluent), Spanish (partial) 13