School and Teacher Programs 2013 2014 Teacher Professional Development Workshop Mesopotamia to the Mediterranean December 12, 2012 Mesopotamia to the Mediterranean I. Timeline of the Ancient World A. c. 3000 BCE- 1200 BCE 1.Africa a. Egypt i. Prehistoric: before 3100 BCE 1. Beginning of the Egyptian Kingdom 2. Creation of pottery, tools, everyday objects a. Bowl with hippopotami, Naqada I, 3850-3650 BCE, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 11.312 3. Beginning of hieroglyphics ii. Archaic: 3110-2686 BCE 1. Creation of masks, figures, furniture a. Face from a composite statue, Dynasty I, 2960-2770 BCE, wood, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 60.1181 2. Using more materials to show wealth a. Vessel with lid, Dynasty II, reign of Khasekhemwy, 2676-2649 BCE, dolomite, gold, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 01.7287 3. Continuing with previous traditions a. Cylindrical jar, Dynasties 2-3, c. 2750-2575 BCE, travertine, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 56.170 iii. Old Kingdom: 2686-2160 BCE 1.Beginning of Golden Age of Pyramid Construction a. Pyramid of Khafre at Giza, Dynasty IV, reign of Khafre, 2520-2494 BCE, photograph, Harvard University- Museum of Fine Arts Expedition Photograph 2. Beginning of mummification a. Bust of Prince Ankhaf, Dynasty IV, reign of Khafre, 2520-2494 BCE, painted limestone, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 27.442 b. King Menkaure and Queen, Dynasty IV, reign of Menkaure, 2490-2472 BCE,
greywacke, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 11.17385 3. Increase in decoration, statues, number of rooms, and temple use a. Pseudo- group statue of Penmeru, Dynasty V, 2465-2323 BCE, limestone, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 12.1484 b. False door of Redines, Dynasty V, 2465-2150 BCE, limestone, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 21.961a- c 4. Moving toward decentralization of government a. Body covering, Dynasty VI, 2465-2150 BCE, plaster, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 39.828 b. Funerary furniture of Impy, Dynasty VI, reign of Pepy II, 2246-2152 BCE. Copper, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 13.2938a, 13.2944, 13.2954, 13.2957, 13.3237 iv.. First Intermediate Period: 2160-2040 BCE 1. Development of Osiris a. Stela of the Nubian soldier Nenu, Dynasty IX to early Dynasty XI, about 2100-2040 BCE, painted limestone, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 03.1848 v. Middle Kingdom: 2040-1786 BCE 1. Enhancement of the Mummy a. Mummy mask, Dynasty XI to early Dynasty XII, 2140-1926 BCE, cartonnage b. Outer coffin of Djehutynakht, Late Dynasty XI or early Dynasty XII, 2040-1926 BCE, painted cedar, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 1987.54 2. Large sculptures used for the Ka a. Statue of Lady Sennuwy, Dynasty XII, reign of Senwosret I, 1971-1926 BCE, granodiorite, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 14.720 b. Statue of an anonymous official, Dynasty XIII, 1783-1640 BCE, granodiorite, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 14.723 vi. Second Intermediate Period: 1786-1567 BCE
2. Near East 1. Higher level of detail in works a. Rishi coffin, Dynasty XVII, about 1640-1550 BCE, painted sycamore, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 1987.490a- b vii. New Kingdom(Empire Period): 1567-1085 BCE 1. Creation of the Book of the Dead 2. Queen Hatshepsut ruled a. Sarcophagus of Queen Hatshepsut recut for her father, Thutmose I, Dynasty XVIII, reign of Hatshepsut, 1473-1458 BCE, painted quartzite, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 04.278 b. Detail of north wall of burial chamber of Sobekmose, Dynasty XVIII, reign of Amenhotep III, 1390-1352 BCE, sandstone, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 54.648 a. Mesopotamia i. Chalcolithic Period: 5500-3000 BCE 1. Development of baked bricks, monumental architecture, temples, city walls, lost- wax casting, cities, villages, seals, materials a. Susa A bowl, c. 4000 BCE, Roaf, Michael. Cultural Atlas of Mesopotamia and the Ancient Near East. New York: File on Fire, 1990 ii. Early Bronze Age: 3000-2000 BCE 1. Development of cuneiform script and city states a. Stone statue from Khafajeh, c. 2500 BCE, Roaf, Michael. Cultural Atlas of Mesopotamia and the Ancient Near East. New York: File on Fire, 1990 2. Dynasty of Ur a. Ziggurat of Ur, Third Dynasty BCE iii. Middle Bronze Age: 2000-1600 BCE 1. Early alphabet 2. Egyptian influence a. Faience mask from Tell al- Rimah, c. 1350 BCE, Roaf, Michael. Cultural Atlas of Mesopotamia and the Ancient Near East. New York: File on Fire, 1990
iv.. Late Bronze Age: 1600-1200 BCE 1. Creation of glazed pottery a. Horse head on a relief from Dur- Sharrukin, c. 710 BCE, Roaf, Michael. Cultural Atlas of Mesopotamia and the Ancient Near East. New York: File on Fire, 1990 v. Iron Age: 1200-300 BCE 1.Coins, brass, Aramaic, cavalry a. Stele from Neirab near Aleppo, c. 600 BCE, Roaf, Michael. Cultural Atlas of Mesopotamia and the Ancient Near East. New York: File on Fire, 1990 3. Europe/Mediterranean a. Crete/Greece i. Neolithic: 6000-2900 BCE 1. Evidence of food producing, hut construction, and some trade on the mainland ii. Early Bronze: 2900-2000 BCE 1. Beginning of Minoan Civilization a. Palace at Knossos, Crete b. Bull Leaping Fresco, Palace at Knossos, Crete iii. Middle Bronze: 2000-1600 BCE 1. Beginning of Mycenaean Civilization a. pottery, frescoes, figures and figurines b. Grave Circle A iv. Late Bronze: 1600-1050 BCE 1. End of Minoan Civilization a. form of writing i. Linear A ii. Linear B 2. End of Mycenaean Civilization a. The Lion Gate, c. 1250 BCE, Mycenae, limestone b. Mask of Agamemnon, c. 1550-1500 BCE, Mycenae, gold, National Archeological Museum of Athens b. Italy i. Neolithic: 5000-2000 BCE 1.Early cultural evidence
B. c. 1000 BCE- 500 AD 1. Africa a. Egypt i. New Kingdom(Empire Period): 1567-1085 BCE 1. Reign of King Tutankhamen a. Head of King Tutankhamen, Dynasty XVIII, reign of Tutankhamen, 1336-1327 BCE, sandstone, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 11.1523 ii. Late Period(Post- Empire Period): 1085-332 BCE 1. Greco- Roman influence a. Pendant on a chain, Dynasties XXI- XXIV, 1070-712 BCE, gold with glass inlays, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 68.836 b. Statue of Khonsuiraa, Dynasty XXV, c. 760-660 BCE, black stone, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 07.494 2. High advancement of Mummy case and mummification a. Mummy case with mummy of Tabes, Dynasty XXII, 945-712 BCE, cartonnage with human remains, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 72.4820c iii. Ptolemaic Period: 332-30 BCE 1. Alexander the Great founds Alexandria, leaves general Ptolemy in charge a. Detail of gateway of Ptolemy VIII, Ptolemaic Dynasty, reign of Ptolemy VIII, 170-116 BCE, painted sandstone, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 24.1632-33 2. Near East a. Mesopotamia i. Iron Age: c. 1200-300 BCE 1.Persian Rule a. Head of blue paste from Persepolis, c. 450 BCE, Roaf, Michael. Cultural Atlas of Mesopotamia and the Ancient Near East. New York: File on Fire, 1990 3. Europe/Mediterranean a. Greece
i. Iron Age:1050-900 BCE 1. Also known as the Greek Dark Ages, not a lot of artistic development but the use of Iron was prevalent ii. Geometric: 900-700 BCE 1. Development of Greek city- states 2. Cultural revival of epic poetry and visual arts a. Deer and fawn, Greek, Geometric period, 8 th century BCE, bronze, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 98.650 b. Two- handled jar (amphora), Attributed to the Birdseed Painter, Greek, Late Geometric period, 735-720 BCE, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 98.894 iii. Archaic: 700-480 BCE 1. Transition from geometric patterning to more naturalistic depictions of figures, influence of Egypt and Near East a. Funerary monument (stele) with an athlete, Greek, Archaic period, c. 550 BCE, marble, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 08.288 b. Water jar (hydria) with the chariot of Achilles dragging the corpse of Hektor, Attributed to the Antiope Group, Greek, Archaic period, c. 520-510 BCE, ceramic, black- figure technique, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 63.473 iv.. Classical: 480-323 BCE 1. Further increase in naturalism of the human form, emphasis on marble a. Mixing bowl (krater) with scenes from the fall of Troy, Attributed to the Altamura Painter, Greek, Early Classical period, c. 470-460, ceramic, red- figure technique, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 59.178 b. Three- sided relief with Aphrodite, Eros, and Demeter, Greek, Classical period, c. 450-440, marble, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 08.205 2. Rise in Athens as superpower of Greece
a. Acropolis, Athens, 5 th century BCE v. Hellenistic: 323-31 BCE 1. Alexander the Great conquered most of the known world, death of Alexander is beginning of Hellenistic 2. The most advanced naturalism techniques thus far of the Ancient Greek world a. Eros wearing the lion skin of Herakles, East Greek, Hellenistic period, late 1 st century BCE, terracotta, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 00.321 b. Aphrodite ( The Bartlett Head ), Greek, Late Classical/Early Hellenistic period, c. 330-300 BCE, marble, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 03.743 b. Italy (Etruscans) i. Copper and Bronze Age: 2000-1000 BCE 1. Increasing rise of metal work, burial practices, use of copper and bronze increased in Po River Valley ii. Iron Age: 1000-750 BCE 1. Heavy use of iron in products iii. Villanovan Culture: 900-500 BCE 1. Rise in urban development, burial planning, manufacturing of bronze and iron 2. Beginning of Etruscan civilization a. Biconical urn, Villanovan, c. 9 th century BCE, blended ceramic, Vatican Museum iv.. Orientalizing Period: 750-575 BCE 1. Emphasis on the creation of pottery, influenced by the Greeks a. Globular cup with two handles, late 6 th century BCE, Etruscan, terracotta, Metropolitan Museum of Art v. Archaic Period: 575-490 BCE 1. Development of jewelry production a. Earrings, Etruscans, Archaic period, c. 6 th century BCE, gold, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 03.765-766 2. Creation of Bucchero style of pottery
Teacher Professional Development Workshop a. Vase in shape of a cock, late 7 th century BCE, Etruscan, terracotta, Metropolitan Museum of Art 3. Construction of Theater in Syracuse vi. Classical Period: 490-300 BCE 1. Influence of the Greeks brings emphasis on naturalism and idealism a. Plaques (pinakes) with musicians, Etruscan, Late Archaic/ Early Classical period, c. 470 BCE, painted terracotta, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 62.363, 62.362 b. Fish plate, Close to the style of the D Agostino Painter, South Italian, Late Classical period, c. 350-325 BCE, ceramic, red- figure technique, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 01.8096 2. Temple of Veii constructed vii. Hellenistic Period: 300-90 BCE 1. Highly naturalized and idealized figures, following the Greek influence a. African youth, Greek or Roman, Hellenistic or Imperial period, 1 st century BCE- 1 st century AD, black steatite, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 01.8210