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Attractiveness Fades Quicker Than Color: Lay Person Ratings of Age and Beauty on Female Facial Photographs in Comparison to Color Measurements Stephan Bielfeldt, Marianne Brandt, Klaus-Peter Wilhelm 2
What is Facial Attractiveness? Human senses but not image analysis tools can quantify facial attractiveness from images Attractiveness is a direct feeling of like and attraction to what is experienced (spontaneous and immediate judgement) Measurement in images is (only) able to assess objective visual cosmetic parameters (color intensity, covering power, color homogeneity) 3
Pattern of Attractiveness, Which and Why? Facial signs of youth and health evoke the feeling of attractiveness Uneven, inhomogeneous facial appearance (wrinkles, pigmented spots, blemishes, sagging, eyebags) reduce attractiveness In women (but not men) an accentuation of eyes and mouth (increased facial contrast) is a sign of youth and therefore perceived as attractive Rating of attractiveness is not depending on age and gender of the rater Evolution: Quick identification of youth and health are important for a successful sexual reproduction Therefore an immediately resulting sensation of attraction is of advantage 4
Decorative Cosmetic Provides Short Time Anti Aging Efficacy Uneven, inhomogeneous facial appearance as wrinkles, pigmented spots or blemishes can be evened out with decorative cosmetics Mascara, Lipstick and Rouge are bringing the healthy color of young women into female faces Though only for hours, decorative cosmetics deliver a younger and more attractive look 5
Time Dependant Depletion of Decorative Dosmetics: How Does Color Loss Influence the Attractiveness? 1 2 1 2 1 2 Treatment of 12 female stimulus persons, aged between 19 and 39 years Application of 2 sets of decorative cosmetics by a beautician Set 1 (low priced): Mascara, tinted daycream, lipgloss Set 2 (high priced): Mascara, cream make-up, lipstick Clinical photography (front view, closed eyes) Before product application (without decorative cosmetics) 1 minutes, 1 hour, 3 hours and 6 hours after product application Image analysis of the photographs (L*a*b* - color analysis) Visual assessments of photographs by 18 raters 6
Image Analysis of the Photographs (L*a*b* - Color Analysis) L* a* 1/stddev. b* 7
Raters Assessment of Make up Covering Power 1 % [1 min. after appl.] X % % [no make-up] X % = 1, 3, 6 h after application Task: Assessment of the center image 8
Assessment of Lipstick and Mascara by the Raters % [no make-up] X % 1 % [1 min. after appl.] Lipstick evaluation Mascara evaluation X % = 1, 3, 6 h after application 9
Covering Power of Mascara: Rating vs. Image Analysis L* Percentage Score and 95% CI 1 8 6 4 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Low Price Mascara High Price Mascara Mean L* and 95% CI 15. 13. 11. 9. 7. 5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Low Price Mascara High Price Mascara 1
Covering Power of Lipstick: Rating vs. Image Analysis a* Percentage Score and 95% CI 1 8 6 4 2 Lipgloss Lipstick Percentage a* a* and and 95% 95% Cl CI 1 8 6 4 2 Lipgloss Lipstick a* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 11
Covering Power of Make-Up: Rating vs. Image Analysis of b* and Homogeneity Percentage Score and 95% CI 1 8 6 4 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Tinted Daycream Make Up Mean 1/StDev on b* and 95% CI Mean b* and 95% CI.8.75.7.65.6.55.5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 25. 23. Tinted Daycream Make Up 21. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Tinted Daycream Make Up 12
Assessment of Attractiveness -5 +5 1 min after appl. vs. X X = before and 1, 3, 6 h after application 13
Assessment of Age 2 years younger 2 years younger 1 min after appl. vs. X X = before and 1, 3, 6 h after application 14
Results of Attractiveness Rating versus Covering Power Attractiveness Difference direct afte Percentage 11 1 High priced set 9 Low priced set 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Hours after Product Application Hours Hours after Product Application Application Covering Power Lips Covering Power Make-up Percentage Score and 95% CI 1 8 6 4 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Product Application Covering Power Mascara Tinted Daycream Make Up Percentage Score and 95% CI 1 8 6 4 2 Lipgloss Lipstick 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Product Application Percentage Score and 95% CI 1 8 6 4 2 Low Price Mascara High Price Mascara 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Hours Hours after Product Application Application 15
Results of Attractiveness Rating versus Age assessment Attractiveness Age Assessment Difference Percentage direct afte 11 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Percentage X Years Younger 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Hours after Applicaton High priced set Low priced set 16
Is Eye Cosmetic Unimportant for Attractiveness? Tinted daycream + lipgloss Tinted daycream + lipgloss + eye cosmetic Applied cosmetics 1. Tinted daycream, lipgloss 2. Plus high price decorative eye cosmetics (mascara for eyelashes + eye liner pencil for eyebrows and for lower eyelids) Assessment on 12 stimulus persons, aged between 2 and 37 years Assessment by 18 raters 17
Study Design II: Visual Assessment -5 +5 Before appl. of decorative eye cosmetics After appl. of decorative eye cosmetics 18
Result of Attractiveness Assessment 6 5 Difference Difference (with (with - without) - w % of % Attractiveness of Attractrivene 4 3 2 1 Immediately After Product after Application 19
Summary Devices cannot measure attractiveness but rating of blinded image pairs enable a good quantification of attractiveness Covering power alone is only partly explaining the effects of decorative cosmetics depletion over time Assessment of younger look: Subjects should be older than 35 years Facial attractiveness is a very sensitive global parameter for the timedependent status of decorative cosmetics Attractiveness fades quicker than the color 2
Conclusions and Perspective Even unobtrusive changes can have a clear effect on attractiveness (slight inhomogenity of lip stick, adding of Mascara) Scientific assessment of parameters which are correlated to attractiveness like radiance, fresher or younger look is gaining increased importance in the cosmetic industry The rating method described here is a good candidate to assess these desired parameters with high discriminating power 21