SJIF Impact Factor 5.990 Volume 4, Issue 5, 2324-2330. Research Article ISSN 2277 7105 FORMULATION AND EVALUTION OF HERBAL ACNE GEL M.Santhosh Aruna*, A.Sravani, V. Resshma, N.Santhi Priya, M.Surya Prabha and N.Rama Rao Department of Pharmaceutics, Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh. Article Received on 14 March 2015, Revised on 06 April 2015, Accepted on 29 April 2015 *Correspondence for Author M.Santhosh Aruna Department of Pharmaceutics, Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh. ABSTRACT Acne vulgaris is an extremely common skin disorder that affects virtually all individuals at least once during life. Acne can have important negative psychosocial consequences for the affected individual, including diminished self-esteem, social withdrawal due to embarrassment and depression. Acne represents a significant challenge to dermatologists because of its prevalence, complexicity and range of clinical expression. It is the single most common skin disease affecting 85% of teenage boys and 80% of teenage girls and can continue throughout adulthood. Treatment of acne with topical and systemic allopathic medicines results in mild to severe side effects. Hence herbs and herbal preparations play a significant role as alternative line of treatment. KEY WORDS: Acne, Herbal, Gel, Acne Vulgaris. INTRODUCTION Acne is derived from the Greek word of akme means peak or apex is gemnetic or acquired affections of the pilosebaceous units. The correct name for acne is acne vulgaris. It is characterized by the formation of inflammatory and noninflamatory lesions of the hair follicles and sebaceous glands commonly referred to as the pilosebaceous unit. [1] Acne may be classified as comedonal, papular, pustular, cystic, and nodular. Comedonal acne is non-inflammatory and divided into two types: whiteheads and blackheads. White heads (closed comedo) present as fresh or white colored, raised bumps whereas blackhead (open comedo) present as open pores containing dark colored skin roughage consisting of melanin, sebum, and follicular cells. www.wjpr.net Vol 4, Issue 05, 2015. 2324
Papules appear as red, solid, elevated lesions often less than 5 mm in diameter. Pustules are circumscribed skin elevations containing purulent material. Cysts and nodules are solid, elevated lesions involving deeper dermal and subcutaneous tissue. Cysts are less than 5 mm in diameter whereas nodules exceed 5 mm. The incidence of acne peaks of teenage, but substantial numbers of men and women between 20-30 years of age are also affected by the disorder. Micro-organisms like Propioni bacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis proliferate rapidly leading to the development of acne. The inflamed glands caused by stress, hereditary factors, hormones, drugs and bacteria. Cause of acne includes the action of sebum synthesized and secreted by the androgen-sensitive sebaceous glands, Increase in hormones called androgens in both girl and boy during puberty, Hormonal change related to pregnancy or starting or stopping birth control pills, stress, skin irritation and Heredity. [2] Gels are a relatively newer class of dosage form created by entrapment of large amounts of aqueous hydro alcoholic liquids in a network of colloidal solid particles, which may consists of inorganic substance, such as aluminum salts or organic polymers of natural or synthetic origins like the natural gums, tragacanth, carrageen, pectin, agar and alginic acid, semi synthetic materials such as methyl cellulose, hydroxy ethyl cellulose, hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose, and carboxy methyl cellulose, and a synthetic polymer carbopol. Gels are transparent to opaque semisolids containing a high ratio of solvent to gelling agent. When dispersed in an appropriate solvent, gelling agents merge or entangle to form a three dimensional colloidal network structure. This network limits fluid flow by entrapment and immobilization of solvent molecules. The network structure also responsible for the gel resistance to deformation and therefore, its viscoelastic properties. In clinical management of acne vulgaris, a considerable number of antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents are available in the global market as topical or systemic treatment modalities. Topical therapy is preferred as first-line treatment in mild acne whereas for moderate and severe type of acne, systemic therapy is required in addition to topical therapy. The medications have several adverse effects like birth defects, erythema, photosensitivity, allergic dermatitis, excessive skin irritation, urinary problem, joint and muscle pain, headache, depression etc. Many remedies have been employed to treat acne from long period. Most of the remedies were taken from plants and proved to be useful, scientifically www.wjpr.net Vol 4, Issue 05, 2015. 2325
established except for a few plants and some proprietary composite herbal drugs. The cosmetics available in the market are not reasonable for everyone. [3] Therefore, an attempt has been made for formulation of herbal acne gel which may give action for number of hours for everyone. MATERIALS AND METHODS The different parts of the plants were selected for the study having anti microbial and antiacne activity which is already proved. The lists of herbs are given in the table 1. All the materials used are analytical grade. Carbopol is used as gelling agent. Sodium hydroxide is used as ph modifier. Table 1: List of herbs with their specifications S.NO HERB NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME PART USED use 1 Mari gold Calendula officinalis Oil from flower Anti inflammatory 2 Cinnamon Cinnamomum zeylanicum Oil from bark Anti bacterial 3 Tulasi Ocimum sanctum Oil from leaves Anti acne 4 Neem Azardirachta indica Oil from leaves Anti acne 5 Turmeric Curcuma longa Powder from rhizomes Anti septic Formulation of acne Gel [4] Carbopol was sprinkled slowly in demeneralised water with constant stirring and kept overnight for hydration. After complete hydration herbal oils was added to the polymeric solution by constant stirring to get transparent gel. Ph is adjusted to body ph by using ph meter. The gel mixture was collected and store in suitable plastic container and used for doing evaluation parameters. Formulation is given Table 2. Table 2: Formulation Ingredients with Their Use Ingredient G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 Purpose Marigold oil 1ml - - 0.5ml Anti inflammatory Cinnamon oil - 1ml - - 0.2ml Anti acne Tulasi oil - - 1ml - 0.1ml Anti acne Neem oil - - - 1ml 0.1ml Anti acne Turmeric 0.5g 0.5g - - 0.5g Anti acne Rose milk - - 0.5ml 0.5ml 0.1ml Colouring agent Rose oil 0.5ml 0.5ml 0.5ml 0.5ml 0.5ml Flavoring agent Carbopol q.s to 10gm q.s to 10gm q.s to 10gm q.s to 10gm q.s to 10gm Gel base www.wjpr.net Vol 4, Issue 05, 2015. 2326
Evaluation of Antidandruff gel [5-8] 1. Physical evaluation: Physical parameters such as colour, appearance and consistency and feel were checked. Colour- The colour of the formulations was checked out against white background. Consistency- The consistency was checked by applying on skin. Greasiness- The greasiness was assessed by the application on to the skin. Odour- The odour of the gels was checked by mixing the gel in water and taking the smell. 2. Spreadability: Spreadability is expressed to denote the extent of area to which gel readily spreads on application to skin or affected part. The therapeutic efficacy of a formulation also depends upon its spreading value. Spreadability is expressed in terms of time in seconds taken by two slides to slip off from gel, placed in between the slides under the direction of certain load. It is calculated by using the formula S = M. L / T Where M = weight tied to upper slide, L = length of glass slides, T = time taken to separate the slides. 3. Washability: Formulations were applied on the skin and then ease and extent of washing with water were checked manually. 4. Extrudability study: The extrudability of formulation was determined using aluminum collapsible tubes filled with 10 g gel. Tubes were held between two clamps. A tube was compressed and extrudibility of the formulation was determined in terms of weight in grams required to extrude a 0.5 cm ribbon of gel in 10 s. 5. Viscosity study: The measurement of viscosity of the prepared gel was done using Brookfield digital Viscometer.The viscosity was measured using spindle no. 64 at 10 rpm and 25 0 C. Before measurement deaeration of gel was done and the gel was filled in appropriate wide mouth container. Samples of the gels were allowed to settle over 30 min at the assay temperature (25 ± 1 0 C) before the measurements. 6. Determination of ph: The ph of formulation was determined using digital ph meter. One gram of gel was dissolved in 100 ml of demeneralised water and stored for two hours. The www.wjpr.net Vol 4, Issue 05, 2015. 2327
measurement of ph of formulation was done in triplicate. Instrument was calibrated before use with standard buffer solutions at ph 4, 7, and 9. 7. Skin irritation test: Three healthy male rats, weighed 200-250 g were selected for the study. An area of 1 cm 2 was shaved for each rat to expose sufficient test area. The rats were divided in three group control, standard and test. Formulation was applied on the exposed area of rat labelled test whereas drug solution was applied to standard and control were untreated. The test sites were visually observed for erythema and edema daily up to seven days and compared. 8. Antibacterial Assay: The antibacterial activity of different formulations was determined by modified agar well diffusion method. [9] In this method, nutrient agar plates were seeded with 0.2 ml of 24 h broth culture of P.acnes. The plates were allowed to dry for 1 h. A sterile 8 mm borer was used to cut four wells of equidistance in each of plates; 0.5 ml of solutions of formulations, marketed herbal formulation were introduced in to the wells at randomly. The plates were incubated at 37 0 c for 24 hours. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by measuring the diameter of zones of inhibition (in mm).the experiments repeated four times RESULTS & DISCUSSION All the formulations were rose pink in color and had characteristic odor of rose oil. The formulations were glossy and translucent. On application to the skin all formulations produced smooth and cooling effect. The consistency and homogeneity of all formulations were good. The ph for all formulations ranged from 6.8-7.1, which may be suitable for topical application without discomfort. The gel formulations of coriander oil showed inhibitory effect against P. acne. The diameter of zone of inhibition shown by all the formulations (Table 3) was similar to that of crude oil which is in agreement with the fact that incorporation of drug into gel base does not decrease its antibacterial activity. The viscosities of the formulations ranged from 33.5± 0.3 to 36.4± 0.5 cps (Table 3). The viscosities of the formulations increased with increase in the carbopol content. The spreadibility and the extrudability of the formulations ranged from 40.8±0.5 to 45.6± 0.6 and www.wjpr.net Vol 4, Issue 05, 2015. 2328
525.1±0.2 to 536.9±0.6 g respectively. The decreased viscosity of the formulations had also been attributed to the presence of ethanol in the formulation. The formulations with the highest viscosity had the minimum Spreadability and vice versa. Table 3: Evaluation Parameters Data Formulation ph Viscosity Spreadibility Extrudability Zone of inhibition (cps) a (g/sec) a (g) (mm) G1 6.9 33.5±0.3 40.8±0.5 525.1±0.2 31.4±2.4 G2 7.2 35.6 ±0.3 44.6±0.2 530.1±0.8 30.5±1.4 G3 6.8 36.5±0.9 40.1±0.4 522.8±0.1 33.6±0.4 G4 6.8 33.8±0.4 43.8±0.8 525.1±0.4 30.4±2.4 G5 7.1 34.5±0.6 45.6±0.6 536.9±0.6 32.8±1.8 a = mean ± standard deviation CONCLUSION From above results it is concluded that on combining the oils and materials of different components in different ratio to get multipurpose effect such as whitening, anti aging and sunscreen effect and anti acne effect on skin. As we know that it is not possible to increase the extent of efficiency of medicinal and cosmetic property of single plant, but by combining the different natural components can be possible to increase the efficacy. In this regard, we mixed the different oils and powders to improve as well synergize the cosmetic properties of prepared product. The product was found to have good potency against acne inducing bacteria. The formulations developed from it also showed the same results so it can be further used commercially to develop the anti acne formulation and can be further tested on human beings. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to sincerely thank the management and Principal of Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences for letting us avail the facilities of the College. We also thank to biotechnology and microbiology department for their Coordination in bacterial studies. REFERENCES 1. De polo KF, a short text book of cosmetology.1 st edition, Augsburg: verlag fur chemische industries., 1998. www.wjpr.net Vol 4, Issue 05, 2015. 2329
2. Pratibha Nand, Sushma Drabu, In vitro and in vivo assessment of polyherbal topical gel formulation for the treatment of acne vulgaris, International Journal of Drug Delivery., 4 (4) 434-442 3. Pandey Chetana et al: of selected Herbal plants for Anti Acne Properties, Int. J. Drug Dev. & Res., 2012; 4(2): 216-222 4. Kaur LP., Garg R., Gupta G.D. Development and evaluation of topical gel of minoxidil from different polymer bases in application of alopecia. Int. J. Pharm. Sci., 2010; 2(3): 43-47. 5. Chakole C.M., Shende M.A., Khadatkar S.N. Formulation and evaluation of novel combined halobetasol propionate and fusidic acid ointment. Int. J. Chem. Tech. Resear., 2009; 1(1): 103-116. 6. Patel R.P., Patel H.H., Baria A.H. Formulation and evaluation of Carbopol gel containing liposomes of ketoconazole. Int. J. Drug Del. Tech., 2009; 1(2): 42-45. 7. Amelia C., Bulmer S. The antidandruff action of dandruff shampoo. Mycopathologia., 1999; 147(2): 63-65. 8. Saboji J.K., Manvi F.V., Gadad A.P., Patel B.D. Formulation and evaluation of ketoconazole microsponge gel by quassi emulsion solvent diffusion. J. cell and tissue resear., 2011; 11(1): 2691-2696. 9. H.A.Sawarkar, S.S.Khadabadi, D.M.Mankar, I.A.Farooqui, N.S.Jagtap, Development and Biological Evaluation of HerbalAnti-Acne Gel, International Journal of PharmTech Research, 2010; 2(3): 2028-2031. www.wjpr.net Vol 4, Issue 05, 2015. 2330