Optimizing Completion Technology for Eastern European Shales MARK VAN DOMELEN Senior Technical Advisor Technical Advisory Team Europe Halliburton Energy Services
Current US Shale Gas Trends Increasing use of horizontal wells Source: Spears 2011 Pressure Pumping Report 2
Current US Shale Gas Trends Increasing use of horizontal wells Longer laterals and more frac stages 3
Current US Shale Gas Trends Increasing use of horizontal wells Longer laterals and more frac stages Increased focus on water management and environmentally focused frac solutions 4
Market Shift to Horizontal Wells and Larger Jobs Haynesville Example July 2008 Job Type Distribution (199 Total Stages) September 2009 Job Type Distribution (227 Total Stages) 8 215 Vertical Horizontal Vertical Horizontal 2008 2009 5
Shale Play Development Challenges in Europe I. Deep shale plays requiring long laterals II. Pressure pumping equipment availability III. Limited wellsite location sizes IV. Strong environmental scrutiny European Tech Team Andrew Penno Mark Van Domelen Klaas van Gijtenbeek Leon Massaras Gerard Glasbergen Krzysztof Drop Nicolas Faucompret V. Need for effective water management strategy 6
Global Gas Markets and Pressure Pumping Equipment 7.2 mm HHP 132k HHP 1,175 TCF 248k HHP 3,526 TCF 3,810 TCF 355k HHP 2,547 TCF 774k HHP 624k HHP 2,116 TCF 88k HHP 274 TCF 2,625 TCF Sources: Russell, P.L., Oil shales of the world, their origin, occurrence and exploitation, Pergamon Press, Inc., Elmsford, NY, 1990 (ISBN 0-08-037240-6; 753PP; over 40 refs); Saleh M. Billo, Ridayh University, Ridayh, Saudi Arabia, Oil shale and its relation to petroleum and other fuels, Oil & Gas Journal December 22, 2008. North America has 25% of worldwide reserves but 75% of pressure pumping equipment 7
Horizontal Frac Completion Methods I. Plug and Perf Perforate several clusters, isolate with drillable bridge plugs II. Sliding Sleeves Annular isolation using ECPs (ie: Swell Packers, etc) 8
Main Types of Horizontal Frac Completion Methods (CONTINUED) III. Coiled Tubing Assisted PinPoint Fracturing Frac with coiled tubing in the well, isolate zones with sand plugs 9
Main Types of Horizontal Frac Completion Methods (CONTINUED) III. Coiled Tubing Assisted PinPoint Fracturing Frac with coiled tubing in the well, isolate zones with sand plugs 10
Plug and Perf Method vs. PinPoint Stimulation A typical Haynesville Plug and Perf frac: A typical PinPoint Stimulation job with CTU: 5 clusters per 50m interval 5 shots per cluster 80bpm 19,600 HHP @ 10,000 psi Rate per perf: 3.2 BPM/perf 2 frac intervals per day 1 cluster of perforations per job 3 hydrajetted perforations per interval 30bpm 6,250 HHP @ 8,500 psi Rate per perf: 10 BPM/perf Multiple intervals per day Aggressive frac designs Pinpoint stimulation requires less equipment and a smaller footprint 11
Costs for Various Methods Canada Case History SPE 119620 Completion Time and Costs by Technique 20 Completion Costs per Interval PinPoint Stimulation 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 Frac Days 8 Intervals 2 Pump Down Bridge Plugs Coil Deployed Bridge Plugs Open Hole Packers Sand Plugs Clean Cost Contingency Cost Best Cost Frac Days 0 12
Deep, Long Laterals Combining Jointed Pipe and Coiled Tubing Developed for Pinpoint fracturing Rigless operation 120K capacity for pipe manipulation Enables treating long laterals Reduces length of coiled tubing required Provides reverse circulating capability Applies more force on bit for drillouts 13
Cleaner Fracturing Technologies
Water Volumes Used On Shale Fracs thousand cubes of water per well Flow back up to 15
Improved Environmental Performance Recycling Produced Water and Greener Frac Fluids Water Treatment Services UV Bacteria Control Greener Frac Fluids creating a compelling sustainability option for our customers 16
Produced Water Recycling Purpose is to clean water in order for use in fracturing operations Electrical charge coagulates suspended matter Handles wide variety of source waters (TDS range = 100 to 300,000 mg/l) 17
On-the-Fly Bacteria Control Ultraviolet (UV) light treatment kills bacteria Used inline with frac spread up to 100 bpm Eliminates the need for common fracturing biocides 18
Greener Frac Fluids Sourced from products used in the food industry Systems developed for slickwater, linear gel, or high viscosity crosslinked system Applicable for reservoirs up to 150 deg C Can be mixed in a variety of base mix waters, including produced water 19
Putting it all Together Case History - Haynesville Shale Well Horizontal Well Depth = 3,500 m Lateral length = 2,100 m # of Frac Intervals = 14 BHST = 150 deg C Frac Treatments Job size = 1,250 m 3 per zone + 180,000 kg proppant Pump rate = 75 bpm Water Treatment Services Bacteria Control Greener Frac Fluid CleanSuite SM Results 3,500 m 3 of produced water cleaned and re-used 18,000 m 3 treated - No biocides used for entire job 9,000 m 3 of Linear CleanStim + 6,000 m 3 of Crosslinked CleanStim 20
Summary Trends Longer horizontal wells & shorter spacing Larger jobs Increasing focus on water management Operations outside of USA with Less equipment Smaller locations Strong environmental focus Facilitating Technologies PinPoint completion techniques New Technologies for Reducing water requirements Reduce disposal costs Cleaner frac fluids Horizontal Length Fracture Spacing CleanWave SM Treatment Services CleanStream Services CleanStim Formulation 21
Thank you 22