ECZEMA SKIN CARE MADE SIMPLE

Transcription

1 ECZEMA SKIN CARE MADE SIMPLE BATHING, MEDICATIONS & MOISTURIZING ºC x1 x2 x2 BATHING Bathe once daily with warm water for 5 to 10 minutes. Clean with gentle, non-scented cleansers. Right after the bath, pat skin gently with a clean, soft towel. Make sure you apply moisturizer after every bath or shower. MEDICATION Apply a layer of prescription creams or ointments on the red, itchy and rough rash areas as prescribed by your doctor (e.g. twice a day). One application can be after having a bath. MOISTURIZING Put a good amount of moisturizer on the entire body at least twice a day (three if you can!). See our Seal of Acceptance products for some suggestions. Need help finding suitable skin care products? Look for the Eczema Society of Canada Seal of Acceptance on moisturizers and cleansers at your local drug or grocery store. eczemahelp.ca

2 AROUND THE HOME X X x2 X ºC 1 X 2 CLOTHING & BEDDING Use 100% cotton clothing and bedding, protect your mattress with a dust mite cover, wash sheets weekly, and avoid overheating. LAUNDRY Wash laundry with mild, fragrance- and dye-free detergents. Rinse twice if possible. ENVIRONMENT Keep your house cool, try a humidifier in the winter, avoid playing in grass or leaves, and avoid products that might irritate your skin. FEEDING For babies and young children, apply moisturizer around the mouth before feeding. KEEP IN MIND MANAGING FLARE-UPS Infected eczema (yellow scabbing, visible pus, swollen skin, or increasing pain and warmth) needs to be seen by a doctor immediately. Keep skin moisturized to reduce itch. ºC Reduce stress as much as possible as stress can make your eczema worse. During a flare up or period of intense itching, try a cool compress, take a cool bath or shower and apply moisturizer. Keep nails smooth and trimmed short. Wear soft cotton gloves at night if this helps. Try finding a distracting activity such as reading, watching television or playing a video game. For more information or support, contact Eczema Society of Canada at ECZEMA-1 or eczemahelp.ca We thank Dr. Rachel Asiniwasis, MD, FRCPC (Dermatology) and Dr. Joseph Lam, MD, FRCPC (Paediatrics) for their contributions on this resource. Copyright

3 Hand Eczema Guide Eczema Education Series

4 What is hand eczema? Hand eczema, or hand dermatitis, describes any type of eczema that develops on the hands. It is commonly job-related and can be made worse by factors including frequent hand washing and exposure to chemicals. Hand eczema may require specific testing and treatments. It may cause itchy, dry, scaly patches of skin that cracks and flakes. This can occur acutely, but may also be a condition referred to as chronic hand eczema (CHE) or chronic hand dermatitis (CHD). Hand eczema, and CHE can profoundly affect everyday living and one s quality of life. Chronic hand eczema may not respond to traditional eczema management strategies such as frequent moisturizing, protecting the hands, and topical prescription treatments, and the appropriate treatment plan will depend on a number of factors. Who does hand eczema affect? Hand eczema occurs commonly among the following occupations: bricklayer mechanical industry worker hair dresser health care worker janitors and housecleaners florists food service industry workers agricultural workers Hand eczema can happen to anyone, however, you are more likely to be affected if: you had similar skin problems, eczema, hay fever, or other allergies as a child. your hands get wet a lot, whether at home, work or with leisure activities. your job exposes your hands to irritating chemicals or very frequent hand washing and disinfection. you frequently wash your hands around the house or at work, which breaks down the skin s natural protective barrier. 1 2

5 The next most common is Allergic Contact Dermatitis. Common allergens include nickel, certain food additives and fragrances, and preservatives. Occupational allergens could include antibacterial soaps and solutions, organic dyes, rubber, plastic resins, and plants. What causes hand eczema? Often, the cause is unclear; however there can be one or more conditions present. The three most common conditions related to hand eczema are irritant contact dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, and atopic dermatitis. The most common is Irritant Contact Dermatitis. Repeated exposure to irritants such as water, soaps, detergents, solvents, degreasers, lubricants, oils, coolants, fiberglass dust, food products, metals, and plastics can inhibit the repair of the skin barrier. What are the signs and symptoms? affects the fingertips and web spaces skin is dry and chapped, with areas of itchy, red, scaly, and swollen skin skin may sting or burn when in contact with irritants, and may eventually crack and bleed What are the signs and symptoms? soon after exposure, small blisters may appear with itchy, swollen, red skin later, the skin may dry out and with crusts, scales, and cracks prolonged exposure to the allergen can cause the skin to darken and it may become thick and leathery it may appear all over the hands and fingers, particularly on the inside of the hands and finger tips Hand eczema can also be caused by Atopic Dermatitis, whereby skin in other areas of the body is also affected. What are the signs and symptoms? intense itchiness acute skin lesions the condition is chronic skin is thickened Speak with your doctor to get a diagnosis on your specific condition, and to talk about treatment options that are right for you. 3 4

6 How is hand eczema diagnosed? Without proper diagnosis and treatment, hand dermatitis can persist and become chronic. It can often become disabling because it affects one s ability to perform at work and home. Additionally, hand dermatitis may interfere with sleep, cause emotional discomfort, and negatively affect interpersonal interactions. A thorough history and physical examination is essential in helping to deduce the possible cause(s) of hand dermatitis. Medical, occupational and social history are important. It is often challenging to distinguish irritant contact from allergic contact dermatitis. Patch Testing Patch testing should be considered for all with chronic hand dermatitis. The gold standard method for diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis is patch testing which is an office procedure, in which allergens are applied to the back. Your doctor should strongly consider patch testing if: You have chronic hand dermatitis You are not able to manage your dermatitis Your dermatitis responds to treatment but flares immediately when you stop using your topical treatments See your doctor! The longer the condition goes undiagnosed and untreated, the more likely you are to suffer with chronic hand eczema. What are the treatment options? Self Care & Lifestyle Modification Lifestyle modification and self care are the first line of defense. This includes: Moisturizing and Gentle Cleansing Use hand cleansers and moisturizers that are free of irritating ingredients and fragrances. Moisturizing regularly will help to replenish skin moisture, and will help you to keep your eczema under control. Apply a rich moisturizer immediately after bathing, hand washing, and anytime in between. Choose moisturizers and cleansers that are suitable for the sensitive skin of eczema. Look for the ESC Seal of Acceptance on products at your local drugstore. If your eczema has cleared up, and you are no longer using your prescription treatments, continue with a diligent moisturizing routine, which may help to prolong the period between flares. Hand washing is destructive to the skin barrier and should always be followed by applying moisturizer. Hand sanitizers may be a helpful alternative to frequent hand washing, however avoid fragranced hand sanitizers, which may be irritating. 5 6

7 Lifestyle Modifications Where possible, avoid or minimize wet-work. Avoid excessive sweating and dry conditions which are sometimes triggers. Avoid scratching which worsens the condition and may cause cracks allowing bacteria to enter leading to infection. Sometimes applying cold compress to the area reduces itch. Keep fingernails short. Avoid the substance(s) causing the irritation or allergy. Avoiding all substances can be very difficult-if not impossibleespecially if these substances are encountered at work. Using barrier cream, wearing gloves, and practicing glove hygiene is often helpful. Minimize contact with fruit juices, fruits, vegetables and raw meat while preparing food, or wear gloves. Protect hands by using cotton gloves as a liner under vinyl gloves. Shampoo and style hair while wearing vinyl gloves, if possible. Take off rings before wet-work or hand washing. Use emollients frequently to help restore normal skin barrier function. A thin smear of a thick barrier cream should be applied to all affected areas before work, and reapplied after washing and whenever the skin dries out. Stress triggers flare-ups in many people so reducing stress may be beneficial. Topical Therapy To treat inflammation, topical corticosteroids are commonly used. Use only as needed that is, when your eczema is actively flaring. Prolonged use can cause thinning of the skin. Fearing side effects, patients more commonly use too little rather than too much. If your response is unexpectedly slow, discuss the possibility of corticosteroid allergy with your doctor. Pimecrolimus (Elidel ) and tacrolimus (Protopic ) may be helpful as an alternative to topical corticosteroids. 7 8

8 Phototherapy (Light Therapy) Narrow-band UVB light and PUVA are helpful for their local immunomodulatory effect. Speak to your doctor about the possibility of Phototherapy as a treatment option. There are specific Phototherapy units that are used to treat the hands. Antibiotics Antibiotics are sometimes needed if infection develops, and most infections are caused by staph. Protect your hands! Oral Corticosteroids Oral corticosteroids (e.g. Prednisone) may be effective in a short course for recurrent pomphylx and dyshidrotic hand dermatitis. Warning about serious side effects of prednisone must always be given. Retinoids Toctino (alitretinoin) is an oral retinoid. A once daily treatment, it is available for patients suffering from severe symptoms that never go away completely or keep coming back even after using potent topical steroids. Research has demonstrated significant clinical improvement in patients with chronic hand eczema, especially for the variant known as hyperkeratotic dermatitis. Side-effects include headache and flushing. Strict pregnancy prevention is required 1 month before, during, and for 1 month after treatment with alitretinoin for women of child bearing potential due to the teratogenicity of the product (the product can cause birth defects). Speak with your doctor about finding a treatment plan that is right for you. 9 10

9 The Eczema Society of Canada is a registered Canadian charity dedicated to eczema education, providing support, raising awareness, and supporting research. Eczema Society of Canada Telephone: ECZEMA-1 info@eczemahelp.ca This guide was generously reviewed by: Dr. Neil H. Shear Professor & Chief of Dermatology University of Toronto Medical School The printing of this guide was made possible through unrestricted educational grants. The information contained in this guide offers current opinions from recognized authorities, but does not dictate an exclusive course of treatment. Persons with questions about a medical condition should seek the advice of a qualified physician. Copyright Eczema Society of Canada

10 Managing Eczema Eczema Education Series

11 Table of Contents Introduction to Eczema Triangle of Control Education What is Eczema? What Causes Eczema? Understanding the Disease Impaired Skin Barrier Function Flare-Ups Trigger Chart The Role of Food Allergies Psychological Impact of Eczema Introduction to Eczema If you or your child has a form of eczema, you know all about the symptoms: dry flaky skin, red rashes and constant itching. What you might not know is that these uncomfortable and often unbearable symptoms can be managed! This guide will help you to take control of your eczema. Hydrating the Skin Bathing and Moisturizing Bathing and Moisturizing Regimen Guide to Selecting Products Seal of Acceptance Medical Management Anti-inflammatory Topical Treatments Antibiotics Barrier Repair Emulsion Oral Steroids Antihistamines Types of Treatment Chart Bleach Baths Eczema Tips and Facts About the Eczema Society of Canada

12 EDUCATION The Three Main Strategies to Achieve Control in Eczema are: Hydrating the Skin: Appropriate bathing and frequent moisturizer application Medical Management: Use of prescription treatments to manage inflammation, improve skin condition, and treat infection Education: Avoiding triggers, understanding your treatment regimen, and finding support Education What is Eczema? Eczema refers to a chronic inflammatory skin condition, characterized by dry skin, with patches that are red and intensely itchy. These patches of eczema may ooze, become scaly, crusted, or hardened. Symptoms can range from mild to severe, and the condition can negatively impact quality of life. Eczema can occur anywhere on the skin and is commonly found on the flexors (bends of the arms, backs of the knees). There are many types of eczema, with the most common one being atopic dermatitis. Atopy refers to a hereditary tendency toward eczema, asthma, and allergic rhinitis (hay fever). People with eczema may suffer with one of the other atopic diseases. What Causes Eczema? The exact cause of eczema is unknown, however, there are genetic, immunological and environmental factors that play a role. Eczema can come and go, and can migrate around the body; just as one patch clears up, another may develop. This is the chronic nature of the disease. When the skin cycles back to inflammation, the patient is experiencing a flare-up. 2 3

13 EDUCATION Understanding the Disease Eczema is a recurring inflammation of the skin that: typically begins in early childhood can occur in infants as early as a few weeks old can continue through adolescence and into adulthood may occur for the first time well into adulthood may be outgrown; however, skin may continue to be dry, irritable, and sensitive. EDUCATION Flare-Ups Flare-ups can be prompted by environmental elements or triggers such as certain soaps, clothing fabrics, deodorants, carpet fibres, dust, and others. Sometimes a flareup will occur, however, with no discernable trigger. Overheating, excessive sweating, low humidity, certain foods and stress can also contribute to flare-ups. When the skin becomes irritated, by any one of these irritants, it itches, causing the sufferer to scratch the affected area. Scratching makes the condition worse and the skin becomes inflamed and reddened, aggravating the itch. This is called the itchscratch cycle and can become severe and cause pain. Impaired Skin Barrier Function Our skin is the barrier to the outside world, is somewhat waterproof, and keeps our internal organs and systems safe from the elements and from bacteria invading our bodies. The main focus of eczema control is preserving and protecting the skin barrier. Atopic dermatitis patients have impaired barrier function, often due to a deficiency in ceramides (a lipid) and filaggrin (a protein). This means that the skin barrier is broken down, loses moisture, and can allow bacteria to enter the body (causing bacterial infections on the skin). These deficiencies leave the skin dry and cracked. The goal of eczema management is to replenish moisture, and improve the skin barrier. This is why frequent moisturizing is so important. ITCHY, RED, DRY SKIN Some doctors describe this as the mystery of eczema - is it the rash that itches, or the itch that rashes? 4 5

14 EDUCATION TRIGGER CHART Trigger Chart Look around you and write down all of the possible things in your surroundings that could be contributing to your flare-ups. For example, do you experience a flare-up or worsening of your eczema when you wear a certain sweater? Is your eczema worse in the winter? Do you itch on the days when you clean your house? Does perfume irritate your skin? Use this Trigger Chart to help to identify your triggers. Environmental Factor/Trigger Dust Mites Soaps/ detergents/ fabric softener sheets Lotions/creams Pet dander Change in seasons Name of Product Date and Time Symptoms Experienced Pain Level (Low,Med, High) Approach/ Treatment Used Deoderants Perfumes Cosmetics Shampoo/hair products Bubble bath/ bath oils/scented bath salts Wool/other fabrics Latex/rubber/ plastic Water (hot baths, chlorinated) Tobacco smoke Plants Cleaning products Foods (eggs, milk, wheat, citrus foods, soy, seafood, etc.) Sweating Change in weather 6 7

15 EDUCATION Prevention is the Best Medicine Controlling factors in your environment can help minimize flare-ups from occurring. By minimizing or eliminating your triggers, you can help to reduce the number of flare-ups experienced. One of the frustrating parts of eczema is that flare-ups can still occur even when you are diligently avoiding triggers and taking care of your skin. Keeping your skin moist is your first line of defence against eczema. The Role of Food Allergies Certain foods can trigger a flare-up, just like other environmental triggers. This can occur by eating the trigger food, or by skin contact with the food during preparation (on the hands and around the mouth). It is important to note that food allergies do not cause eczema, however foods can trigger a flareup. It is not recommended to withhold foods, or entire food groups, for long periods of time without consulting your doctor or your allergist to confirm that there is in fact an allergy to that food. Allergy skin testing can help provide clues about environmental and food allergies, however, patients with atopic dermatitis have high false positive rates, as the simple act of scratching the skin during testing can cause inflammation which may then be misinterpreted as an allergic reaction. Antihistamine use can also impact the accuracy of allergy testing. Speak with your allergist about your eczema, and your medical treatments prior to testing. EDUCATION The Importance of Support Talking with others who understand what you are going through is very important. Eczema is a spectrum disease, meaning that there are very mild conditions which are not bothersome to the patient, and then there are moderate and severe conditions that have significant physical and psychological impact. Often the impact of eczema is minimized. Psychological Impact of Eczema Eczema has a significant psychological impact on sufferers and their families. Feelings of embarrassment can lead to social withdrawal and low self esteem. Sleep disruption is very common, especially in infants and young children. The condition can have a negative impact on mood and daily living, as it can be a chronically painful and uncomfortable condition. Eczema impacts quality of life for the sufferer and their whole family. Social interactions, relationships, work, family, comfort, and self image can all be negatively affected when eczema is not well controlled. The Eczema Society of Canada is here to support you! Visit our website: a support volunteer at info@eczemahelp.ca. Call us at ECZEMA

16 HYDRATING THE SKIN HYDRATING THE SKIN Hydrating the Skin The Importance of Bathing and Moisturizing While there is no standard recommendation on bathing frequency or duration, Canadian experts generally recommend bathing once daily, for 5 to 10 minutes, in warm clear water. If bathing is uncomfortable, bathing every second day is fine. Coating the skin after every bath or shower, with an emollient (moisturizer) helps to seal that moisture in the skin. This is necessary in patients with eczema as their natural skin barrier, which would normally trap moisture in the skin, doesn t work well. This leaves the skin dry, rough and sensitive to irritants. It is a common myth that drinking an adequate amount of water during the day will hydrate the skin. It is in fact the bathing and moisturizing technique that hydrates the skin. Decades ago, doctors often recommended that eczema sufferers limit baths and showers; however, experts now recommend bathing as an important part of controlling eczema. After bathing, gently pat the skin dry, and then immediately apply your moisturizer to skin that is still damp. Apply prescription products, as recommended by your physician. Apply a moisturizer several times throughout the day. Moist skin will reduce itchiness, which in turn helps to control the disease, as flares occur or increase in response to itching. Showering Many adults prefer showering over taking a bath. Showering is fine for people with eczema, as long as the water is not too hot. Use a gentle cleanser instead of a harsh soap or perfumed body washes. After your shower, gently pat the skin dry (avoid rubbing the skin). While leaving the skin still slightly damp, immediately apply your moisturizer (and/or prescription products as indicated by your doctor). The Bathing & Moisturizing Regimen The bathing regimen should be followed diligently during a flare-up, and after a flare-up as preventative and moisturizing maintenance. You should continue to moisturize the skin several times daily, even when the skin is healthy. Bathing Step by Step Follow these bathing steps to hydrate the skin, once a day. What you will need: a bathtub or bathing basin for babies or toddlers a gentle cleanser a moisturizer prescription treatments, e.g. topical corticosteroids, etc, if necessary a timer, watch or clock a soft natural fibre towel For Bleach Bath information see page 22 Daily bathing followed by a rich moisturizer is referred to as The Regimen this should be your first defence when 10 experiencing a flare! 11

17 HYDRATING THE SKIN Steps to Bathing the Eczema Sufferer: 1. Fill the bath with lukewarm water. 2. Immerse the patient in the water. Do not immerse the head in water. If eczema is on the face, or areas of the body not soaking in the water, gently apply a soft wash cloth soaked in the water to those areas. 3. Have the patient soak in the water for 5 to 10 minutes. Try to make this fun for children by using safe bath toys. 4. Clean areas of the body that need additional cleaning with your gentle cleanser. 5. The bather may be slippery, so take extra care when getting out of the bath, to avoid injury. Take extra care when handling infants and children. 6. When coming out of the bath, try to leave as much water on the skin as possible. Gently dry off excess water with a soft towel, or briefly air dry if the air is warm. If your medicated treatment contains a corticosteroid, apply now to the skin that is still damp. For the noncortisone based prescriptions, such as Elidel or Protopic ensure the skin is completely dry before applying. 7. Apply prescription products to flared areas, carefully avoiding healthy skin. 8. Apply your moisturizer to the remaining patches of healthy skin. The entire body can and should be moisturized between bathing with your regular, non-prescription moisturizer. Guide to Moisturizers, Cleansers and Bath Products The best products for bathing and moisturizing are: 1. Products that have few ingredients and that are formulated for sensitive skin and eczema. You want thick moisturizers that will both moisturize the skin, and provide a barrier. 2. Products that fit your budget. More expensive is not necessarily better. 3. Products that the eczema sufferer will tolerate and will actually use! If you or your child dislikes the greasy feeling of petrolatum, then find a moisturizer that works for you! Guide to Ingredients HYDRATING THE SKIN What are ceramides? An increasingly popular ingredient in moisturizers and emollients is ceramides. Ceramides are lipid (fat) molecules that are important components of skin. They improve the skin barrier, help to increase skin hydration, and prevent the entry of irritants. People with atopic dermatitis have fewer ceramides in the skin, so it is thought that these missing fats can be replaced with moisturizers that contain ceramides. Anti Itch Ingredients & Strategies Moisturizer ingredients, such as Colloidal Oatmeal, Allantoin, and Niacinamide can have anti-itch properties, and help to soothe the skin. Other anti-itch strategies include frequent application of moisturizers, keeping nails trimmed short and smooth, and using cool compresses during periods of intense itch. If your eczema has cleared up, and you are no longer using your prescription treatments, continue with a diligent moisturizing routine,which may help to prolong the period between flares

18 HYDRATING THE SKIN HYDRATING THE SKIN Products that have earned our Seal of Acceptance: Seal of Acceptance Look for our Seal of Acceptance on products that help patients with eczema! The goal of the Seal program is to provide patient empowerment, education, and support. Products that bear our Seal of Acceptance have met the necessary criteria as established by our Scientific Review Panel and are free of ingredients that are known to be irritating to patients with eczema. Moisturizers A-Derma EXOMEGA Emollient Balm AVEENO Baby Eczema Care Nighttime Balm AVEENO Baby Eczema Therapy Moisturizing Cream AVEENO Eczema Care Itch Relief Balm AVEENO Eczema Care Moisturizing Cream AVEENO Eczema Therapy Hand Cream Avène XeraCalm A.D Lipid-Replenishing Balm CeraVe Moisturizing Cream Cetaphil RESTORADERM Replenishing Moisturizer Eucerin Eczema Relief Body Cream Eucerin Eczema Relief Flare-Up Treatment Glaxal Base Moisturizing Cream Gold Bond Ultimate Eczema Relief Skin Protectant Cream La Roche-Posay Lipikar Baume AP Polysporin Eczema Essentials Daily Moisturizing Cream Skinfix Gentle Eczema Balm Spectro Dry Skin Therapy Moisturizer Spectro Kids TM Dry Skin Therapy Moisturizer Cleansers AVEENO Baby Eczema Care Body Wash AVEENO Eczema Care Body Wash Cetaphil RESTORADERM Nourishing Moisture Wash Polysporin Eczema Essentials Daily Body Wash Skinfix Gentle Hair & Body Wash Spectro Kids TM Dry Skin Therapy Body Wash Keeping your skin hydrated is the most important thing you can do! Shampoos Cliniderm Soothing Scalp Shampoo Over-the-counter Drugs Polysporin Eczema Essentials 1% Hydrocortisone Anti-itch Cream *Note: ESC reminds consumers that all drugs, including OTC drugs, have risks and potential side effects. Consumers are reminded to read and follow all directions for OTC drugs and to consult with their physician prior to using any medications and if their skin conditions are not clearing. The ESC Seal of Acceptance does not constitute medical advice and medical questions should 14 be directed to your doctor or health care provider. 15

19 MEDICAL MANAGEMENT Medical Management Medical management is an important part of controlling eczema, and medications (including topical creams and ointments) should be used as prescribed by your physician. Do not discontinue, or alter the treatment plan without consulting your physician. Speak to your physician or your child s physician about the best treatment option for the individual. Medical management includes anti-inflammatory topical treatments, antibiotics, barrier repair, and antihistamines. Anti-inflammatory topical treatments: Topical Corticosteroids are prescribed to reduce inflammation and itching. Strengths range from mild to very strong. When used under the direction of a physician, topical corticosteroids are very effective and safe. In fearing side effects, eczema sufferers or their caregivers, often use the treatment too sparingly, or too infrequently. Possible side effects include thinning of the skin if preparations are used excessively or for extended periods. Follow your physician s recommendations exactly, and address any questions or concerns you have with your physician. Topical Immunomodulators (e.g. Elidel, Protopic ) are prescribed for inflammation and itching, and can be used for short, intermittent periods of time unless otherwise directed by your physician. A possible side effect is a mild to moderate burning sensation. These treatments are not recommended for children under the age of 2. Antibiotics: Topical Antibiotics are prescribed for secondary infection, which can worsen the eczema and may make it more difficult for the eczema to respond to treatment until the bacterial infection has been cleared. Localized patches of infected or resistant eczema may be treated by topical antibiotic creams and ointments. Mupirocin (e.g. Bactroban ) or 16 fusidic acid (e.g. Fucidin ointment) have shown to be beneficial. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT Combination Topical Treatments (e.g. Fucidin H) combine Fucidin H with a mild hydrocortisone, which helps to both reduce inflammation and clear the secondary infection with one application. Clearing infections is an important part of eczema management. Oral (taken by mouth) Antibiotics are prescribed for more significant skin infections. There is often secondary infection on eczema patches, even when there may be no other obvious signs of infection. Oral antibiotics are preferred over topical antibiotics when the infection is extensive. Skin Barrier Repair Emulsion: EpiCeram is a non-steroid barrier repair cream that is safe to use at all ages. EpiCeram is a therapeutic skin barrier repair emulsion which has a unique composition of various lipids (fats) that are missing in the skin of many patients with atopic dermatitis (eczema). When compared head-to-head with a mid-potency topical steroid, it was shown to have similar benefits in improving eczema. EpiCeram is available only by prescription from your doctor, as it is classified as a medical device, due to its barrier properties. It is available in 30 and 90 gram tubes. Oral Steroids: Oral Corticosteroids (E.g. Prednisone ) are rarely used, and reserved for the most severe cases. There are long-term side effects with prolonged use, and because eczema is a chronic condition, this is not a permanent solution for severe chronic eczema. Antihistamines: Antihistamines are used to relieve itching and aid in sleep. Itching tends to increase at night (daytime distraction also helps reduce daytime itching). As you increase hydration of the skin (through bathing and regular moisturizing) and manage your eczema, you will decrease the need for antihistamines, as night time itching decreases when the skin is moist and healthy. Use of antihistamines for children 6 years of age and under should be discussed with his/her physician. 17

20 MEDICAL MANAGEMENT MEDICAL MANAGEMENT Type of Treatment Bathing & Moisturizing Topical Steroids (e.g. Hydrocortisone) Topical Immunomodulators (e.g. Elidel and Protopic ) Uses To increase hydration of the skin, reduce itching, reduce inflammation, and prolong time between flare-ups. Topical prescription treatment for inflammation and itching. Potencies range from mild to potent. Mild and mid-potency corticosteroids are recommended. Topical prescription treatment for inflammation and itching. Can be used for short or repeated periods of time. Drawbacks/Concerns Risk of injury from slipping if emulsifying oil is used in the bath. Possible side effects include decreased skin responsiveness and thinning of the skin if strong preparations are used. Mild to moderate burning sensation can occur. Topical Antibiotics with Hydrocortisone (e.g. Fucidin H) Oral Antibiotics Topical antibiotic Fucidin combined with Hydrocortisone used to treat inflammation and bacterial infection in one application. Recommended when bacteria is suspected to be a contributing factor to the eczema flare (e.g. honey-comb crusting) of lesions and/or redness). Preferred when infection is localized to small areas of the skin. To treat secondary skin infections caused by scratching, that is widespread on the skin. Long term use may cause bacteria to become resistant to the antibiotic. Nausea, diarrhea, allergic skin reactions. Skin Barrier Repair Emulsion (e.g. EpiCeram ) A therapeutic skin barrier repair emulsion offers a unique composition of various lipids (fats) that are missing in the skin of many patients with eczema. It is applied to patches of active eczema, as directed by your physician. It is classified as a medical device, due to its barrier properties. Speak to your doctor about this treatment. There are no reported side effects

21 MEDICAL MANAGEMENT MEDICAL MANAGEMENT Type of Treatment Phototherapy Oral corticosteroids (e.g. Prednisone ) Uses Reduce symptoms of eczema. Only used in the most severe cases, to control wide spread inflammation on the skin. Drawbacks/Concerns Prolonged exposure to UVB light can cause sunburn, skin damage, eye damage, skin cancer, dry skin, freckling, and premature aging of the skin. This is recommended as a second-line treatment and is only used under the guidance of a physician. There are long-term side effects with prolonged use, and because eczema is a chronic condition, this is not a permanent solution for severe chronic eczema. Cold Compresses To relieve itching associated with inflammation. When skin is inflamed, and red, and you or your child is experiencing intense itch, cold compresses or cold pack may be helpful (note that cold packs, or ice packs, should not go directly on bare skin). Soak soft cotton fabric, or a soft face cloth in cool water. Wring out excess water, and apply to the skin for 5-10 minutes. Follow the compress with a moisturizer formulated for sensitive skin or eczema. Repeat as often as necessary. While this offers temporary relief, it can be very helpful during a flare, or an intense period of itchy skin. Wet Wraps Relieve itching and help hydrate the skin. Maceration, or damage to the skin, may occur. Do this treatment only under the advice of your dermatologist. Homeopathic Remedies, Naturopathic Remedies, Alternative Therapies Itching, Redness, Inflammation Little and/or no data or research supports the effects or the safety of these treatments. Be advised that there may be side effects and drug interactions from these treatments. Patients and parents of patients should have a clear understanding of the expectations of what these treatments are meant to do. Antihistamines To relieve itching and aid in sleep. Can cause drowsiness, although this is often what helps with reducing itch. Skin that is well hydrated through bathing and moisturizing should become less itchy, and therefore reduce the need for antihistamines. Consult your physician before using these products in children 6 years and under

22 MEDICAL MANAGEMENT MEDICAL MANAGEMENT Bleach Baths Bleach baths are being increasingly used to help manage eczema, as adding bleach to your bath water helps control skin bacteria, and in turn helps children and adults get better control of their eczema. SPEAK TO YOUR PHYSICIANS BEFORE BEGINNING BLEACH BATHS, AND ONLY USE UNDER THE RECOMMENDATION OF YOUR PHYSICIAN. To create a bleach bath at home, add 60 to 120 ml (1/4 cup to 1/2 a cup) of regular strength household bleach (4-6% sodium hypochlorite) to a full bathtub of warm water (which is usually about 150 litres). Mix the bleach and clear water well. Bathe in the solution for 5 to 10 minutes. After this, rinse the skin well with warm water. Then, gently pat the skin with a soft towel, leaving some water on the skin. Immediately continue with your regular moisturizing routine, using moisturizer and/or prescription products as recommended by your physician. These bleach baths can be done 2 or 3 times a week. This concentration of bleach is quite low (0.005%) and is similar to the amount in a swimming pool. Bleach baths help to control eczema because the dilute bleach baths help to control the amounts of a certain bacteria on the skin. This type of bacteria can be responsible for making eczema worse. Note that bleach baths are not for everyone For smaller bathtubs, a good rule of thumb with eczema, and should only be used under is to use 1 teaspoon (5 ml) of regular the care of your doctor. Consult your physician bleach for every 5 litres of water. Always regarding bleach baths to see if these exercise caution when handling bleach, and remember to protect clothing, bath mats, treatments are appropriate for you or your child. towels, etc as they may become bleached from the solution

23 Eczema Tips and Facts Often kids will outgrow eczema. Eczema is not contagious. You cannot catch it from a school playmate. Keeping your skin moist and well hydrated (e.g. applying moisturizer several times throughout the day) is the best defense against recurrent flares. Use a cool-mist humidifier in the house or in the bedroom of the eczema sufferer, especially during the dry winter months. Clean as directed to prevent potential mold growth. Avoid overheating and sweating when possible, as it increases itchiness, and can worsen eczema. Cotton clothing is often best tolerated by people with eczema. Avoid harsh soaps, and try to select products that are formulated for eczema and/or sensitive skin. Many sunscreen products contain irritating ingredients. Look for sunscreens that are formulated for sensitive skin, or look for formulations with physical sunblocks (e.g., titanium dioxide or zinc oxide). Other sun protection strategies should always be used, when possible. These strategies include avoidance of peak sun exposure time (typically mid morning to late afternoon); use of a wide brimmed hat; use of loose and light protective clothing. Keep nails trimmed short and filed smooth. This will help to reduce damage done to the skin from scratching. Ensure that you use your prescription products as recommended by your doctor. Eczema sufferers often use too little, rather than too much, of their topical treatments, which reduces the effectiveness of the medication. 24 What does the Eczema Society of Canada do? produces and distributes educational materials for physicians and patients provides eczema information at raises awareness in the medical community about eczema treatments provides personal support to Canadians suffering with eczema participates in media to raise awareness about eczema created a Seal of Acceptance program for products which are suitable for use by people with eczema funds and contributes to eczema research advocates for eczema sufferers for better care and treatments hosts the Eczema Care Network, a directory of dermatologists and specialists across Canada who are dedicated to helping patients suffering with eczema 25

24 About the Eczema Society The Eczema Society of Canada is a registered Canadian charity dedicated to eczema education, support, awareness, and research. For additional information or to order treatment guides contact: Eczema Society of Canada Telephone: ECZEMA-1 info@eczemahelp.ca The medical content within this guide is based on current treatment recommendations by experts in eczema treatment, however, the information contained within should never be used as an exclusive treatment course. Always review your treatment with your own physician. Special thanks to Dr. Miriam Weinstein and Dr. Joseph Lam for their generous editorial contributions. This treatment guide was produced through unrestricted educational grants from the following sponsors: Copyright Eczema Society of Canada

25 How to Bathe & Moisturize What to do: bath or shower in warm water (avoid hot water) for 5 to 10 minutes gently pat the excess moisture from the skin with your towel, leaving some water on the skin apply your moisturizer to your entire body within 3 minutes of exiting the water apply a generous amount of moisturizer to your skin apply your moisturizer with gentle strokes in the direction of the hair growth apply moisturizer at least one more time during the day How do I select a moisturizer and gentle cleanser? Look for our Seal of Acceptance on products that we have reviewed and identify as suitable choices for people with eczema. If you are using prescription products, apply at times directed by your doctor. What you will need: bathtub or shower, soft clean towel, timer (soak for no more than 10 minutes) a gentle cleanser and moisturizer How to Use this Chart 1. Bathe or shower at least once daily. After a warm bath or shower, apply a moisturizer to the skin right away, after gently towelling off the excess water. 2. Apply moisturizer to the skin twice daily. Moisturizing after the bath counts as one application. If your doctor has given you prescription products, use as directed. Che 3. ck it off on the charts! Charting your skin care habits will help to make you aware of how you are caring for your skin, and will remind you to make sure you take the daily steps toward healthier skin. This information should not be considered an exclusive treatment course. Speak to your doctor about the use of this card, and about We thank dermatology nurse Michelle Lee for her contributions to this educational tool.

26 Rub it in! Skin Care Chart Bathing and moisturizing are one of the most important steps toward improving your eczema. You can start to see great improvement of eczema after just two weeks of sticking to your skin care routine. Use these charts to keep track of your skin care. Remember: always apply a moisturizer immediately after bathing or showering. Name: WEEK 1 Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7 Bath or shower using a gentle cleanser A.M. Moisturizer BATHING & MOISTURIZING CHART P.M. Moisturizer Rub it in! Skin Care Chart Name: Bath or shower using a gentle cleanser BATHING & MOISTURIZING CHART WEEK 2 Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7 Take our eczema assessment before and after to track your progress! A.M. Moisturizer P.M. Moisturizer

27 sometimes i am itchy Written by Shula Klinger Illustrated by Danielle Parmar

28 For all children learning to cope with eczema. We hope this book helps you start good routines, to help ease your itches and end your scratches. This book belongs to:

29 Copyright 2014 Eczema Society of Canada All Rights Reserved No part of this book may be reproduced in any manner without the expressed written consent of Eczema Society of Canada. Inquiries about this book should be addressed to: Eczema Society of Canada 411 The Queensway South, PO Box Keswick, Ontario L4P 4C ECZEMA-1 sometimes i am itchy Written by Shula Klinger Illustrated by Danielle Parmar

30 Sometimes I feel happy Sometimes I feel sad 1

31 2 Sometimes I am itchy And that s when I feel bad. 3

32 4 I m so tired, don t want to play I wish this itch would go away! 5

33 6 My elbows are so red It really hurts to touch Time to use the special cream Enough but not too much. 7

34 8 If the rash is scaly We put on medicine too We moisturize it daily And my skin says phew! 9

35 10 It only takes five minutes I ve timed it on the clock And when we re done I m up and dressed and playing down the block. 11

36 12 When my fingers want to scratch I get into a tizzy So Mom has lots of clever ways to keep these fingers busy! 13

37 14 Scratch all day? Scratch all night? Don t forget your creams! Put them all on as you should You re guaranteed sweet dreams. 15

38 Eczema Society of Canada would like to express our sincerest gratitude to author Shula Klinger and illustrator Danielle Parmar for their generous contributions of time and great talents. Eczema is close to their hearts, and this project could not have come to life without them. Special thanks to the Ottawa-based design firm ninesixteen Creative Inc. for generously donating their services in bringing the project together. ninesixteen.ca Shula Klinger is an author, illustrator and journalist who lives in North Vancouver, BC (Canada) with her husband and two sons. Her publications include a young adult novel, illustrations for another novel and numerous nonfiction articles. Her poetry, essays, and documentaries have been aired on CBC national radio. Her youngest son has lived with eczema since infancy, which inspired the writing of this book. Danielle Parmar is an illustrator, graphic, and industrial designer. She lives in Ottawa, ON (Canada) and runs the design firm ninesixteen Creative Inc., with her husband Ilesh Parmar and cat Ferdinand. She does work for many renowned museums, corporations, agencies and institutions in the Ottawa area and enjoys drawing, painting, knitting, and most things creative in her free time. Danielle has had severe eczema since birth and lives with it still as an adult. Coping with this life-long ailment and drawing on her earliest memories as a young child living with eczema inspired her illustrations throughout this book.

39 Eczema Society of Canada is a registered Canadian charity dedicated to eczema education, raising awareness, providing support, and research. For more information on eczema management, or to find support, visit eczemahelp.ca To order more books or make an inquiry please contact: Amanda Cresswell-Melville Executive Director Eczema Society of Canada 411 The Queensway South, PO Box 25009, Keswick, ON, L4P 4C2 director@eczemahelp.ca ECZEMA-1 eczemahelp.ca

40 Support for People Living with Eczema Eczema Education Series

41 Psychological Impact of Eczema When people have trouble with eczema, they often seek help from their dermatologist or family doctor. The doctor can focus on medical strategies to treat the eczema. But often, there are other difficulties that go beyond just the medical effects of the eczema. It is important to also consider emotional effects of the eczema. He or she may be very self-conscious He or she may feel like others are staring He or she may feel out of control, wanting to stop itching but not being able to He or she may withdraw socially or become depressed Lots of people have thoughts that creep in when they have eczema Everyone is looking at me We tend to see differences in our face or skin as bigger than they actually are; think about times when you look in the mirror and see blemishes that no one else notices. What psychologists call cognitive distortions can occur, where we think things about ourselves that are exaggerated or untrue (e.g., I m hideous! Everyone is wondering what that thing is. ). One way to combat these thoughts is to consider what you would be thinking if you saw someone who looked different. Would you judge her as being a bad person? Would you want to avoid the person? Usually, we are more understanding of others than we are of ourselves. The good news is that most others see you the same way! I can t control the itching A common statement from others is to Just stop scratching! But we know it is not as simple as that. It is very hard to avoid itching when the urge comes. This leaves the person feeling like they are not in control. Psychologists and other medical providers can work with people to develop other strategies when itching urges come. My eczema flares up when I am stressed out. There is a connection between stress and many medical conditions. It is important to be aware of this connection, and to take care of yourself when you are feeling extra stress. Things like relaxation, exercise, talking to friends, and simply doing something fun or enjoyable can all help to relieve stress. Mental health professionals can help you develop other ideas to help too. I hate how it looks. It makes me feel ugly. People often have a hard time when their appearance changes. It s important to see that the eczema does not define you; you can be a beautiful person (inside and outside) with or without eczema! Your character helps to make you beautiful, not your skin. It s OK to seek out help if you are having a hard time coping with your eczema. Many people work with psychologists or counselors when they are stressed by a change in their lives. It s healthy to get help when you need it. You can call your provincial psychology or counselling association to speak with someone who can help. Help is available! Common Challenges of Eczema Adults and children with eczema often have experiences that can make them feel bad. These can include: Sleep problems When people wake up at night due to itching, it can be very frustrating. They often lose out on a good night s sleep. People who don t sleep well are often irritable the next day, at risk for headaches, and not as good at solving everyday problems. When children with eczema don t sleep, often no one in the house sleeps. This can impact the psychological well-being of the parents and siblings as well as the child with eczema. Pain management problems Eczema can be very painful, and can be on the person s mind all the time. People in constant pain have a hard time getting their daily activities and work done. Sometimes they are more emotional because they get frustrated and tired by the pain. Self-confidence problems Sometimes people feel less self-control because of their eczema (like, not being able to stop itching). Some even feel less attractive because of changes in their skin. Together, these challenges can leave people feeling anxious, stressed, and even depressed. There is help! Working with a psychologist who understands these problems can help you manage these feelings better. There are groups in every province that can connect you with someone who can help. For a most up to date list of resources, to find support in your area. Alberta (PAA) British Columbia (BCPA) Manitoba (MPS) Newfoundland and Labrador (APNL) New Brunswick (CPNB) aspx Nova Scotia (APNS) apns.ca/search-psychologist Ontario (OPA) opajoomla.knowledge4you.ca/index. php/findpsychologist Prince Edward Island (PAPEI) Quebec (OPQ) index.sn Saskatchewan (SCP)

42 Find a ESC Support Volunteer ESC Support Volunteers are available by and can offer support to adults living with eczema, as well as parents of children who suffer with eczema. Visit and follow the link to Get Support. For additional information or to order treatment guides contact: Eczema Society of Canada Telephone: ECZEMA-1 Amanda Cresswell-Melville Executive Director director@eczemahelp.ca The medical content within this guide is based on current treatment recommendations by experts in eczema treatment, however, the information contained within should never be used as an exclusive treatment course. Always review your treatment with your own physician. Special thanks to Dr. Shawn Reynolds, Psychologist, for his generous writing and editorial contributions. Copyright Eczema Society of Canada 2015

43 Topical Corticosteroids FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Eczema Education Series

44 Eczema Help Topical Corticosteroids FAQ At The Eczema Society of Canada, we are dedicated to helping Canadians living with eczema. This booklet aims to answer some common questions about the use of topical corticosteroids, a group of medications used to treat the inflammation of eczema. Sometimes these medications are called steroids or cortisones. Speak to your doctor about any questions you may have related to the use of topical corticosteroids, other medications, and your eczema care regimen. About Topical Corticosteroids How do topical corticosteroids help eczema? Topical corticosteroids help control inflammation (redness, swelling, pain and itch) thereby healing skin. They can help keep skin comfortable, as well as help reduce rash and itchiness. These topical medications are generally safe when used under the advice of a physician. The use of topical corticosteroids should be tapered off when the skin is healed; however, it is important to allow the skin to heal completely before discontinuing use. Fearing side effects, many people commonly underuse topical corticosteroids rather than overuse them. Topical corticosteroids are actually familiar to the skin, as the body makes a natural form of steroids to regulate many body functions. In eczema, topical corticosteroids temporarily alter chemicals in the skin, thereby reducing inflammation. Does eczema need to be treated with prescription medications? When deciding on any treatment, benefits and risks need to be weighed. Untreated severe eczema can have a negative impact on physical health, as well as mental health, including sleep, behaviour, social interactions, physical comfort, stress levels, ability to concentrate, and family dynamics. When topical corticosteroids are used appropriately and as directed, the risks of untreated eczema far outweigh the risks of treatment. Is a cream or ointment base better? The vehicle (the cream or ointment base) that delivers corticosteroid treatment does matter. An ointment base delivers a more potent medication and is less likely to sting open areas. A cream may feel more comfortable on your skin and may be preferred before dressing. Speak with your doctor about your preferences. What does the percentage number on the cream mean? How is a 2% product of one name less potent than a 0.5% product of another name? Topical corticosteroids range in strength from mild to extra strong. The percentage on the label of a topical corticosteroid refers to the specific medication it contains. There are many different cortisone molecules and the percentages between products are not comparable. For example, a 2% concentration of one product may be much milder than a 0.05% of another product even though it is a higher number. Can I use over-the-counter (non-prescription) topical hydrocortisone instead of my prescription corticosteroid? Over-the-counter (OTC) hydrocortisone can be helpful for very mild eczema, as well as the itching associated with minor skin irritations, bug bites and poison ivy. With moderate and severe eczema, OTC hydrocortisone may not be effective enough to manage the inflammation. If you choose to try OTC products, follow the directions on the package and direct any questions you may have to your pharmacist. You should also let your doctor know if you are using these products, especially if you are attempting to substitute them for a prescription treatment. Using Topical Corticosteroids How often should I apply my topical corticosteroid? Use the treatment as directed by your prescribing physician. These products are generally used one to three times a day. If you apply the cream once per day in an effort to use less product, you may actually prolong the eczema and hinder treatment. Using the treatment less than prescribed does not allow the mediation to work on the inflammation. Different products with different strengths and formulations sometimes require different application frequency. Ask your physician when the product is being prescribed how often to use it. Should I apply the treatment to wet or dry skin? As a general rule, it is best to apply the treatment after bathing to damp, but not soaking wet, skin. If you are applying your topical corticosteroids twice daily for example, you may want to apply it to dry skin in the morning and to damp skin after an evening bath. How much product should I apply? You want to apply a thin film to the skin, but enough that it still feels slightly tacky after you have rubbed it in. People more commonly apply too little rather than too much. Should I apply the topical corticosteroid only to affected skin? Apply the corticosteroid only to affected areas and apply moisturizer to the rest of the skin. 1 2

45 What is a fingertip unit? A fingertip unit is a way to measure the amount of cream you are applying to your skin. While only a general guideline, it can be a helpful way to understand how much cream or ointment is required to cover an area of skin. One fingertip unit is the amount of cream squeezed onto an adult index finger, from the fingertip to the first crease. This amount should cover the size of two adult palms or approximately a 7 x7 area of the body. For example, for an average adult, four fingertip units would be required to cover an entire arm or five fingertip units would be needed to treat an entire leg. This is likely more than you are used to using! Can I apply the treatment before or after moisturizer? Medications should always be applied to your skin before any other products, as moisturizers create a barrier on the skin. Apply topical corticosteroids to affected areas first, then apply a moisturizer to the rest of the skin. Remember that your topical corticosteroid is most likely in a cream or an ointment base, which also acts as a moisturizer. Can I use wrappings, bandages, plastic wrap or wet wraps over topical corticosteroids? Wrappings of any kind should never be used with corticosteroids unless done so under the strict supervision of your physician. Not only can occlusive bandages (wrappings) increase the potency of the medication, but also they can lead to complications or side effects. Can I use topical corticosteroids on my face? In short answer, yes. That said, your doctor may prescribe a less potent medication for your face. Avoid getting the medication in your eyes, as complications may occur. However, if you have eczema around your eye, it is important to treat this. Your doctor will select a cortisone strength and formulation for this area, or may recommend a different type of medication for the eye area. It is fine to use your prescription around the mouth, including when applying products on small children; just avoid getting it in the mouth. Are topical corticosteroids the best treatment for my eyelid eczema? It s always best to speak to your doctor about your specific treatment needs. Other topical agents, such as Protopic or Elidel might be a better choice for the eye area, or other areas of the body with delicate or thinner skin, such as the groin, arm pits, and folds. Ask your doctor about the best treatment for your specific condition and specific areas of the body, and how to use the medications correctly. Safety I m afraid to use 1% hydrocortisone on my baby. My dermatologist told me it s safe, but now my pharmacist has cautioned me. Is it safe? Topical corticosteroids have been used in dermatology, for the management of eczema for over half a century, and the safety profile is very good. When used as directed by your physician, the benefits of the treatment outweigh the drawbacks. A baby (or child, or adult) left with severe eczema that is untreated can pose a much greater health risk than using a topical corticosteroid to effectively manage eczema. When can I stop using the topical corticosteroid? Generally speaking, you should see some improvement in inflammation within a couple of days. You want to continue using the treatment until the inflammation and redness is gone. Commonly, people quit using topical corticosteroids once they see a small improvement in their symptoms; however, it is important to continue treating the affected areas until they are clear. If you are using medication on the same areas of the body for longer than two weeks time, speak to your doctor. My doctor said not to use my medication longer than two weeks, but just as my leg eczema clears, I get a flare on my arms. Can I keep using it? The short answer is yes. Generally speaking, you should not use topical corticosteroids on the same area of the body for a longer than two weeks if the area is not improving. If you are getting a good response to the treatment but you need a little bit longer to clear it completely, it may be appropriate to continue beyond two weeks. Review the specific instructions with your doctor about how to deal with this situation. However, it is very common for people with eczema to experience clear skin on one part of the body and a flare on another. It is fine to cycle treatment around the body as the skin flares. My pharmacist told me to use my medication more sparingly than prescribed by my doctor. What should I do? It is generally recommended that you follow the advice of your prescribing physician, rather than the pharmacist, as your doctor is the expert who has done a clinical evaluation of your condition. He or she knows your medical history and the condition of your skin and can best advise you on a treatment plan that will help improve your eczema. If you have questions about how much medication to use or when to stop using the medication, ask your prescribing physician. Do topical corticosteroids stunt growth? Not to be confused with anabolic steroids often used by bodybuilders and athletes, when used appropriately, topical corticosteroids do not impact growth. However, babies and young children, who have larger skin area 3 4

46 relative to their body mass, can potentially absorb topically applied corticosteroids. This can occur when potent steroids are used, when used too frequently or over a long period of time, or when used under occlusions, such as bandages, wraps, and diapers. Topically applied corticosteroids, when used under the advice of a qualified physician, are very safe. Oral corticosteroids are reserved for the most severe cases of eczema, should be used extremely sparingly, and should be used under the supervision of a dermatologist or specialist. Why did the doctor prescribe two different topical corticosteroids? Different strengths or potencies of medications are used for different areas of the body. A mild treatment may be appropriate for the face, armpits, groin, genitals, neck and folds. Other areas may require a more potent medication. For your hands and the soles of your feet, or other areas that could be lichenified (where the skin has thickened due to long term scratching or uncontrolled eczema), potent medications may be used for short periods of time. Complications of Eczema How do I know if the eczema is infected? If your skin is tender, oozing, or swollen, you should see your doctor, as it could be signs of infected eczema. Infection in eczema is common and can be treated. Do topical corticosteroids prolong eczema in the long term? There is no evidence that topical corticosteroids change the course of the disease. Experts believe that reducing inflammation and maintaining good skin care habits help to maintain periods of clear skin longer. It is believed that uncontrolled severe eczema is harder to get back under control. My hand eczema is not getting better with my topical creams. Now what? Speak to your doctor. Hand eczema that does not respond to topical treatment may require a treatment specific for hand eczema, such as the oral agent Toctino (alitretinoin). Ask your doctor about the best treatment for your specific condition. It is important to contact your doctor immediately or seek emergency care if you experience any of the following symptoms: difficulty breathing or swallowing wheezing severe skin rash bright red skin that burns oozing or puss in the skin; swelling or tender skin Lifestyle Modifications Can I just control eczema through diet instead of using topical medications? While new information and research is constantly evolving, at this time, experts believe eczema to be a condition caused by a variety of factors, including genes, skin barrier dysfunction and the immune system. We know that foods do not cause eczema. For some people, foods can trigger eczema, such as when they handle acidic fruits. For a baby or small child who frequently has a food contact the skin during feeding, certain foods may trigger eczema on the face. If you have known food allergies confirmed by an allergist, such foods should be avoided. Food allergies can certainly cause skin reactions, such as hives. If you suspect you have food allergies, speak to your doctor. Food allergies are more common among people with eczema. Can I just use lots of moisturizer? Frequent moisturizing is a very important part of eczema management, both when the skin is clear and during a flare. However, once the skin is inflamed and red, topical treatments (such as topical corticosteroids) and TCIs (topical calcineurin inhibitors) are needed to reduce the inflammation. Moisturizers will not control the inflammation of moderate to severe eczema. Could I have steroid allergy or withdrawal? Could my eczema be getting worse from the topical corticosteroids? This is extremely uncommon, although there has been a lot of talk about this on social media web sites. If you are concerned about this, speak with your dermatologist. 5 6