California Strawberries

Transcription

1 California Strawberries Using PUR to measure changes in fungicide use over time Scott Cosseboom M.S. Candidate Cal Poly Strawberry Center

2

3 Source: CDPR PUR database Salinas - Watsonville 14,800 acres Santa Maria 11,200 acres Oxnard 11,600 acres

4

5 Average Yearly Strawberry Production from Southern District Millions of Trays

6 Average Yearly Strawberry Production from Southern District 7 Millions of Trays Santa Maria 2 1 -

7 Average Yearly Strawberry Production from Southern District Millions of Trays Santa Maria Salinas-Watsonville 2 1 -

8 Average Yearly Strawberry Production from Peak Production CA Total Southern District Millions of Trays Santa Maria Salinas-Watsonville 2 1 -

9 Why does fungicide resistance develop in strawberries? Long harvest season (continual fruit production over entire season) + Airborne pathogens (constantly exposed to fungicides) = HIGH selection pressure Botrytis gray mold

10 Popular fungicides & proportion of acres treated Active ingredient Trade name Acres treated* Percent of total CA strawberry acreage** sulfur various 234, % captan Captan, Captec 178, % boscalid/ pyraclostrobin Pristine 159, % cyprodinil/fludioxonil Switch 148, % myclobutanil Rally, Nova, Sonoma 70, % fenhexamid Elevate 55, % quinoxyfen Quintec 50, % * acres treated based on averages from ** average commercial strawberry acreage was 38,633 acres Source: CDPR PUR database

11 6 applications per field is not 6 applications per fruit

12 My research Characterize fungicide use and resistance Use pattern, active ingredients, location End result: Use findings to change fungicide use patterns -Collect isolates -early (450 isolates) and late season (450 isolates) -Characterize resistance to 9 active ingredients

13 Pounds of active ingredient applied over time Active ingredient (lb) BOSCALID CYPRODINIL FENHEXAMID FLUDIOXONIL IPRODIONE PENTHIOPYRAD POLYOXIN D, ZINC SALT THIOPHANATE-METHYL Year Source: CDPR PUR database

14 Source: CDPR PUR database

15 Source: CDPR PUR database

16 Pacific Ocean = 1 square mile Source: CDPR PUR database

17 Pacific Ocean = 1 square mile Source: CDPR PUR database

18

19

20 Fungicide resistance in three main growing regions: Early season Thiophanatemethyl Iprodione Boscalid Fluopyram Penthiopyrad Cyprodinil Fludioxonil Fenhexamid Polyoxin D FRAC 1 FRAC 2 FRAC 7 FRAC 7 FRAC 7 FRAC 9 FRAC 12 FRAC 17 FRAC 19 n=166 Oxnard 93% 7% 7% 4% 4% 3% 1% 57% 0% n=96 Santa Maria 86% 21% 39% 3% 16% 7% 1% 53% 0% n=184 Salinas/ Watsonville 66% 29% 6% 1% 6% 18% 0% 40% 1%

21 Fungicide resistance in three main growing regions: Early season Thiophanatemethyl Iprodione Boscalid Fluopyram Penthiopyrad Cyprodinil Fludioxonil Fenhexamid Polyoxin D FRAC 1 FRAC 2 FRAC 7 FRAC 7 FRAC 7 FRAC 9 FRAC 12 FRAC 17 FRAC 19 n=166 Oxnard 93% 7% 7% 4% 4% 3% 1% 57% 0% n=96 Santa Maria 86% 21% 39% 3% 16% 7% 1% 53% 0% n=184 Salinas/ Watsonville 66% 29% 6% 1% 6% 18% 0% 40% 1%

22 Thiophanatemethyl Iprodione Boscalid Fluopyram Penthiopyrad Cyprodinil Fludioxonil Fenhexamid Polyoxin D Oxnard 93% 7% 7% 4% 4% 3% 1% 57% 0% Active Ingredient (lb) BOSCALID CYPRODINIL FENHEXAMID FLUDIOXONIL IPRODIONE PENTHIOPYRAD THIOPHANATE-METHYL Year Source: CDPR PUR database

23 Thiophanatemethyl Iprodione Boscalid Fluopyram Penthiopyrad Cyprodinil Fludioxonil Fenhexamid Polyoxin D Oxnard 93% 7% 7% 4% 4% 3% 1% 57% 0% Active Ingredient (lb) BOSCALID CYPRODINIL FENHEXAMID FLUDIOXONIL IPRODIONE PENTHIOPYRAD THIOPHANATE-METHYL Year Source: CDPR PUR database

24 Thiophanatemethyl Iprodione Boscalid Fluopyram Penthiopyrad Cyprodinil Fludioxonil Fenhexamid Polyoxin D Oxnard 93% 7% 7% 4% 4% 3% 1% 57% 0% Active Ingredient (lb) BOSCALID CYPRODINIL FENHEXAMID FLUDIOXONIL IPRODIONE PENTHIOPYRAD THIOPHANATE-METHYL Year Source: CDPR PUR database

25 Thiophanatemethyl Iprodione Boscalid Fluopyram Penthiopyrad Cyprodinil Fludioxonil Fenhexamid Polyoxin D Oxnard 93% 7% 7% 4% 4% 3% 1% 57% 0% Active Ingredient (lb) BOSCALID CYPRODINIL FENHEXAMID FLUDIOXONIL IPRODIONE PENTHIOPYRAD THIOPHANATE-METHYL Year Source: CDPR PUR database

26 Hypothetical results Active Ingredient (lb) BOSCALID CYPRODINIL FENHEXAMID FLUDIOXONIL IPRODIONE PENTHIOPYRAD POLYOXIN D, ZINC SALT THIOPHANATE-METHYL Year Source: CDPR PUR database

27 Source: CDPR PUR database Other uses for cdpr in strbs PMSP Pacific Ocean Santa Maria: 29% resistance Salinas-Watsonville: 6% resistance

28 THANKS TO: California Strawberry Commission California Dept. of Food & Agriculture: SCBGP Dept. of Pesticide Regulation Cal Poly Strawberry Center: Dr. Gerald Holmes & Dr. Kelly Ivors Strawberry growers in all 3 regions & PCA Sage Finch Research collaborators at Clemson: Dr. Guido Schnabel GOT QUESTIONS? sdcosseb@calpoly.edu