Bank of America Tower Latin American Art Collection.pdf

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1 Sotheby's Institute of Art From the SelectedWorks of Nuri Richards September 4, 2017 Bank of America Tower Latin American Art Collection.pdf Nuri Richards, Sotheby's Institute of Art Available at:

2 Thefollowingisafictionalcase,basedonaspecificcorporateclient. DATABASEinformationallowedprovidingbudgetcharts Theinformationregardingpricesofacquisition,insurance,transportation andhandlingwasobtainedthroughgalleriesandserviceproviders. ThedatabaseusedtoorganizetheinformationisCollectorSystemsLLC (2016) THISDOCUMENTISARESOURCEFOR: SalesCoordination ClientUpdates InternalManagement BusinessAnalysis

3 20 th Century Latin American Art In January 2016 Bank of America s Chairman and CEO Brian Thomas Moynihan extended a formal invitation to collaborate with Bank of America Tower as Official Art Advisor. Starting an art collection was an initiative from the board to pursue cultural legacy. s budgets where authorized by the Art Collection Committee, integrated in December The working budget for acquisitions in 2016 was granted by BoA-ACC for 10,000,000 USD, enough to cover 2016 expenses and 2017 expected expenses. Initial Consultation The Art Collection Committee shared with me their interest to start a collection to represent the cultural values of the Bank of America community. They also wanted the collection to appeal to cultural heritage but focusing in a specific style or movements. Another important condition was that the collection will be hosted and displayed at the Bank of America Tower in Manhattan, which is why the committee stressed the importance of this collection to have museum quality artworks, both in their conceptual content and historic relevance. Research and Selection!

4 My client and I decided that the appropriate choice for starting the collection is a selection of 20 th Century Latin American Art that includes sculpture, installation and geometrical works. In a first session we reviewed 20 artists that are part of museum collections or exhibitions in New York, from which we chose 9 to acquire works from. The final selection of artworks allows the collection to be representative of Latin American Art from Mexico, Venezuela, Cuba, Brazil and Colombia. Even though the committee is integrated by professionals with knowledge of art, that attend to museums, galleries and panels, the review of the biography of the artists allowed them to understand the connection between them, not just because they art movements they where part of but also exhibition venues of reference that they shared as part of their main projects, such as Museo del Eco for Alexandre Arrechea (1970) and Mathias Goeritz (1915). Viewing Since the artworks have historic relevance and had been showed in institutions like MoMA and Museo Reina Sofia they are familiar to the committee, which made the visualization process more dynamic. We scheduled 5 private viewings with the 5 galleries that held the artworks the committee was interested in acquiring, David Zwirner, Leon Tovar, Magnan Metz, Andrea Rosen and Sean Kelly. During the viewing we confronted several questions about the materials and installation of the works, the outcome was positive and gave the client the certainty that the collection counts with the expected qualities. The questions related to the installation of Placebo (Gonzalez-Torres), the work with the highest market value and made out of give away candy, and Hasta las narices (Puig) that!

5 requires to pour resin in the floor of indoor lobby of Bank of America Tower. The committee was satisfied to have an interactive artwork that will create engagement with everyone in the tower, they where also pleased with the idea of installing it once a year for a week, with the support of a team of art interns. In the case of Hasta las Narices, the committee s hesitation to acquire the sculpture was overcome when the installation team of UOVO made clear that the floor would not suffer structural damage if the sculpture were removed. Examination of works All the works are in excellent condition to good condition and show consistent signs of aging, for those that belong to the first half of the 20 th Century. For condition evaluation I recommended Corey D Augustine, since he is an expert in unconventional materials. Acquisition Due to acquisitions volume or considering the price of Bank of America Tower Collection acquisitions for 2016, and in order to maintain a healthy relationship with the Art Collection Committee, the acquisitions where gifted by all the galleries with 10% discount as a demonstration of support to the commitment that this endeavor represents. The nine pieces of the collection where installed on November 1 st, 2016 and the opening will take place on Thursday November 3 rd.!

6 Providers Selections and Expected Expenses for 2017 Although at the beginning of the project the client expressed interest to collaborate with a local museum to host the collection, the final decision was to work with the private companies based in New York, according to the interest and standards of Bank of America Tower and keeping the relationship with the museums open for exhibition loans. The collection was insured per artwork and according to Current Market Value; a conservator has been assigned as part of the Art Collection Committee of. The conservator Corey D Augustine was chosen for this position due to his background working with artworks of similar quality and same authors during his career, especially at MoMA and The Metropolitan Museum. The conservator will take care of the needs of the collection, will have a monthly salary and enjoy the benefits that Bank of America offers to the board members. The climate control for the Schendel, Droghuina has been estimated for the 2016 period. Axa Art Insurance and the Head of Conservation have implemented a damage prevention program, in order for the company not to increase fees due negligence.!

7 For shipping and installation services, the collection has signed a 2-year contract with UOVO, receiving a 5-10% discount in future services.!

8 20th Century Latin American Art Total Expenses 2016 Installation Shipping Framing Insurance Acquisition Wise, Christopher UOVO Ebersman, Vivian Axa Gonzalez-Torres, Felix Untitled David Zwirner Gallery 2, ,544,057 Schendel, Mira Droguihna David Zwirner Gallery 2, , , ,887 Davila, Jose Untitled Gallery, Sean Kelly - SKN 2, , ,195. Davila, Jose Untitled Gallery, Sean Kelly - SKN 2, , ,591. Lagos, Miler Untitled Magnan Metz Gallery 1, ,691. Puig, Ivan Hasta las narices Magnan Metz Gallery 2, ,195. Arrechea, Alexandre Orange Tree Magnan Metz Gallery 2, ,289. Espírito Santo, Iran do Untitled Gallery, Sean Kelly - SKN 2, , ,591. Goeritz, Mathias Mensaje Leon Tovar Gallery ,157. Gego Untitled Leon Tovar Gallery , , , , , , , ,513, Acquisition + Expenses ,543,690.93

9 20th Century Latin American Art Market Value Location Name Artist Name Title Inventory Number Acquisition Price Acquisition Tax Acquisition Discount Acquisition Total Bank of America Tower, Executive Floor Lagos, Miler 1973 Untitled , , , , Object(s) Bank of America Tower, Indoor Looby Gego Davila, Jose Untitled , , , , Untitled , , , , Goeritz, Mathias Mensaje , , , , Gonzalez- Untitled ,699, , , ,544,057.6 Torres, Felix Puig, Ivan 1977 Hasta las narices , , , , Schendel, Mira Droguihna , , , , Object(s) Bank of America Tower, Outdoor Looby Arrechea, Alexandre 1970 Davila, Jose 1974 Orange Tree , , , , Untitled , , , , Espírito Santo, Iran do 1963 Untitled , , , , Object(s) 10 Object(s) Total Market Value Total Discounts Total Tax Total Acquisition 9,709, , , ,513,606.38

10 Manhattan, Bank of America New York Tower Collection Illustrated Collection Report 20th Century Latin American Art Arrachea, Alexandre 1970 Orange Tree, 2009 Lacquered aluminum 240 x 40 x 40 in. Bank of America Tower, Outdoor Lobby Davila, Jose 1974 Untitled, 2014 Glass, boulders, and ratchet straps 75 x 113 x 65 in. Bank of America Tower, Indoor Lobby Corporate Collection Case Client: Bank of America, NY 20th Century Latin American Art

11 Manhattan, Bank of America New York Tower Collection Davila, Jose 1974 Untitled, Smoked glass and marble 51 3/16 x 111 7/16 x 34 7/16 in. Bank of America Tower, Outdoor Lobby Espírito Santo, Iran do 1963 Untitled, 2011 Mirror 74 x 127 1/4 x 83 in. Bank of America Tower, Outdoor Looby Corporate Collection Case Client: Bank of America, NY 20th Century Latin American Art

12 Manhattan, Bank of America New York Tower Collection Gego Untitled, 1977 Welded bronze 22 3/4 x 25 1/4 in. Bank of America Tower, Indoor Lobby Goeritz, Mathias Mensaje, 1963 Perforated gold metal on painted wood 19 9/16 x 19 9/16 in. Bank of America Tower, Indoor Lobby Corporate Collection Case Client: Bank of America, NY 20th Century Latin American Art

13 Manhattan, Bank of America New York Tower Collection Gonzalez-Torres, Felix Untitled, 1991 Candies individually wrapped in silver cellophane, endless supply Variable: 1 x 250 x 500 in. weight: 1200 lbs. Bank of America Tower, Indoor Lobby Lagos, Miler 1973 Untitled, 2011 Stacked books 84 x 138 in. Bank of America Tower, Executive Floor Corporate Collection Case Client: Bank of America, NY 20th Century Latin American Art

14 Manhattan, Bank of America New York Tower Collection Puig, Ivan 1977 Hasta las narices, PVC, foam, opaque resin Variable: 90 x 140 in. Bank of America Tower, Indoor Lobby Schendel, Mira Droguihna, 1986 Twisted and braided sheets of rice paper 33 x 18 in. Bank of America Tower, Indoor Lobby Corporate Collection Case Client: Bank of America, NY 20th Century Latin American Art

15 Individual Object Report Cuba Artist Arrechea, Alexandre 1970 Cuba Title Orange Tree, 2009 Medium Lacquered aluminum Dimensions x x cm. Acquisition Price 85, Location Bank of America Tower, Outdoor Lobby Description The sculpture is made of lacquered aluminum painted in red. The basketballs can be substituted depending on the condition of the ones used for exhibition. The basketballs do not have any special inscription or elemental characteristics that makes them fundamental as part of the red post, they are arranged at the bottom of the post resembling fruits that felt down from a tree. The post has 18 rings distributed as branches on the upper mid level of a 20ft post. Condition The aluminum post shows no signs of stress and the paint is in good condition, consistent with the exposure of material to outdoors installation. The Collection Manager or Curator needs to coordinate a team to maintain the air pressure of the floor items at an estimated of PSI Provenance Magnan Metz Gallery New York Exhibitions CRANE, Contemporary Arts and Culture Venue, Philadelphia, Orange Tree, 01/21/ /21/2010 Corporate Collection Ca Client: Bank of America, 20th Century Latin American

16 USA - Cuba Artist Gonzalez-Torres, Felix American (North American) Title Untitled (Placebo), 1991 Medium Candies individually wrapped in silver cellophane, endless supply Dimensions Variable: 2.54 x 635 x 1270 cm. Weight: kg. Acquisition Price 7,699, Location Bank of America Tower, Indoor Lobby Description 1200 lbs. of silver wrapped candy, distributed in a flat surface (floor). Candy provided by the sources of Felix Gonzalez- Torres Foundation. Visitors are allowed to take one piece of candy each; the candy will be replaced the next day. Condition Report is not required. The condition of the candy can be evaluated at its arrival. Provenance Felix Gonzalez-Torres Foundation Exhibitions The Williams College Museum of Art, Felix Gonzalez-Torres Untitled (Placebo), 1991, 12/01/ /23/2008 Foundation Beyeler, Riehen/Basel, Switzerland, Felix Gonzalez-Torres: Specific Objects without Specific Forms, 05/21/ /25/2010 Corporate Collection Ca Client: Bank of America, 20th Century Latin American

17 Venezuela Artist Gego Venezuelan Title Untitled, 1977 Medium Welded bronze Dimensions x cm. Acquisition Price 400, Location Bank of America Tower, Indoor Lobby Description polygonal modules of triangular, pentagonal structure, geometric sculpture made of welded bronze. The modules are put together forming a net, where the empty spaces allow the spectator to have multiple readings depending on the point of perception. The shape is mostly geodesic, although is irregular, since the modules find their own organic shape in order to balance. Condition The sculpture color is consistent with the aging process of the material, welded bronze. There are no signs of structural damage or restoration. Provenance Leon Tovar Gallery, UES With certificate of authenticity from Fundacion Gego Exhibitions Phillips New York, Phillips Auction, The Legacy of Abstraction, 05/25/ /26/2016 Corporate Collection Ca Client: Bank of America, 20th Century Latin American

18 Mexico Artist Goeritz, Mathias German (culture or style) Title Mensaje, 1963 Medium Perforated gold metal on painted wood Dimensions x cm. Acquisition Price 340, Location Bank of America Tower, Indoor Lobby Description Four panels, metal mounted on wood panels. The panels correspond to the same period, although they don't represent a series, therefore the panels can be presented individually or together. The gold tone corresponds to the "Mensaje" wall sculptures produced by Mathias Goeritz during the 1960's, which makes the piece a domestic version of the mural sized works from the same period. Condition Metal and wood panels show signs of aging, overall the materials are stable. Provenance Leon Tovar New York, UES Exhibitions Phillips New York, Latin America Auction, 05/22/ /23/2016, 1/4 Sold for 125,000 Accompanied by a certificate of authenticity signed by Lily Kassner and dated October Corporate Collection Ca Client: Bank of America, 20th Century Latin American

19 Brazil Artist Espírito Santo, Iran do 1963 Brazilian Title Untitled, 2011 Medium Tempered glass mirror Dimensions x x cm. Acquisition Price 70, Location Bank of America Tower, Outdoor Lobby Description This sculpture is made with one sheet of reflective tempered glass. The irregular fold allows the sculpture to sit in the floor at the time that it rests towards a wall. The glass is folded unevenly in a 20-degree angle from the first third (that rests in the floor) to the middle third. The reflective surface of the materials allows the light to create geometrical temporary images. Condition The glass is in excellent condition, no chips or scratches are present. Provenance Sean Kelly Gallery New York Exhibitions Sean Kelly Gallery NY, SWITCH, 03/21/ /18/2012 Corporate Collection Ca Client: Bank of America, 20th Century Latin American

20 Mexico Artist Davila, Jose 1974 Mexican Title Untitled, 2014 Medium Glass, boulders, and ratchet straps Dimensions x x cm. Acquisition Price 40, Location Bank of America Tower, Indoor Lobby Description Two glasses are balanced vertically using the counter weight of three rocks and through the tension of two ratchet straps. All the items are shipped from the gallery in independent crates. Condition The artwork is in excellent condition. Consider that it will require superficial cleaning due to the place it will be installed. The porosity of the rocks and the straps will respond better to a dry environment. Provenance Sean Kelly Gallery New York Exhibitions Sean Kelly Gallery NY, The Lightness of Weight by Jose Davila, 10/24/ /06/2014 Corporate Collection Ca Client: Bank of America, 20th Century Latin American

21 Mexico Artist Davila, Jose 1974 Mexican Title Untitled, 2016 Medium Smoked glass and marble Dimensions x x cm. Acquisition Price 70, Location Bank of America Tower, Outdoor Lobby Description The floor sculpture is constituted by three items that balance each other. Two side angular marble structures hold a glass sheet in place, giving it horizontality. The tempered glass is opaque and the marble structures are light coral; one of them is of irregular shape and lighter in color, the other one is rectangular and both fold to create a 90 degree angle. Condition The sculpture is part of a new series dated and presented on The sculpture presents no damage, chipping or losses. The sculpture will require regular cleaning to protect the surface from dust and regular environmental presences. Provenance Sean Kelly Gallery New York Exhibitions Sean Kelly Gallery NY, Stones Don't Move, 10/28/ /03/2016 Corporate Collection Ca Client: Bank of America, 20th Century Latin American

22 Colombia Artist Lagos, Miler 1973 Colombia Title Untitled, 2011 Medium Stacked books Dimensions x cm. Acquisition Price 65, Location Bank of America Tower, Executive Floor Description Books are disposed in a flat floor, distributed according to artist instructions. The structure has a geodesic shape; with a quarter of the structure open for the public to transit the space. Books are stacked; no glue is required to keep them in place. Condition This is a geodesic construction with a side open, self-supported structure made of 600 hard cover books. The books are numbered and the instructions indicate the position of each item. The books are in good condition; the paper color of the books is consistent to acid aging. Provenance Magnan Metz New York Exhibitions Magnan Metz New York, Miller Lagos: Home, 09/12/ /15/2011 Corporate Collection Ca Client: Bank of America, 20th Century Latin American

23 Brazil Artist Schendel, Mira Brazilian Title Droguihna (Little thing), 1986 Medium Twisted and braided sheets of rice paper Dimensions x cm. Acquisition Price 900, Location Bank of America Tower, Indoor Lobby Description Twisted rice paper with a vertical fall that opens in an upside-down "V" shape. Knots of the same material hold the modules together. Condition The materials of this object had an inherited vice due to the rice paper used as medium. The sculpture experiences common stress related to the manipulation of the materials. Overall the condition is excellent. Provenance Miran Schendel Estate Exhibitions David Zwirner Gallery, Group Show Cut, Folded, Pressed & Other Actions, 09/15/ /29/2016 Corporate Collection Ca Client: Bank of America, 20th Century Latin American

24 Mexico Artist Puig, Ivan 1977 Mexico, Guadalajara Title Hasta las narices, Medium PVC, foam, opaque resin Dimensions Variable: x cm. Acquisition Price 40, Location Bank of America Tower, Indoor Lobby Description A partial top of a 90's VW is displayed as well as a partial driving wheel and partial top area of the driver's seat. The installation must create the imaginary effect of an automobile melting, for this reason the installation requires opaque resin. The resin installation is adaptable to the area where the artwork gets displayed; this should be a flat, clean, prepared floor. Condition The VW top and the other items from the car that constitute the imaginary automobile will require treatment, especially the white enamel paint. This needs to be taken into consideration every time that the artwork is re-installed, since the resin hardens and the items get exposed to the consequences of the interaction with dry resin. Provenance Exhibitions Haus der Kunst, Guadalajara Jal. Mx, Hasta las narices - Instalación, 03/25/ /15/2004 Corporate Collection Ca Client: Bank of America, 20th Century Latin American

25 Bank of America Tower 20th Century Latin American Art Collection Biographic Information Artist Gonzalez-Torres, Felix USA Cuba Born in Cuba (1967), Gonzalez-Torres became part of the N.Y. art collective Material Group in His work is based in minimalistic sculpture and installations that talk about the individual and the collective memory. His portrait of Marcel Brient (1992) set a record auction in the 2010 Phillips auction Carte Blanche, selling at 4,562,500 USD. The installations allow the public to take candy from it, later the piece is weighted in order to complete the amount of candy taken by the visitors. Gonzales-Torres also worked with large-scale images, billboards, which he used as objects to intervene the relationship of the viewer and the space. Reference:

26 Artist Schendel, Mira Brazil Born in Zurich in 1919, Schendel moved to Milan to study philosophy in the Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, when fascism exploded her human rights were taken away since she got registered as a Jewish, leaving the country to a refugee camp in Sarajevo and later returning to Milan while working for a Refugee Organization. She settled in Sao Paolo in 1949, where she started her work with rice paper (1969) and produced sculptures and drawings that narrated the dialogue of post-war works. Her artwork is divided by the production of her "Monotypes" and drawings on Japanese rice paper (1960's), "Ondas paradas de probabilidade" for the 10th Sao Paolo Biennale, her production of objects in clear glass - "Discos", "Troquinhos" and "Transformáveis" (1970's), the black ink and watercolor landscapes ( ), and finally her work in wood (last decade of her life). Reference:

27 Artist Davila, Jose Mexican Mexico 1974 Born in Mexico (1974), currently lives and works in Guadalajara, Mexico Dávila s work is based on the construction of space and architectural paradigms. Starting in 1996 he has exhibited at PS1, New York; Kunstwerke, Berlin; San Diego Museum of Art; Reina Sofia, Madrid; Prague Biennale, Camden Arts Centre, London; Museé de Art Moderne, Saint-Etienne; Fundazione Brogovico 33, Lake Como; IVAM, Valencia; among others. Also has been present in International art fairs like Zona MACO and ArtBo. Exhibitions of Reference 2012 Rotary connection Casey Kaplan, New York 2010 The white cabinet Fundación colección JUMEX, México city 2009 Where do we go from here? Bass Museum of Art, Miami 2005 Eco. Mexican contemporary art Reina Sofia Museum, Madrid 1999 Searching for an unconquered place Museo Ex-Teresa Arte Actual, Mexico City Reference:

28 Artist Davila, Jose Mexico 1974 Born in Mexico (1974), currently lives and works in Guadalajara, Mexico Dávila s work is based on the construction of space and architectural paradigms. Starting in 1996 he has exhibited at PS1, New York; Kunstwerke, Berlin; San Diego Museum of Art; Reina Sofia, Madrid; Prague Biennale, Camden Arts Centre, London; Museé de Art Moderne, Saint-Etienne; Fundazione Brogovico 33, Lake Como; IVAM, Valencia; among others. Also has been present in International art fairs like Zona MACO and ArtBo. Exhibitions of Reference 2012 Rotary connection Casey Kaplan, New York 2010 The white cabinet Fundación colección JUMEX, México city 2009 Where do we go from here? Bass Museum of Art, Miami 2005 Eco. Mexican contemporary art Reina Sofia Museum, Madrid 1999 Searching for an unconquered place Museo Ex-Teresa Arte Actual, Mexico City Reference:

29 Artist Lagos, Miler Colombia 1973 Born in Colombia (1973), Lagos graduated from the Universidad Nacional de Colombia in Arts. His conceptual propositions review social concerns through the repurpose of materials to talk about the common spaces. The use of these materials comes with an intention of reading the works beyond their shape or structure. Lagos presented Unsettled Landscapes on Site Santa Fe, a sculpture made out of three tons of recycled local newspapers. Exhibitions of Reference 2014 Lat N Long W, Frost Art Museum, Miami, FL 2013 The Great Tree of Water, Magnan Metz Gallery, New York, NY 2011 Home, Magnan Metz Gallery, New York, NY 2008 Semillas Mágicas, Galería Enrique Guerrero, México D.F. México 2007 Cimiento, Centro cultural Universidad de Salamanca, Bogotá, Colombia 2002 Niveles Soberanos, Galería Valenzuela Y Klenner, Bogotá, Colombia Reference:

30 Artist Puig, Ivan Mexico, Guadalajara 1977 His work is based on the idea of invention, as shown in his collaborations with Armas and Esparza. In his website he writes about his intention to make people smile but at the same time intervene spaces to make creativity tangible. Exhibitions of Reference 2013 Not A Car, Magnan Metz Gallery, New York, NY 2012 SEFT-1, Stanlee and Gerald Rubin Center for the Visual Arts. The University of Texas at El Paso SEFT-1, Centennial Museum. The University of Texas at El Paso SEFT-1 LARVA, Laboratorio de Arte Variedades, Guadalajara, MX Homo nymo, Kunsthaus Gallery, Miami 2009 Chango, ya no le dediques tanto tiempo a los pajaritos, Kunsthaus Gallery, San Miguel de Allende, Guanajuato, MX 2007 Constante Sound Project, Sector Reforma Gallery, Guadalajara, Jalisco, MX 2004 Hasta las narices Instalation, Haus der Kunst Gallery, Guadalajara, Jalisco, MX 2001 Tour de Force Interventions on public sculptures, Sala Polivalente, Guanajuato, MX 1997 INSOLUBLE by espiral del arte, tour through Guanajuato State Reference:

31 Artist Arrechea, Alexandre Cuba 1970 Alexandre Arrechea Born in Trinidad, Cuba (1970). Graduated from the Instituto of Arte Superior de la Habana and worked with the art collective Los Carpinteros for nine years ( ), group that he left to experiment individually and start the installation El Jardin de la Desconfianza in which the artist worked for two years. He often works with objects that present themself at as sculptural objects, usually working with elements that relate to social conditions on human interaction. Arrachea has exhibited at LACMA, MoMA and Museo de la Habana. He works in between USA, Spain and Cuba Exhibitions of Reference 2014 The map and the fact, [September 12 October 12] Magnan Metz Gallery, New York, NY Orange tree, Non profit space Ice Box Project Space in conjunction with Philagrafika, Philadelphia, PA Scalpel and cotton, [February 15] Contemporary Links[June 30] San Diego Museum of Art, San Diego Sudor. Proyecto de arte público [February 13], Havana, Cuba Construimos el puente para que cruce la gente, construimos paredes para que el sol no llegue [March 14] Angel Romero Gallery, Madrid, Spain. Reference:

32 Artist Espírito Santo, Iran do Brazilian 1963 Iran do Espirito Santo born in Brazil in 1963, currently based in Sao Paolo. Already part of the artists of the Museum of Modern Art in New York, also represented Brazil at the Venice Biennale. Known for his wall drawings, and floor and wall sculptures, Espirito Santo is one of the current minimalist artists working with sculpture on glass, stainless steel, plaster and stone. Exhibitions of Reference 2016 Iran do Espírito Santo: Fuso, Galeria Fortes Vilaça, São Paulo, Brazil Iran do Espírito Santo, Richard Ingleby Gallery, Edinburgh, Scotland Iran do Espírito Santo, Museo de Arte Carrillo Gil, Mexico City, Mexico Nada Mais Natural, Galeria Fortes Vilaça, São Paulo, Brazil. Reference:

33 Artist Goeritz, Mathias German (culture or style) Born in Germany ( ), PhD on Art History by Berlin's Friedrich-Wilhelm-Universität and trained as an artist in Kunstgewerbe- und Handwerkerschule Berlin-Charlottenberg. Goeritz left Germany during WWII and arrived to Mexico in 1949 and in 1953 presented "Manifiesto de la Arquitectura Emocional" at the preinauguration of the Museo Experimental El Eco in Mexico City. Goeritz was adopted by the generation of Mexican artists and work plenty with architectural meta-artistic processes. Reference:

34 Artist Gego, Venezuelan Gertrud Louise Goldschmidt ( ) born in Deutschland built her production in Caracas, Venezuela. Her most serious pieces were produced in the decades of the 60's and 70's. Became one of the most relevant geometric abstract sculptors. Gego's work is an analysis about empty spaces. Exhibitions of Reference 1994 Gego, una mirada a su obra. Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Caracas,Sofia Imber. MACCSI. Caracas. Venezuela 1972 Estructuras (doble curvatura). Galería Conkright. Caracas. Venezuela 1967 Gego: Esculturas , Biblioteca Luis Ángel Arango. Bogotá. Colombia 1958 Esculturas y guaches. Librería Cruz del Sur. Caracas. Venezuela Reference: