CUMBRIA Allerdale 2/635 (C.16.6017) NY 11803070 BRIDGE STREET, COCKERMOUTH Report on an Archaeological Evaluation at Bridge Street, Cockermouth, Cumbria (Report No. 5/00) Grahame, R Carlisle : Carlisle Archaeology Ltd, 2000, 10pp, figs, tabs An archaeological evaluation was undertaken which revealed building and demolition activity had taken place across the site over the last two hundred years. The dumping of a large amount of rubble and burnt material, probably intended to raise the level of the yard above the risk of flooding had also occurred. The only area not affected was the interior of the recently demolished building in the southeastern corner of the yard. This appeared to have filled with soil during the period of its existence. Due to the depth of modern dumping and disturbance, most of the aims of this investigation were not realised. No traces of medieval buildings, ancillary structures or boundaries were uncovered. Although it was possible that some truncation of the archaeological deposits had taken place in modern times, it was equally possible that such features lay at a considerable depth below the present ground surface. If so, it was considered that they were unlikely to be adversely affected by the proposed development. [Au(adp)] SMR primary record number: 2CAL00BRIA, 5553 Archaeological periods represented: MD, PM, MO 2/636 (C.16.6018) NY 04703656 SYCAMORE ROAD, NETHERTON, MARYPORT Report on an Archaeological Evaluation at Sycamore Road, Netherton, Maryport, Cumbria (Report No. 10/00) Giecco, F Carlisle : Carlisle Archaeology Ltd, 2000, 7pp, figs, tabs, refs An archaeological evaluation, comprising a desk-based assessment and the excavation of 36 trial trenches, was undertaken. Throughout the site, the topsoil was seen to overlie a deposit producing small quantities of 18th-19th century pottery, which could best be interpreted as a post-medieval plough soil. Trench 1 was placed over a small circular earthwork, which was identified as a modern cut feature containing a pipe, possibly linked to a septic tank. A small depression to the south west of trench 8 was allegedly a former mine shaft, filled with rubble in the 1960s. Due to health and safety concerns, no excavation took place on this feature, the nature of which was not confirmed. Trench 18 was placed over a ditch which corresponded to an old field boundary observed on the 1st edition OS map (1864). The feature produced 19th century pottery. Trenches 24 and 32 were placed over a linear depression running the whole length of the field, this was found to contain a large plastic land drain. [Au(adp)] SMR primary record number: 10721 Archaeological periods represented: PR, PM, MO Barrow-in-Furness 2/637 (C.16.6019) SD 24006625 CLARKE'S ARMS HOTEL, RAMPSIDE Clarke's Arms Hotel, Rampside, Cumbria. Archaeological Evaluation (Final Report) Matrix Archaeology Sheffield : Matrix Archaeology, 2000, 27pp, figs, tabs, refs Work undertaken by: ARCUS, Matrix Archaeology 1
Five trial trenches were excavated as part of the evaluation of the site. No evidence was encountered to suggest either prehistoric or medieval settlement activity, although a single sherd of medieval pottery was recovered. Given the proximity of 17th century dwellings at Rampside Hall and Bay Windows Farm, the presence of post-medieval pottery was not surprising and indeed fairly large amounts of 18th to 20th century pottery sherds, animal bone, glass and clay pipe stems were identified. Trial trenching did not identify the two north-south boundaries shown on early cartographic sources, but a possible boundary ditch was observed within trench 4, c.3m to the west of the plotted alignment. Although recent cultivation suggested that a significant degree of truncation of deposits might have occurred across the site, if some form of settlement had occurred in the medieval or early post-medieval periods, then more pottery and other finds would be expected. [Au(adp)] SMR primary record number: S15/2598 Archaeological periods represented: MD, PM, MO, UD 2/638 (C.16.6001) SD 22106890 FORMER ROOSE HOSPITAL, BARROW Former Roose Hospital, Barrow, Cumbria. Archaeological Evaluation Heawood, R & Town, M Lancaster : Lancaster University Archaeological Unit, 2000, 48pp, figs, tabs, refs An archaeological assessment and evaluation was undertaken. The desktop assessment identified the presence of several probable Bronze Age barrow sites in the vicinity of the proposed development area, as well as the find spots of a number of Neolithic or Bronze Age artefacts. It also demonstrated that the former hospital lay on the site of a workhouse built in 1878. Subsequently, some 26 evaluation trenches were opened. The features revealed were predominantly modern service trenches, field drains, plough furrows, and bedding trenches, but three undated pits were also recorded. No artefacts of significance were recovered and no evidence was found to suggest that the proposed housing development would have had an impact on significant archaeological remains. [Au(abr)] Archaeological periods represented: PM, MO, UD 2/639 (C.16.6010) SD 19357265 WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT EXTENSION, KIMBERLEY CLARK, BARROW MILL, BARROW-IN-FURNESS Archaeological Evaluation of a Waste Water Plant Extension, Kimberley Clark, Barrow Mill, Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria Stronach, S Edinburgh : Headland Archaeology Ltd, 2000, 9pp, figs, tabs, refs Work undertaken by: Headland Archaeology Ltd An archaeological trial evaluation was undertaken prior to development. The site had been subject to an earlier desk-based assessment and walkover, which had established the potential for surviving archaeological remains within the area. A total of nine linear trenches were machine-excavated. All exhibited a simple stratigraphic sequence comprising topsoil derived from silty clay subsoil with some modern disturbance near the standing effluent treatment building. No deposits, features or artefacts of archaeological significance were encountered and no further archaeological work was recommended. [Au(abr)] SMR primary record number: 6HEA00BARA Archaeological periods represented: UD 2
Carlisle 2/640 (C.16.6002) NY 40305730 CUMBRIA COLLEGE OF ART AND DESIGN, CARLISLE Cumbria College of Art and Design, Carlisle. Interim Report of Phase 4 Archaeological Excavation and Watching Brief Town, M Lancaster : Lancaster University Archaeological Unit, 2000, 41pp, figs, tabs, refs An excavation and watching brief was carried out on the site of the College. The area had been identified as being of high archaeological importance (SAM 28484). The watching brief on a pipe trench revealed a deposit of clay and cobbles running about 2/3 of the length of the trench. The evaluation to the north of the main College building and immediately south of the pipe trench, revealed mainly 19th and 20th century features and soil horizons. However, excavation in the centre of the trench revealed a deposit of clay and cobbles as identified in the watching brief. This consisted of two phases of cobbled surface, which abutted a metalled surface at the western end. Roman tile, brick and pottery were uncovered embedded in the cobbled surface. The evidence suggested that a series of extensive cobbled surfaces associated with the adjacent Roman fort of Stanwix. [Au(abr)] 2/641 (C.16.6006) NY 36885787 EDENHOLME FARM, GRINSDALE Edenholme Farm, Grinsdale, Cumbria. Archaeological Evaluation McNaught, P Lancaster : Lancaster University Archaeological Unit, 2000, 24pp, figs, refs An evaluation was undertaken in advance of the redevelopment of the farmyard for housing. Three evaluation trenches were excavated, but only one revealed features of archaeological significance. Trench 3 revealed a shallow ditch aligned east west, at the southern end of the farmyard. The profile of the ditch suggested that it was not used for defensive purposes. No structural evidence associated with the development of the farm on the site was observed within any of the trenches and no datable finds were recovered. The discovery of a shallow ditch within one of the evaluation trenches and the previous discoveries of a substantial ditch indicated some as yet unidentified past activity within the study area. It was therefore recommended that further archaeological investigations be carried out during the development of the western and southern areas of the site to ascertain the nature and possible usage of this and any possible associated features. [Au(abr)] Archaeological periods represented: MO, UD 2/642 (C.16.6014) NY 43305370 GARLANDS HOSPITAL, CARLISLE Report on an Archaeological Evaluation at Garlands Hospital, Carlisle, Cumbria (Report No. 28/00) Grahame, R Carlisle : Carlisle Archaeology Ltd, 2000, 11pp, figs, tabs An evaluation, consisting of the excavation of nine trial trenches, was carried out prior to housing development. A single archaeological feature was identified in trench 8, which consisted of an undated linear feature orientated E-W. It was clear that a considerable amount of landscaping had taken place on the site, as areas of terracing were clearly visible. In the area at the top of the hill (trenches 5-9), archaeological features may have survived below the modern deposits, probably truncated by disturbance. Down the hill-slope in the garden area (Trenches 1-4), any archaeological deposits which survived would be buried beneath re-deposited material. Only one trench possibly contained undisturbed remains. Given the extensive disturbance that took place in the mid-19th century when the hospital was built, combined with the re-deposition of large amounts of sand a watching brief was recommended during development. [Au(adp)] SMR primary record number: S15/484 3
Archaeological periods represented: PM, MO, UD 2/643 (C.16.6020) NY 39595589 LAND AT MILBOURNE STREET, CARLISLE Report on an Archaeological Evaluation on Land at Milbourne Street, Carlisle, Cumbria (Report No. 38/00) Giecco, F Carlisle : Carlisle Archaeology Ltd, 2000, 8pp, figs An archaeological evaluation was undertaken prior to development, which consisted of the excavation of three trial trenches. The site produced no remains of any archaeological interest. Any archaeological remains dating to the medieval period or earlier were highly likely to have been removed by the 19th century redevelopment of Milbourne Street. [Au(adp)] Archaeological periods represented: MD, PM 2/644 (C.16.6011) NY 38156894 OLD SAW MILL SITE, NETHERBY ROAD, LONGTOWN Archaeological Evaluation of the Old Saw Mill Site, Netherby Road, Longtown, Cumbria Moloney, C Edinburgh : Headland Archaeology Ltd, 2000, 9pp, figs, tabs Work undertaken by: Headland Archaeology Ltd An archaeological evaluation was undertaken in advance of a proposed mixed-use development. A total of ten linear trenches were machine excavated. A large ditch aligned north to south was identified running from the central area of the site towards the southern boundary. No dateable artefacts were recovered and no interpretation could be offered for function. No further archaeological features, deposits of artefacts were recovered. [Au(abr)] SMR primary record number: 19315 Archaeological periods represented: MO, UD 2/645 (C.16.6012) NY 44896244 SCALEBY CASTLE, SCALEBY Report on an Archaeological Evaluation at Scaleby Castle, Scaleby, Cumbria Reeves, J Carlisle : Carlisle Archaeology Ltd, 2000, 14pp, figs, refs An archaeological evaluation, consisting of desk-based assessment and the excavation of two trial trenches, was undertaken prior to residential and office development. This range of buildings involved lay within the moated area close to the entrance of the castle courtyard. Both evaluation trenches suggested that the surviving deposits on this part of the site dated, almost exclusively, to the postmedieval period. A single sherd of 13th-14th century pottery indicated limited use in the medieval period, with no associated surfaces or structures detected. Despite the lack of direct evidence, however, the proximity of the castle's entrance suggested buildings in this area were likely during the medieval period. The absence of evidence may have been due to the ephemeral nature of the putative buildings, thorough robbing and re-use of material following demolition, or extensive post-medieval disturbance. [Au(adp)] SMR primary record number: 2905 Archaeological periods represented: MD, PM, UD 4
2/646 (C.16.6005) NY 40305730 WALLED GARDEN,CUMBRIA COLLEGE OF ART AND DESIGN Cumbria College of Art and Design, Carlisle. Interim Report on the Phase 5 Evaluation of the Walled Garden Town, M Lancaster : Lancaster University Archaeological Unit, 2000, 38pp, colour pls, figs, refs An evaluation was undertaken within the walled gardens of the college. Three trenches were excavated; two of which revealed only natural deposits and features associated with the garden. The third trench revealed a ditch, which in profile appeared to be of Roman military type but contained few diagnostic finds. The ditch consisted of a steep-sided V-shaped cut running north/south, with a slight change in gradient towards the base, where it steepened. The fills appeared to represent a short period of use and seem to have been backfilled very quickly. It was hypothesised that the ditch was of Roman-military origin and therefore likely to have predated the Hadrian's Wall fort at Stanwix. It may have been part of a temporary installation, although its date could not be ascertained. It was therefore recommended that further evaluation trenching be undertaken to examine the area to the south of the third trench once the temporary buildings have been removed in order to assess the line and character of the ditch and investigate the area to the west of the ditch. [Au(abr)] Archaeological periods represented: RO, PM, UD Copeland 2/647 (C.16.6009) SD 04509860 DRIGG Drigg, Cumbria. Assessment of Archaeological Evaluation Town, M, Howard-Davis, C & Huckerbury, E Lancaster : Lancaster University Archaeological Unit, 2001, 65pp, figs, tabs, refs The evaluation at the site, a putative Bronze Age hearth/burnt mound, was carried out following concerns regarding erosion. Features of archaeological interest lay within or immediately below the peat layer and several flint implements were found indirectly associated with the complex. Radiocarbon dating of charcoal from the 'hearth' suggested it dated to the late Neolithic/Early Bronze Age. The 'hearth' had been substantially effected by erosion and a previous evaluation revealed that most of the exposed timbers had been destroyed by a rapid acceleration of coastal erosion, although the burnt layer still appeared considerable. The surrounding topography was surveyed using GPS and a further putative hearth was discovered exposed in the cliff face some 65m to the north of the evaluation site. Two trenches were also excavated which examined the deposit of burnt stone visible in the section and one of the extant timbers. All archaeologically significant deposits were analysed. [Au(abr)] 2/648 (C.16.6004) NY 13700140 MITERDALE AND GIGGLE ALLEY FORESTS Miterdale and Giggle Alley Forests, Cumbria. Archaeological Survey Report Newman, C & Scurfield, C Lancaster : Lancaster University Archaeological Unit, 2000, 122pp, figs, tabs, refs An archaeological assessment was undertaken in the forestry at Miterdale. Documentary evidence revealed the presence of skali field names, so medieval shielings (seasonally-occupied dwellings in areas of summer grazing) might be present and it appeared that these had become permanent well before the 16th century, by which time there were six farmsteads documented in the area. Through the 5
18th and 19th centuries these went through a process of consolidation and by the mid-19th century only 3 farms survived. The identification survey revealed a limited prehistoric resource, mainly in the form of funerary cairns on the northern side of the valley. However, a small cairnfield was identified near the valley bottom at Blake Bank, which may have been an isolated survival despite subsequent intensive landscaping of the area. Associated with one of the farmsteads was a relict field system with decayed stone bank boundaries, ridge and furrow and clearance cairns. A number of potash kilns, bloomeries and a limited number of quarries were also identified. [Au(abr)] Archaeological periods represented: BA, PR, MD, PM, MO, UD Eden 2/649 (C.16.6016) NY 63762575 FIELD 8866, KIRKBY THORE Report on an Archaeological Evaluation at Kirkby Thore, Cumbria (Report No. 32/00) Grahame, R Carlisle : Carlisle Archaeology Ltd, 2000, 16pp, figs, tabs, refs An evaluation, consisting of the excavation of six trial trenches, was undertaken prior to development. Roman pottery and features were located, concentrated on the higher ground. Trenches 1, 2 and 3 revealed a ploughsoil, probably of medieval date. In trench 3, a single linear feature and a cobble surface of believed post-medieval date were identified. The cobble feature at the NE end of trench 6 appeared to be the same as the medieval wall, ditch and cobble surface found in trench 2/7. Trench 1 contained a large post-pit indicated the presence of a substantial structure, possibly of medieval date. In trench 2, a gully and posthole appeared to be structural remains possibly relating to the features in trench 4. Wall foundations were revealed, suggesting it may have been 50m in length and pottery finds dated it to the medieval period. The most important and best-preserved remains appeared to be Roman, which almost certainly related to the extra-mural vicus and probably included buildings, yards and ancillary working areas, as well as boundaries of properties or fields. [Au(adp)] Archaeological periods represented: PR, RO, MD, PM, MO, UD 2/650 (C.16.6015) NY 63782574 KIRKBY THORE Geophysical Survey Report 2000/87. Kirkby Thore, Cumbria GSB Prospection Bradford : GSB Prospection, 2000, 17pp, figs, refs Work undertaken by: GSB Prospection Detailed gradiometer survey was undertaken with the aim of identifying any areas of significant archaeological interest within the proposed development site. A number of ditch, pit and structural anomalies, some of which appeared to correspond with evidence from earlier excavation, were recorded. Whilst it was not possible to match the complexity of archaeological features recorded during trial trenching with the resistance survey, the gradiometer results displayed a dense concentration of anomalies which were believed to have been of some interest. The level of magnetic disturbance, over much of the eastern half of the site and the extent of the former ridge and furrow ploughing, complicated interpretation. Disturbance from earlier trial trenches had also obscured several responses of potential interest. [Au(adp)] 2/651 (C.16.6008) NY 62461605 LAND AT MEABURN HILL, MAULD'S MEABURN Land at Meaburn Hill, Mauld's Meaburn, Cumbria. Archaeological Assessment and Evaluation Hughes, V Lancaster : Lancaster University Archaeological Unit, 2000, 46pp, figs, tabs, refs 6
A desktop assessment was undertaken prior to residential development. No topographical features were visible in the immediate area, but to the north there was a large number of earthworks associated with the larger medieval village of Maulds Meaburn. The site lay within the Hazard Area of Maulds Meaburn Village as defined by the SMR. The identified archaeological remains comprised typical examples of medieval through to post-medieval agricultural and settlement features. Four trenches were excavated. Trench 1 contained numerous layers and features. In trench 2, four features were identified but in trench 3 only one was identified. The evaluation illustrated that the level of truncation from modern features was relatively low and although earlier features were observed, no certain dates could be established. The work also confirmed that the land to the west had been raised up and levelled which had, effectively, sealed earlier layers and/or features. [Au(abr)] Archaeological periods represented: MO, UD 2/652 (C.16.6003) NY 55402530 LAND AT MELKINTHORPE Land at Melkinthorpe, Cumbria. Evaluation Report Hair, N Lancaster : Lancaster University Archaeological Unit, 2000, 33pp, figs, tabs, refs The archaeological evaluation was undertaken in order to inform a SAM consent application prior to the development. The survey of earthworks and the excavation of two evaluation trenches were carried out. To the rear of the plot was a series of aratral-shaped fields, containing ridge and furrow and two irregularly shaped sub-rectangular platforms. The easternmost of these was overlain by the modern roadside wall, which was stepped in from the line of the road. Two building platforms appeared to be present within the plot. Trench 1 revealed a cobble spread, which contained 18th/19th-century pottery. Trench 2 was positioned on a second platform in the southeast part of the plot. It similarly produced no evidence of medieval occupation. A stone field drain was encountered within the west part of the trench, which may have been of either medieval or post-medieval date. Two patchy cobble surfaces, sealed below the topsoil, probably dated from the post-medieval period. Despite the surface indications, the evaluation trenches revealed no definitive structural evidence of medieval or postmedieval date. [Au(abr)] Archaeological periods represented: PM, UD 2/653 (C.16.6000) NY 51212996 PENRITH STATION, PENRITH Penrith Station, Penrith, Cumbria. Archaeological Evaluation Newman, C & McNaught, P Lancaster : Lancaster University Archaeological Unit, 2000, 34pp, figs, tabs, refs An archaeological evaluation, consisting of a desk-based assessment and the excavation of two trail trenches, was undertaken in response to a planning condition. The SMR contained eight sites located in the vicinity of the study area, including the findspot of a cup and ring marked stone, two findspots of Roman coins, a Scandinavian brooch, and an Elizabethan coin. The study area lay close to the medieval Penrith castle in an area, which before the construction of the railway, was situated in the field known as Castle Garth, close to the northwestern side of the castle. No evidence for standing structures prior to the late 19th century were identified, but the area may have contained part of the castle moat and one ditch, noted during the evaluation, may have been associated with it. [Au(abr)] Archaeological periods represented: PM, UD 7
South Lakeland 2/654 (C.16.6013) SD 34108870 RUSLAND TANNERY, RUSLAND Report on an Archaeological Evaluation at Rusland Tannery, Rusland, Cumbria Reeves, J Carlisle : Carlisle Archaeology Ltd, 2000, 14pp, figs, tabs, refs An archaeological evaluation was undertaken prior proposals to develop. The evaluation work in the tan yard revealed a series of buildings, pits, surfaces and other deposits relating to the use of the site as a tannery during the 19th century. The work shed new light on the layout of the eastern part of the tanyard, at least during its later phases and had defined areas where particular processes were carried out. Geophysical survey had demonstrated that, in all probability, the tannery complex once extended into the field south of the present tan-yard. This part of the complex must, however, have fallen into disuse by 1888 at the latest, since the OS map of that date depicted what may have been a small orchard occupying the field. [Au(adp)] Archaeological periods represented: PM, UD 2/655 (C.16.6007) SP 36008150 STRIBERS BANK WINDFARM Stribers Bank Windfarm, Cumbria. Assessment Report Newman, C & Scurfield, C Lancaster : Lancaster University Archaeological Unit, 2000, 40pp, colour pls, figs, tabs, refs An archaeological assessment, consisting of a desk-based study and an identification survey was undertaken. The desk-based study established that this area had been the subject of parliamentary enclosure, in the late 18th/early 19th centuries and prior to this the area had been open common. The identification survey identified 14 sites across the study area, including a small cultivated plot and four putative clearance cairns. Although these features were inherently undateable, there were possibly of a prehistoric origin. There was also the potential for further archaeological remains below ground. [Au(abr)] Archaeological periods represented: PR, PM, MO, UD 8