39. Кумло индешымше урок: У пайрем-влак

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1 39. Кумло индешымше урок: У пайрем-влак Кумло индешымше урок: У пайрем-влак I. Text Марий йӱлаште икмыняр пайрем кинде дене кылдалтын: Угинде пайрем, У пучымыш, Шыже кӱсӧ. «Кинде деч кугу от лий», манеш марий калык. Угинде пайремым ожно уржа-сорла тӱҥалме кечын, кугарнян, пайремленыт, а кызыт 2-шо августышто, Илян кечын, палемдат. Ты кечын у ложаш гыч киндым кӱэштыныт, сырам шолтеныт. Ешыште эн кугу еҥ ал е пайремыш лӱмынак ӱжмӧ карт кугыза сортам чӱктен да юмылан пелештен, у киндылан тауштен. Южо кундемыште ял калык кӱсотышко лектын, Перке юмылан кумалын, надырым пуэн. Таче ты пайремын сынже изиш вестӱрлӧ. Тиде кечын у пареҥгым кӱнчен ончат, тылеч вара гына тудым кочкаш тӱҥалыт. Пайрем осыгечын мончаш олтат, тоштыеҥым ӱжын пуртат. Юмылан пелештымеке, угинде чес дене (мелна кышыл, салмамуно, туара, пура, мӱй, кол, кайыквусо шыл, у пакчасаска, емыж) тоштыеҥым шарнен, шӱгарлаваке каят. Вес тӱняш кайыше родо-тукымыштын шӱгарышт воктене угинде чесым луктын шындат. Мӧҥгӧ пӧртылмеке, тиде кечын кугу пашам огыт ыште, пайрем семын эртарат. Жап вашталтме семын марий-влакын у пайрем-влак шочыныт: Пеледыш пайремым июнь тылзыште (пеледыш тылзын) Марий Эл мучко пайремлат. Тиде волгыдо, кумылым нӧлтышӧ пайрем. Йошкар-Олаште пайрем рӱдӧ площадьыште тӱҥалеш да кече мучко шуйна. Тӱрлӧ вере калык мурымашыш, куштымашыш, модмашыш ушна. Марий эстрадын шӱдыржӧ-влак пайремым сӧрастарат. Самырык-влаклан этнодискотеке эртаралтеш. Шукерте огыл йоча-влакын шкеныштын «Изи мӧр пеледыш» пайрем шочын. Икымше гана тудым 2013-шо ийыште Ӱшнӱр кыдалаш школышто эртареныт.

2 Кумло индешымше урок: У пайрем-влак Марий талешке кечым (патыр-влакым шарныме кечым) 26-шо апрельыште (вӱдшор тылзын) палемдат. Тиде кечын 1556-шо ийыште кугыжан сарзе дене кредалмаште Малмыж орым аралыме годым марий талешке Полтыш шке вуйжым пыштен. Марий-влак икымше гана Талешке кечым 1917-ше ийыште, вараже 1991-ше ийыште гына угыч палемдаш тӱҥалыныт. Ты кечын марий-влак Полтышлан, Чумбылатлан (Киров кундемысе Чумбылат курыкышто кумалтыш эртаралтеш), Чоткарлан, Акпатырлан, Акпарслан, Мамич- Бердейлан да молыланат кумалыт да нунылан, порын шарналтен, суап пашаштлан тауштат. Йошкар-Олаште самырык-влак «Мый марла ойлем» акцийым эртарат. Тоштерлаште, библиотекылаште, школлаште шуко мероприятий самырык тукымым марий талешкевлак дене палдара. Марий тиште кечым 90-ше ийла гыч пайремлаш тӱҥалыныт. Тиде кече 1775-ше ийын Петербургышто лекше икымше марий грамматике дене кылдалтын. Тиште кечым 10-шо декабрьыште (теле тылзын) 1990-ше ий гыч палемдат. Тиде кече сылнымутым йӧратыше-влакым иквереш уша. Шуко еҥ тӱшкан возымо марла диктант акцийыште шкенжым терга. Марий вургем пайрем 2002-шо ий гыч эртаралтеш. Тиде моткоч сылне марий вургем конкурс семын эртыше пайрем. Тӱрлӧ кундемлаште илыше марийвлак шке вургемышт дене пайремыш толшо еҥ-влакым куандарат. Моло калык дене пырля кызытсе пагытыште эше Ӱдырамаш пайремым, Сеҥымаш кечым, Марий Элын шочмо кечыжым, ял лӱмгечым да молымат палемдат. Ӱдыр-влак марий тиште кечын диктантым возат.

3 39. Кумло индешымше урок: У пайрем-влак 503 II. Vocabulary акций action, act вестӱрлӧ different вуйым пышташ (-ем) to lay down one s life, to die вӱдшор flood, high water вӱдшор тылзе April /see IV.1./ диктант dictation Илян кече Saint Elijah s Day (2 August) кайыквусо wild birds, wildfowl конкурс competition, contest кредалмаш fight, battle кышыл heap, pile, stack лӱмгече anniversary, jubilee Марий вургем пайрем Day of Mari Folk Costume Марий талешке кече Day of Mari Heroes Марий тиште кече Day of Mari Literacy мероприятий event, activity модмаш playing, game мончаш олташ (-ем) to heat the sauna мурымаш singing надыр donation, sacrifice олташ (-ем) to heat ор fortress, stronghold осыгече day before, eve пайремлаш (-ем) to celebrate пакчасаска vegetables патыр strongman, hero Пеледыш пайрем (celebration in June) пеледыш тылзе June /see IV.1./ Петербург Saint Petersburg пучымыш сар сарзе Сеҥымаш кече сорла суап сыра талешке таушташ (-ем) теле тылзе тиште тоштыеҥ тӱрлӧ вере У пучымыш угинде Угинде пайрем уржа уржа-сорла Ӱдырамаш пайрем Ӱшнӱр шарналташ (-ем) шор шӱгар шӱгарлавак(е) Шыже кӱсӧ этнодискотеке ял лӱмгече porridge war warrior, fighter Victory Day (9 May) sickle good/noble deeds, good beer hero to thank December /see IV.1./ sign, symbol; letter, character (spirits of one s) ancestors, forefathers in different places (celebration in autumn) new crop, new harvest (harvest festival) rye harvest, rye harvest International Women s Day (8 March) (village in Mari El, Russian: Верх-Ушнур) to remember wetland; melted, thawed grave to the cemetery (holiday in autumn) ethno disco anniversary of a village

4 504 Кандашымше теме: Марий йӱла да пайрем III. Grammar 1. Participles + -ан: The suffix -ан see 2.IV.2. (page 59) can be attached to the participles to create adjectives similar, but not identical, in meaning to the participle when used as an adjective. The forms marked with the suffix -ан in many cases denote a tendency or capacity, rather than a realized state. It can be attached to all four participles used in Mari: the active participle in -ше/-шо/-шӧ, the passive participle in -ме/-мо/-мӧ see 14.III.3. (page 191) for both the future-necessitive participle in -шаш see 19.III.6. (page 258) and the negative participle in -дыме/-дымо/-дымӧ see 29.III.1. (page 364). Verb Participle Derived adjective почаш (-ам) to open почмо opened почман openable илаш (-ем) to live илыме lived илыман habitable лӱдаш (-ам) to be afraid лӱдшӧ scared, afraid лӱдшан timid, fearful малаш (-ем) to sleep малыше sleeping малышан sleepy колаш (-ем) to die колышаш dying колышашан deadly лияш (-ям) to become лийшаш coming лийшашан future чарнаш (-ем) to stop чарныдыме uninterrupted чарныдыман constant кӱлаш (-ам) to be needed кӱлдымӧ unneeded кӱлдыман worthless Кызыт марий-влак илыман кундемлаште Пеледыш пайрем эрта. Лӱдшан айдеме коклаштына уке. Колышашан ситуацийыштат икте-весым она кодо. Кӱлдыман пашалан жапым ит йомдаре. The Flower Festival is being celebrated in the areas where Maris live now. There is not a timid person among us. We will not abandon one another, even if we re facing a deadly situation. Don t waste your time on worthless efforts. 2. Weakened imperative forms: The suffixes -я and -ян can be attached to the forms of the imperative second person to add a more inviting, less commanding tone to a statement. It is predominantly used with positive forms. Note that the suffixes are separated from the stem with a hyphen in orthography, and that final vowels of second conjugation verbs are not reduced. Вӧдыр, колышт-я! Ончыза-я, мемнан вийна могае лие! Ончо-ян имньыжым! Колыштса-ян, ала-кушто кӱсле дене шоктат. Vödyr, listen! Just look how much our strength has increased! Oh look at his/her horse! Listen, a gusli is being played somewhere. 3. The clitic -(ы)с: This suffix is realized as -с when attached to words ending in a vowel (паледа you know > паледас) and as -ыс when attached to words ending in a noun (палем I know > палемыс). Note that final unstressed -е/-о/-ӧ is reduced when this suffix is attached to a word (айдеме person > айдемыс).

5 39. Кумло индешымше урок: У пайрем-влак 505 The suffix is attached to words of different classes, in many cases verbs. A literal translation is difficult. It can set the focus on the element to which it is attach, and impart various emotional nuances. Тыйже мыйын титакдымемжым палетыс. Мом йодашат ом палыс. Валентин мемнам ондалышыс. Пеш кутырызо айдемыс, йылморгаж огыл гын. You know very well that I m innocent. I don t even know what to ask. Valentin deceived us. (S)he is very talkative, you could even say that (s)he is a windbag. 4. The clitic -ла: In addition to the comparative case marker -ла (кайык bird > кайыкла like a bird ) see 9.III.2. (page 140) the adverbial marker -ла (татар Tatar > татарла in Tatar ) see 4.III.9. (page 84) the plural marker -ла (вер place > верла places ) see 18.III.3. (page 242) and an unproductive derivational suffix -ла (шӱгар grave > шӱгарла graveyard ), there is also a clitic -ла in Mari with a different range of applications. This suffix is stressed, and connected to stems in the same manner analogous to the other suffixes in -ла. This suffix is frequently attached to spatial adverbs, or to nouns marked with the illative or inessive case. It weakens a spatial reference. When attached to adverbs or nouns with an illative meaning (movement towards), it marks that a movement is carried out in a direction, towards a target, but not all the way into/up to it. When it is attached to adverbs or nouns with an inessive meaning, the spatial reference is widened to a greater area, to the surroundings of the noun, etc. куш(ко) where (to)? кушкыла in what direction? туш(ко) there (movement towards there, in тушкыла towards) that direction ончык(о) forward ончыкыла heading forward Йошкар-Олаш(ке) to Yoshkar-Ola Йошкар-Олашкыла towards Yoshkar- Ola кушто where (no where, in what куштыла movement) area? тушто there (no towards there, over туштыла movement) there умбалне in the distance умбалныла a bit in the distance могырышто on the side могырыштыла on the side, towards the side

6 506 Кандашымше теме: Марий йӱла да пайрем Шкетан театр деке кушкыла кайыман? Тушкыла каеда гын, вокзал деке лектыда. Ончыкыла парк марте ошкылза. Тиде корно Йошкар-Олашкыла наҥгая. Чодыраял куштыла верланен? Туштыла н игунам коштын омыл. Коча-ковам тышеч умбалныла илат. Чодыра могырыштыла пире урмыжмо шокта. In which direction is the Shketan Theater? If you go in that direction, you ll be heading towards the railroad station Walk ahead up to a park. This road leads towards Yoshkar-Ola Roughly where is Chodyrayal? I ve never been around there. My grandparents live somewhere far from here. A wolf can be heard howling from somewhere towards the forest. 5. Adverbs in -н ек: This suffix has several basic functions. a) It is coupled with (especially lower) numerals, and some other quantifiers, to create adverbs with the meaning all. Note that the formation is not always predictable in some cases the suffix is attached to the long form of a numeral, in some cases to the short form with some alterations. ик / икте, иктыт one иктын ек every last one кок / кокыт, коктыт two когын ек both кум / кумыт three кумын ек all three ныл / нылыт four нылын ек all four вич / визыт five визын ек all five куд / кудыт six кудын ек all six шым / шымыт seven шымын ек all seven кандаш / кандаше eight кандашын ек all eight индеш / индеше nine индешын ек all nine лу ten луын ек all ten тӱжем thousand тӱжемн ек all thousand тичмаш whole, full, complete тичмашн ек wholly, completely ора heap, pile оран ек wholly, completely тӱча group, pack тӱчан ек wholly, completely Йочана-влак нылын ек марий йочасадыш коштыт. Машинаш кудын ек пурышна. Л. Толстойын «Сар да тыныслык» романжым тичмашн ек лудында мо? Уремыште оран ек марий мурым мураш тӱҥалынна теве тыгай флешмоб. All four of our children go to a Mari kindergarten. All six of us got into the car. Have you read Lev Tolstoy s novel War and Peace in its entirety? We all started singing Mari songs in the street it was such a flash mob. b) It is coupled with adjectives, to create adverbs with the meaning when (still). It is especially used in conjunction with temporary, transitory properties, indicating that something happened before the fleeting quality in question disappeared.

7 39. Кумло индешымше урок: У пайрем-влак 507 илыше alive илышын ек when (still) alive ужар(ге) green ужаргын ек when (still) green свежа fresh свежан ек when (still) fresh кӱчымӧ raw кӱчымын ек when (still) raw волгыдо light волгыдын ек when (still) light шокшо hot шокшын ек when (still) hot Сн еге ден мӧрым свежан'ек, погымо деч вара вигак кочман. Мӧҥгышкӧ волгыдын ек пӧртылын шуктыман. Подкогыльо шокшын ек веле тамле. Помидорым ме ужаргын ек погена. Wild and garden strawberries need to be eaten fresh, right after collecting them (We) need to get home while it s still light out. Curd dumplings are only tasty when they re hot. We pick tomatoes when they were still green. c) It is coupled with select adjectives, to create adverbs with the meaning since, from. изи small, little изин ек from childhood рзезе young man; young рвезын ек from one s youth Спортым тудо изин ек йӧратен. Рвезын ек эре тыште пашам ыштем. (S)he has loved sports from childhood. I ve always worked here, since my youth. IV. Words and word usage 1. The Mari folk calendar: In addition to the international names of months Mari loaned from Russian see 2.IV.1. (page 59) alternative Mari-language names of months exist, and are widely used in modern publications. The names of several months are connected with festivities occurring in them. Russian Mari Literal translation English январь шорыкйол тылзе sheepleg month January февраль пургыж тылзе snowdrift month February март ӱярня тылзе Butter Week (Shrovetide) month March апрель вӱдшор тылзе high water month April май ага тылзе field work month May июнь пеледыш тылзе flower month June июль сӱрем тылзе Sürem (name of a celebration) month July август сорла тылзе sickle month August сентябрь идым тылзе threshing floor month September октябрь шыжа тылзе drizzle month October ноябрь кылме тылзе frost month November декабрь теле тылзе winter month December

8 508 Кандашымше теме: Марий йӱла да пайрем 2. Comparisons: When comparing or equating objects and circumstances with one another, a number of suffixes that have been covered in this book can be utilized. a) ик -ан: The derivational suffix -ан see 2.IV.2. (page 59) is used in connection with the numeral ик one to show that an adjective applies to several objects to the same degree. Нине ручка-влак ик кужытан улыт. Нине машина-влак ик тӱсан улыт. Ме ик ийготан улына. These pens are of the same length. These cars are of the same color. We re of the same age. b) A number of adjectives derived from demonstrative pronouns see 31.III.2. (page 383) can be used to liken objects or circumstances to one another. The clitic -ат see 3.IV.5. (page 73) often occurs in sentences of this type, indicating that a circumstance applies to a second noun or pronoun as well. Эчан шуко пашам ышта. Ивукат тынар пашам ышта. Ужат тудо лампым? Мыйынат мӧҥгыштӧ тыгай уло. Ончал, кузе тудо кушта! Мыят тыге моштем. Echan does a lot of work. Ivuk also does this much work. Do you see that lamp? I have one just like it at home. Look at him/her dance! I can also dance like that. c) The clitic -ак see 8.III.7. (page 125) is often used to stress an identity or equivalency. It often co-occurs with the means illustrated above. Тиде ручка денак теҥгече возенам. Мыйын тыгаяк ручка уло. Эчан шуко пашам ышта. Ивук тынарак пашам ышта. Мый 1984-ше ийыште шочынам. Мыят тунамак шочынам. Марий Эл да Словений ик кугытанак улыт. Тый Йошкар-Ола гыч улат? Мый тиде ола гычак улам. Тыште вӱд пеш келге. Тушто тынарак келге огыл. I wrote with this very pen yesterday. I have just this kind of pen. Echan does a lot of work. Ivuk also does this much work. I was born in I was born then as well. Mari El and Slovenia are the same size. Are you from Yoshkar-Ola. I m from this city too. The water is very deep here. It s not that deep over there.

9 39. Кумло индешымше урок: У пайрем-влак 509 V. Exercises 1. Choose the appropriate word to insert into the respective sentences of the following pairs. 1) йӱлымӧ / йӱлыман a) Ялыште шошылан ямдылалтыт: *материалым налыт. b) Чодыра *вечын пуш толеш. 2) мондышо / мондышан a) Аня начарым писын *айдеме. b) *Шоҥгеммеке, айдеме лиеш. 3) вашталтше / вашталтшан a) Игече таче пеш : я кече онча, я йӱр йӱреш. b) Ик ий жапыште чот йолташемым ончыч шымат пале. 4) ыштыме / ыштыман a) Теҥгече пашалан оксам налынат мо? b) Тӱшкан пашам шкетын от *ворандаре. * материал material, веч(ын) coming from, айдеме human, person, шоҥгемаш (-ам) to age, to grow old, ворандараш (-ем) to do successfully, to cope with 2. Translate the following sentences into Mari. Use weakened infinitive forms instead of English please, could you, etc. 1) Come (Sg.) here, please! 2) Could you (Pl.) help me? 3) Could you (Sg.) give me ten rubles? 4) Please open (Pl.) the door! 5) Please wait (Sg.) a little. 6) Could you (Sg.) bring some tea? 3. Read the following jokes. Ик *мулла, *манеш, марийым *мусульман вераш *кусарынеже. *Тыгат ойла, *тугат шке веражым мокта марий ок келше. Пытартышлан мулла ойла, манеш: Тый палет, мемнан верана почеш пӧръеҥ кум ватым налын кертеш. Э-э! манеш марий. Мо тый тидыжым мыланем вигак шыч каласе? Мыйже эше *шонкален *шогылтамыс. Тыгай вера мыланем йӧршынат ок келше: мый ик ватем деч кузе утлаш ом пале. * мулла mullah, манеш it is said, мусульман Muslim, кусараш (-ем) (here:) to convert, тыгат (also) like this, тугат (also) like that, шонкалаш (-ем) to think about, to consider, шогылташ (-ам) (here marking lengthy activity in auxiliary construction) *Зоопарк гыч пӧртылмек, туныктышо тушто ужмо *янлык нерген йодо. Тушто чыла янлыкшат *межан улыт. *Лач *кишке гына *коваштан ыл е, ман е ик рвезе. * зоопарк zoo, янлык (wild) animal, меж wool, лач(ак) just, precisely; only, кишке snake, коваште skin, hide; leather

10 510 Кандашымше теме: Марий йӱла да пайрем Туныктышо: Тунемше: * ушаш (-ем) (here:) to add Колыш колым *ушет гын мыняр лиеш? Кок кол. Француз серызе Анатоль Франс деч йодыныт: Кеҥежым кушто лийында? Грецийыште. Грек йылмым начар паледас, тыланда йӧсӧ ыл е дыр? Мыланем? Н имынярат. Вот грек-влаклан, кернак, йӧсӧ ыл е. француз French, Греций Greece, грек Greek, дыр perhaps, it seems, н имыняр(е) (here:) not in the least, кернак really, truly, for sure Кова: Уныка: Уныкам, вашке ныл ийышкат каетыс. Ковай, а ныл ийышкыже йолын каят мо? Изи Наташа мурым мура. Мутшым ок палат, тӱрлӧ йӱкым луктеш. Могай йылме дене мурет? ачаже умылынеже. Йошкарге дене, *ӧрде *вашешта ӱдыр. * ӧраш (-ам) to be amazed, to be surprised; to hesitate, вашешташ (-ем) to answer, to reply Ик ял марий-влак, манеш, ожно шке еҥыштым *писарьлан шогалташ шонен пыштеныт. Погыненыт нуно да ик самырык пошкудышт дек ошкылыныт. Тудыжо икмыняр ий ожно пел теле мучко тунемаш коштын улмаш, манеш. Мият да сӧрвалаш тӱҥалыт. Мыйже лудынат ом моштыс, *торешланаш тӧча рвезе. Э-э, тиде кугу эҥгекак огыл, ойлат тудлан чыланат. Лудметше *керек, *возкален гына мошто. * писарь clerk, торешланаш (-ем) to resist, to oppose, керек (it s) all the same, (it) makes no difference, возкалаш (-ем) to write Ик ялешак шочын-кушшо, йоча жапым пырля эртарыше кок марий шоҥгемме велешышт ола уремеш вашлийыныт, пеш кутырат, икте-весыштын илышышт нерген *йодыштыт. Мый ял гыч кайыме деч вара институтым пытарышым, ойла иктыже. *Тынар ий эртен, ик институтым веле пытаренат? весыже ӧрын йодеш. Иктым веле манат? Йӧра эше тидыжым ала-кузе пытарен кертым. А мый кок кевытым, кок *столовыйым пытарышым, ынде *торговый *базылан тӱҥальым. Пенсийыш кайымешкем, *садак пытарен шуктем. * йодышташ (-ам) to ask, to inquire, тынар(е) this much/many, столовый dining facility, cafeteria, торговый commercial, trade, базе center, base, садак anyway, still

11 39. Кумло индешымше урок: У пайрем-влак Translate the following sentences into English. 1) Пурлашкыла ида кошт. 2) *Китайла кутырен моштет мо? 3) Индешлымше ийлаште илыш неле лийын. 4) Колла ияш тунемнем. 5) *Вепсла *мынярын кутырат? 6) Школлаште кеҥежым канат. 7) Книга кевыт ала-кушто тыштыла лийшаш. 8) Саню мардежла куржын эртыш. * китай Chinese, вепс Veps, мынярын how many 5. Translate the following sentences into Mari, using the clitic in -ла. 1) Two buses /автобус/ are coming (driving) this way. 2) Right about where do you live in Yoshkar-Ola? In Sombathey somewhat far /умбалне/ from here /тышеч/. 3) Go towards the house. 4) To our left is the river Kokshaga. 5) Don t look back /шеҥгек(е)/. 6. Translate the following sentences into Mari, using adjectives in -н ек. 1) Both of us understand Mari. 2) Come (Pl.) home while it s still light! 3) I have loved learning languages since I was little. 4) Eat the pancake while it s hot! 5) All three of them live in one apartment /пачер/. 6) Echan has wanted to become a doctor ever since he was a boy. 7. Insert the appropriate Mari month names in the gaps. Consult the table under IV.1. if necessary. 1) Марий Элыште, пӱтынь Российыште гаяк, тунемме ий тылзын тӱҥалеш. 2) Угинде пайремым тылзын палемдат. 3) Пасу пашам тылзын тӱҥалыт. 4) Шыже кумалтышым тылзын эртарат. 5) тылзын эҥер-влак, ер-влак *кылмен шинчыт. 6) тылзын лум шула да пушеҥге-влак эркын ужаргаш тӱҥалыт. 7) Телын пытартыш тылзыже тылзе. 8) Ӱдырамаш кечым тылзын пайремлат. 9) 1-ше тылзын У ий тӱҥалеш. 10) Европышто Роштом тылзын пайремлат. 11) 12-шо тылзын, Петро кечын, шудо солымо деч ончыч кумалтышым эртарат. 12) тылзе кеҥежын икымше тылзыже. * кылмаш (-ем) to freeze

12 512 Кандашымше теме: Марий йӱла да пайрем 8. Translate the following sentences into English. 1) Сибирьысе теле Европысо деч йӱштырак. 2) Авамын ялже Йошкар-Ола деч ачамын ялже гаяк *тора. 3) Чылан тыште ик шонымашан улына. 4) Ковам мый дечем шукырак поҥгым поген. 5) Нине пӧрт-влак ик *кӱкшытан улыт. 6) Тидым сайрак ышташ лиеш ыл е. Мыят тыге шонем. 7) *Сн еге *шоптыр деч ондакрак кӱэш. 8) Мыйын илышыште тыгаяк *ситуаций лийын. 9) Ондак Йошкар-Олаште кызытсе деч шагалрак марий илен. 10) Ялыште ола дене таҥастарымаште марла шукырак кутырат. * тора far away, кӱкшыт height, сн еге wild strawberry, шоптыр currants, ситуаций situation 9. Translate the following sentences into Mari. 1) Tatarstan is bigger than Mari El. 2) Look at the beautiful Mari clothing! My grandmother in the countryside has the same kind. 3) Anya dances better than Katya. 4) These rooms in our hotel /унагудо/ cost the same (are of the same price). 5) This store is more expensive than the others. 6) I went to this school. Now I work here. 7) Vanya s picture is more interesting than Vasya s. 8) Evika sings as beautifully as an opera singer. 9) It s as hot here as in Africa /Африке/. 10) Our house is older than yours.

13 39. Кумло индешымше урок: У пайрем-влак Familiarize yourself with the vocabulary, and read the following texts. азапланаш (-ем) айдеме вес семын воранаш (-ем) деч посна иланаш (-ем) йомдараш (-ем) йӧн Йыр йырвел йыръюж класс коча-кова Кугарня кучымаш кушкыл одарланаш (-ем) to take care, to invest effort human, person in a different manner to go well, to prosper without; except for, but to take root, to blossom to lose (tr.) (here:) conditions (village in Mari El, Russian: Адымаш) environment, surroundings atmosphere class grandparents (weekly newspaper) holding, keeping plant to spread, to branch out одарланен шогалаш (-ам) пушкыдемдаш (-ем) пушкыдемден шогаш (-ем) пуэн шогаш (-ем) сераш (-ем) странице (стр.) тугак шаваш (-ем) шавымаш Шӱргыял ыштен шогаш (-ем) ыштымаш эскераш (-ем) эскерымаш юзо яндар to spread, to branch out to soften, to loosen to soften, to loosen to give to write page just like that to strew, to sprinkle strewing, sprinkling (village in Mari El, Russian: Шургуял) to do, to carry out creation to observe observation magician; magic; magical (here:) cleanliness Мый марий улам! Мый визымше классыште тунемам. Кажне кечын школышко куанен коштам. Морко кундемысе Йыр ялыште шочынам. Ме ешыште чыланат марла мутланена. Ала-молан южо ешыште ача-ава-влак марий улыт гынат, йоча-влак рушла мутланат. Тидын нерген ме марий йылме урокыштынат мутланена. Мый шочмо марий йылмемым ом мондо. Вет мыйын шочмо республикем Марий Эл, шочмо кундемем Морко район. Тыштак С.Г. Чавайн ден Н. Лекайн шочыныт. Нуно марий сылнымутым шке произведенийлашт дене пойдареныт. Нунын серымыштым куанен лудам. Мый марла мутланем, икымше мутемжат марла йоҥген, акрет годсек кочаковам-влак да ача-авамат марла кутыреныт да кутырат. Ӱшанен кодам, умбакыжат марий йылме илаш тӱҥалеш. Марий калык марий йылме денак эре мутланышаш. Шочмо йылмемым йӧратем, а мый марий айдеме улам. (Владислав Уразаев, Морко район, Шӱргыял школ, 5-ше класс Кугарня, )

14 514 Кандашымше теме: Марий йӱла да пайрем Таче мемнан эн тӱҥ проблемына шкенам калык семын арален кодаш. А тидлан корно икте веле йылмым йомдараш огыл. Шанчыште тидым ончыкташ эше йылме йырвелым эскерымаш манме ойсавыртышым кучылтыт (рушлаже *языковая экология маныт). Йылме йырвел тиде йылмылан иланашыже йӧным ыштымаш: илыш вийым пуэн шогышо йыръюжым яндарыште кучымаш, кушкашыже рокым пушкыдемден шогымаш, атыланыже манын, жапыштыже вӱдым шавымаш. Вес семын манаш гын, кушкыл кузе пӱртӱсын юзо вийже деч посна одарланен шогалын ок керт, йылмат тугак айдемын азапланымыже деч посна воранен ок керт. Тидым ме шке, тудын дене кутырышо-влак, ыштен шогышаш улына. Кече еда, ий гыч ийыш, курым гыч курымыш. (И.Г. Иванов, Йылме деч посна калык ок лий, Ончыко 2010, 12, стр. 66) * Russian language ecology 1 Курыкмарий кундем 2 Чыкма 3 Йӱрнӧ кундем 4 Килемар кундем 5 Маскасола кундем 6 Провой кундем 7 Йошкар-Ола 8 Ӧрша кундем 9 У Роҥго кундем 10 Морко кундем 11 Юлсер кундем 12 Юлсер-Ола 13 У Торъял кундем 14 Кужэҥер кундем 15 Шернур кундем 16 Поранча кундем 17 Марий Турек кундем

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