Daily Life 8: ECONOMY Raz Kletter 2009
|
|
- Jemima Simpson
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Daily Life 8: ECONOMY Raz Kletter 2009
2 Ancient Economy
3 Ancient Economy Is there an ancient economy different from our modern economy (Capitalistic), and in what ways? For example, did people strive to make profit, did the rule of supply and demand apply? A Mesopotamian hired laborer earned c. 1 shekel silver per month (about 8 grams). This is a quite fixed data, except for periods of stress (siege, hunger). But is it a little or a lot? Economy is always relative to
4 What is Money?
5 Economic Forms of Exchange: Barter Hacksilver Coins (Money) Paper Notes (paper Money) Credit Cards (Plastic Money) Internet Credit? In Israel/Palestine: Till 2 nd Millennium Barter. MB2/LB-Iron Hacksilber (= Bullion ). Persian till 19 th c. AD Money.
6
7 The Earliest Coins Electrum Lydia c. 600 Gold Croesus c. 550
8
9 Usually, a new economic mode adds gradually and modifies a existing mode/s. It does not replace completely, nor immediately, earlier mode/s. For a proof, look inside your purses. In Iron Age Judah, barter was a common form of exchange. Ms. Israeli did not go to the local store to buy bread.
10 Economic Structure is part of the Social Structure: Israel and Judah were Kingdoms (=ruled by Dynasties of Kings) This structure dominated the world for thousands of years from the 3 rd millennium till roughly the French revolution (18 th c. AD). Judah, Israel, Assyria, Egypt and all their contemporaries entities were not chiefdoms nor states.
11 In Hacksilver Economy, there are no coins, no money and hence no monetary economy. Value is determined by weight of expensive metals (mainly Silver, more rarely other metals, e.g. Gold). A picture by Rembrandt and a picture by Kletter. For commodities such as grains, flour, wine and oil, value is determined by volume. Hacksilver economy started in Palestine in the MBII period (2 nd millennium BC) and is not a development that relates to the arrival of Assyrian Empire to the west in the 8 th -7 th centuries BC.
12 1. Weighing by Scales: hand held scales (3-5% accuracy)
13 Large Egyptian Scales and 6 th c Greek scales
14 Relief, Syria, 8 c Weighing after victory Rassam obelisk
15 Early Islamic coin scales. More exact scales developed in the roman period. By the early Islamic period weighing is very accurate
16 Jeremiah bought a Field for 17 Shekels (Jer. 32:9). The only OT example of daily or normal weighing as part of transaction: Absalom Hair II Samuel 14:26
17 Nineveh, Jewelry Mold, 7c LB Jewelry
18 Qatna, Syria, Clay Mold for Weights
19 2. The many forms of weights throughout the periods Animal shaped weight, LB
20 Mesopotamian duck weight
21 sphenodoid /grain weights, Hematite
22 Neo-Assyrian Lion Weights
23 Cubical Weights, Persian Period
24 Hellenistic- Roman weights
25 Early Islamic Glass Weights
26 Mandate period weight used by the Tel Aviv municipality, Ottoman weights
27 Rich / Poor; Marxists / Capitalists
28 The Economical Person- Was Ancient Economy different than Ours?
29 Siege of Samaria II Kings 6:25 =Price Fluctuations And Inflation at times of trouble (demand-supply)
30 II Kings 22:9: Bedek of the Temple in the days of King Josiah: Hacksilber is collected and melted (Hetichu) and later paid to those who did the works. The kings gives the order how and what to do with this silver.
31 II Kings 12:11 Bedek of the Temple under Joash
32 Hoarding
33 To hoard is human: Hack silver hoard placed in linen bundles inside a jug, Tell Dor, c. 10 th century BC There are c. 25 similar hoards from Middle Bronze Iron Age periods in Palestine/Israel
34 The Eshtemoa hoard Found in five jugs Largest hoard from Israel
35 The Eshtemoa hoard- Eran s calculations
36 Is this Money, are these Monetary hoards?
37 Money before coinage? Primitive money
38 Hoards from Beth Shean (Iron 1, above) and Arad (Iron II, below)
39 Six hoards at Ekron Late Iron Age II Mixed content with hack silver
40 The En Gedi Hoard (7 th century BC)
41
42 Random weights! Histograms of the pieces
43 Following Price and many others: there is no need to re-invent money for a period, when it did not yet exist Monetary economy started gradually, later than coins
44 Hack silver- Roman, 4 th century AD (UK) Viking Hoards show a similar mix of hack silver, coins, tools- the key factor for money is trust in an issuing authority
45 First Hoard of Coins c. 600 Ephesos 19 coins
46 Hoard Samaria Persian period
47 Judah s Economic Status Relative to other, neighboring Kingdoms at the same period: In comparison to the large empires (Egypt, Assyria) it is negligible. In comparison to the kingdom of Israel it is a smaller sister. It finds a good place between the kingdoms in Philistia, Phoenicia, and the Transjordanian Kingdoms (Edom, Moab, Ammon). It has almost no natural resources- no sea access, very few natural treasures (such as mines) (salt?), no rule over important routes of trade. Indeed, were it not for the Old Testament, Judah would be as forgotten as Edom or Tyre.
48 Economic Development of Judah BC: Modest beginnings, steady life without upheavals/ catastrophes for 300 years - till Sennacherib s campaign (701). Hacksilber hoards and stone weights, as well as ostraca that register payments and allocation of goods appear throughout, but inscriptions were added to weights at the end of the Iron Age. Most archaeological finds date to the later Iron Age (8 th 7 th centuries BC -because of the large scale destruction at that time!)
49 3. Judean Weights Iron 2
50 The Judean Weight System Inscribed Weights: Top= Shekels with hieratic numerals Middle= Nsf, Pym and Bq Bottom= Gerah weights
51 A Homogeneous Series: Material (top) Shape (bottom) Dating (Left)
52 Distribution Map
53 Distribution of Weights by region Green=Gerah Pink= Nsf-Pym-Bq Blue= Shekel Mountains Shephelah Negev Coast Other
54 Site Hierarchy in Judah Jerusalem with about half of all weights; Lachish and Arad second. Jerusalem Lachish Arad Gezer Malhata Ira
55 Context Data 211 Weights
56 Foreign standards existed in Israel Top: Lion weight from Arad and from Tell Jemmeh
57 Phoenician weights from Kh. Rosh Zayit in Upper Galilee
58 Ostracon 6 from Kadesh Barnea: a Crucial Key
59 Ostracon from Mesad hashavyahu X gave (weighed) 4 Silver [Shekels], ר γ, a gift
60 Weights in the Bible: Distribution
61 The OT ordinary weight system (above) and the Inscribed Weight system (below)
62 As it looks at first- registration details (Tel Batash LB Weights)
63 Uninscribed Judean weights that compliment the system: 10 Shekel unit from Nahal Zimri near Jerusalem
64 A weight from Malhata in the Negev- Perhaps 125 Shekel = 2.5 Judean Mina (of 50 Shekel each) = 16 Egyptian Deben
65 The OT reflects the higher levels of society- and of its economy: Acts of Kings and Kingdoms in huge sums of Kikkarot (c. 30 kilos) and Manim- probably often being exaggeration by the author/s. Yet, the king and its court was the main economic player. Archaeological finds (ostraca, weights, most hoards) reflect better daily economic life, although they too do not reflect the common person, but the middle to higher sections in the society. Private property was common, as well as private trade, but we do not hear much about the last from the OT because it did not interest the author/s.
66 The Royal Economy in Judah included the Economy of the (Jerusalem) Temple. There is no sacred/temple economy. The Temple was a King s Temple: It was built by King Solomon; sons of David were priests; King Azariah went to perform in the cult; Kings used the treasures of the temple as their private property (e.g. taking it at times of war); Kings are main players in fixing the temple (Bedek Bayit).
67 The King as Religious Reformator : According to the Biblical Author/s, the King can do bad or good in a religious sense ( in the eyes of Yahweh ). However, the author/s never suspects the legitimacy of the King to act in religious matters. This proves the centrality of King even in religious matters. As for economic reforms- for example of weight system/s- there are many weird theories about economic reforms being part of religious reforms of Judean Kings, but none has a factual evidence. In fact, assumed reforms came as explanations of difficulties in weight system/s, that are much better explained by other means.
68 Was there a Royal System of Weight? There was a King s Shekel, but its value was probably similar to that of the common Shekel (c grams)
69 Since there is no temple economy, there is also no sacred Shekel, mentioned often in Priestly literature in the Pentateuch and in Ezekiel
70 Iiro Hartiklainen
XXXXXXX XXXXXXX Final Paper
XXXXXXX XXXXXXX Final Paper ----- Art 101.01: History of Western Art I: Prehistoric to the 14th Century Valerie Lalli April 30, 2018 Artist: Unknown Title: Statuette of a female Period: Iran, Ancient Near
More informationArchaeology May/June 2012
An aerial view shows the immense administrative building constructed around 500 b.c. and used until the 2nd century b.c. as it appeared after more than 10 years of excavation. Early 2nd-century redslipped
More informationAncient Mesopotamia and the Sumerians (Room 56)
Ancient Mesopotamia and the Sumerians (Room 56) The Sumerians are thought to have formed the first human civilization in world history. They lived in southern Mesopotamia, between the Tigris and Euphrates
More information006 Hª MAN english_maquetación 1 21/02/14 12:09 Página 105 Ancient Near East
Ancient Near East Ancient Near East The history of the Ancient Near East, documented in various sources, unfolded in different geographic locations scattered across nearly 9 million square kilometres,
More informationNubia. Sphinx of Taharqo Kawa, Sudan 680 BC. Visit resource for teachers Key Stage 2
Sphinx of Taharqo Kawa, Sudan 680 BC Visit resource for teachers Key Stage 2 Contents Before your visit Background information Resources Gallery information Preliminary activities During your visit Gallery
More informationArsitektur & Seni SEJARAH ARSITEKTUR. Marble (granite) figure
Marble (granite) figure More than 4,000 years ago the valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers began to teem with life--first the Sumerian, then the Babylonian, Assyrian, Chaldean, and Persian empires.
More informationALASKA GROSS STATE PRODUCT
ALASKA GROSS STATE PRODUCT 1961-1998 by Scott Goldsmith Professor of Economics prepared for Alaska Department of Commerce and Economic Development June 1999 Institute of Social and Economic Research University
More informationAssyrian Reliefs Bowdoin College Museum of Art
Assyrian Reliefs Bowdoin College Museum of Art Middle School Resource Created by Blanche Froelich 19 Student Education Assistant What is a relief? All words appearing in a bold color are defined in the
More informationWhat Scientists Just Found Deep In The Ocean Is Seriously Unbelievable.
What Scientists Just Found Deep In The Ocean Is Seriously Unbelievable. Off the coast of Egypt divers have discovered something that was thought to be lost a long time ago. It was said that the ancient
More informationAssyria: From The Earliest Times To The Fall Of Nineveh (Cambridge Library Collection - Archaeology) By George Smith READ ONLINE
Assyria: From The Earliest Times To The Fall Of Nineveh (Cambridge Library Collection - Archaeology) By George Smith READ ONLINE If you are looking for a book Assyria: From the Earliest Times to the Fall
More informationAssyria: From The Earliest Times To The Fall Of Nineveh (Cambridge Library Collection - Archaeology) By George Smith
Assyria: From The Earliest Times To The Fall Of Nineveh (Cambridge Library Collection - Archaeology) By George Smith If you are looking for the book by George Smith Assyria: From the Earliest Times to
More informationNEW RADIOCARBON DATES FOR THE REED MAT FROM THE CAVE OF THE TREASURE, ISRAEL
NEW RADIOCARBON DATES FOR THE REED MAT FROM THE CAVE OF THE TREASURE, ISRAEL Gerald E Aardsma Aardsma Research & Publishing, 412 N Mulberry, Loda, Illinois 60948-9651, USA ABSTRACT. Modern radiocarbon
More informationCheck for updates on the web now!
Click anywhere in the slide to view the next item on the slide or to advance to the next slide. Use the buttons below to navigate to another page, close the presentation or to open the help page. Slide
More informationThe World in 300 C.E.
The World in 300 C.E. Source 1: The Ancient City of Teohituacan Construction at Teotihuacán began around 150BC, and continued until 250AD. At its height, the city covered 21 square miles and was home to
More informationPALESTINIAN SCARABS AT ANDREWS UNIVERSITY SIEGFRIED H. HORN. Andrews University
PALESTINIAN SCARABS AT ANDREWS UNIVERSITY SIEGFRIED H. HORN Andrews University I bought three of the eight scarabs published in this article in Jerusalem in the summer of 1962 (Nos. I, 6, 7)) but could
More informationBLACK HISTORY MONTH - Week 1 #BlackHistoryMatters
BLACK HISTORY MONTH - Week 1 #BlackHistoryMatters classroomconnection.ca WEEK 1: AFRICAN CIVILIZATIONS Africa is the cradle of humankind and Nubia, an early African society, is the oldest civilization
More informationTO STUDY THE RETAIL JEWELER S IMPORTANCE TOWARDS SELLING BRANDED JEWELLERY
TO STUDY THE RETAIL JEWELER S IMPORTANCE TOWARDS SELLING BRANDED JEWELLERY Prof. Jiger Manek 1, Dr.Ruta Khaparde 2 ABSTRACT The previous research done on branded and non branded jewellery markets are 1)
More informationThe early Kushite kings adopted all Egyptian customs and beliefs. kings were buried on beds placed on stone platforms within their pyramids.
the kushite period 747 BC 350 AD Funeral practice After the time of Egyptian new kingdom there was a political and artistic decline and Egypt entered one of the obscure periods of its history, the weakening
More informationNippur under Assyrian Domination: 15th Season of Excavation,
Nippur under Assyrian Domination: 15th Season of Excavation, 1981-82. McGuire Gibson Nippur, during the seventh century B.C., was controlled by the Assyrians, but was essentially Babylonian in its artifacts
More informationROYAL TOMBS AT GYEONGJU -- CHEONMACHONG
ROYAL TOMBS AT GYEONGJU -- CHEONMACHONG GRADES: High School AUTHOR: Daryl W. Schuster SUBJECT: World History TIME REQUIRED: 60 minutes OBJECTIVES: 1. Awareness of Korean tombs including size and structure
More informationh i s t om b an d h i s t r e a su r e s Worksheet CArter ArChAeoLoGY
1 Worksheet CARTER ARCHAEOLOGY 2 1. Howard Carter s discovery Text A The Valley of the Kings The Valley of the Kings is on the west bank of the Nile, opposite the ancient city of Thebes. Thebes is called
More informationIRAN. Bowl Northern Iran, Ismailabad Chalcolithic, mid-5th millennium B.C. Pottery (65.1) Published: Handbook, no. 10
Bowl Northern Iran, Ismailabad Chalcolithic, mid-5th millennium B.C. Pottery (65.1) IRAN Published: Handbook, no. 10 Bowl Iran, Tepe Giyan 2500-2000 B.C. Pottery (70.39) Pottery, which appeared in Iran
More informationFoods of Mesopotamia/Sumer: YOUR TURN! Draw a picture in each box. barley onions apples (for bread/beer) sheep cucumbers figs
Civilization of Sumer FOOD SUPPLY: The people of Sumer created the first civilization, advancing their way of life over time. The first step towards creating a civilization was when the Sumerians established
More informationCheck for updates on the web now!
Click anywhere in the slide to view the next item on the slide or to advance to the next slide. Use the buttons below to navigate to another page, close the presentation or to open the help page. Slide
More informationChapter 2 The First River-Valley Civilizations, B.C.E.
Chapter 2 The First River-Valley Civilizations, 3500 1500 B.C.E. Gilgamesh Strangling a Lion This eighth-century B.C.E. sculpture of a king, possibly Gilgamesh, from the palace of the Assyrian king Sargon
More information9/1/2016. ECON 302, Introduction 1 INTRODUCTION ECON 302
9/1/2016 ECON 302, Introduction 1 INTRODUCTION ECON 302 9/1/2016 ECON 302, Introduction 2 Plan 1. Areas of Macroeconomics. 2. Important questions in macroeconomics. 3. Inspecting macroeconomic time series
More informationCLOTH SEAL MEDALS. The transformation of a Cloth Seal into a Medal. By Steve Cox [1]
CLOTH SEAL MEDALS The transformation of a Cloth Seal into a Medal By Steve Cox [1] On a cool September afternoon, in a majestic forest nurtured by Lake Michigan, a good friend of mine gave new life to
More informationMarshall High School Mr. Cline Western Civilization I: Ancient Foundations Unit Two BA
Marshall High School Mr. Cline Western Civilization I: Ancient Foundations Unit Two BA Have you ever happened across a dollar on the sidewalk? What about a gold ring or an expensive watch? Perhaps you
More informationWar can destroy more than a people, an army or a leader. Culture, tradition and history also lie in the firing line.
Riddle of 'Baghdad's batteries' Arran Frood investigates what could have been the very first batteries and how these important archaeological and technological artefacts are now at risk from the impending
More informationARCH202 History of Architecture Spring
University of Nizwa College of Engineering & Architecture Dept. of Architecture & Interior Design ARCH202 History of Architecture Spring 2013-2014 Dr. Janon Kadhim Associate Professor of Architecture ARCH
More informationBASRAH MUSEUM SPACE PLAN
BASRAH MUSEUM SPACE PLAN The Lakeside Palace on the outskirts of Basrah will make an ideal museum. It is in surprisingly good condition and requires only a modest amount of refurbishment and renovation.
More informationEXCAVATING ARMAGEDDON
13 EXCAVATING ARMAGEDDON We have already made a number of references in previous chapters to the site of Megiddo in Israel, which is perhaps better known as biblical Armageddon. The very word Armageddon
More information4.12 MUSIC Introduction
355 4.12 MUSIC 4.12.1 Introduction Music permeated the culture of ancient Israel. In the Iron Age, the place of music in the life of the Israelites cannot be overestimated. The Bible is rich with references
More informationElam & Susa BC
Elam & Susa 2000 1000 BC Another beautiful and large ancient city was Susa (Shush) in southern Iran. Much is known about the people who lived in this area 4000 years ago. They were called Elamites, and
More informationA Summer of Surprises: Gezer Water System Excavation Uncovers Possible New Date. Fig. 1, Gezer Water System
Can You Dig It A Summer of Surprises: Gezer Water System Excavation Uncovers Possible New Date Posted: 14 Sep 2016 07:29 AM PDT By Dan Warner and Eli Yannai, Co-Directors of the Gezer Water System Excavations
More informationTHE TYPOLOGY AND CHRONOLOGY OF THE IRON AGE POTTERY AND THE CHRONOLOGY OF IRON AGE ASSEMBLAGES. Ayelet Gilboa
CHAPTER ONE THE TYPOLOGY AND CHRONOLOGY OF THE IRON AGE POTTERY AND THE CHRONOLOGY OF IRON AGE ASSEMBLAGES Ayelet Gilboa INTRODUCTION A. Typology The typology of the Iron Age pottery at Doris a morphological
More informationTable of Contents. How to Use This Product Introduction to Primary Sources Activities Using Primary Sources... 15
Table of Contents How to Use This Product........... 3 Introduction to Primary Sources..... 5 Activities Using Primary Sources... 15 Photographs Dagger and Sheath................15 16 Take a Stab.......................15
More informationDIYALA OBJECTS PROJECT
ARCHAEOLOGY McGuire Gibson During the 1930s, the Oriental Institute carried out an ambitious program of excavation in the Diyala Region, an area to the north and east of Baghdad. The project yielded an
More informationLife and Death at Beth Shean
Life and Death at Beth Shean by emerson avery Objects associated with daily life also found their way into the tombs, either as offerings to the deceased, implements for the funeral rites, or personal
More informationMechanical Engineering in Ancient Egypt, Part VII: Jewellery (Finger-rings up to the 18 th Dynasty)
Mechanical Engineering in Ancient Egypt, Part VII: Jewellery (Finger-rings up to the 18 th Dynasty) Galal Ali Hassaan Emeritus Professor, Department of Mechanical Design & Production, Faculty of Engineering,
More informationCelebrating Alexander the Great's lost world
29 August 2013 Celebrating Alexander the Great's lost world In the mountains of Hindu Kush, on the Pakistan and Afghan border, live Kalash people. Blond-haired and blue-eyed, the 'lost children of Alexander
More informationLE CATILLON II HOARD. jerseyheritage.org Association of Jersey Charities, No. 161
LE CATILLON II HOARD CELTIC TRIBES This is a picture of the tribal structure of the Celtic Society CELTIC TRIBES Can you see three different people in the picture and suggest what they do? Can you describe
More informationSunday, February 12, 17. The Shang Dynasty
The Shang Dynasty The Shang Dynasty The Shang Dynasty is one of the earliest dynasties in China This dynasty was centered in the Huang He (Yellow River) Valley and ruled from 1700-1122 B.C. For many years,
More informationSandals were made out of deerskin. They were decorated with pompoms and bits of other hides.
Mayan Sports The most well known sport in Mesoamerica is Pok-ta-tok. It s a ball game one played in a large open area called a court on teams of 2-7 players. Players would have used a small 5-pound solid
More informationGardner s Art Through the Ages, 13e. Chapter 2 The Ancient Near East
Gardner s Art Through the Ages, 13e Chapter 2 The Ancient Near East 1 The Ancient Near East 2 Goals Understand the cultural changes in the Neolithic Revolution as they relate to the art and architecture.
More informationINDIAN JEWELLERY MARKET-METAMORPHOSIS INTRODUCTION
"A STUDY ON CUSTOMER PREFRENCES-AMONG BRANDED AND NON BRANDED JEWELLERY. Dr. Priyanka Gautam 1 Ms. Urmila Thakur 2 INDIAN JEWELLERY MARKET-METAMORPHOSIS INTRODUCTION Due to rapid progress in the retail
More informationFOR THE G ODDESS INSIDE YOU Collection
FOR THE G ODDESS INSIDE YOU. 2006 Collection Nersel & Irene brings you high quality, handmade, designer gold jewelry. The blueprints of our unique designs are ancient pieces of jewelry that were created
More informationBronze Ware in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty
16 Western Zhou. Bronze Square Kettle 49cm high. Excavated from the Guoguo tomb, Sanmenxia, Henan Province in 1990. Kept in Henan Cultural Relics Research Institute. Bronze Age mysterious color in the
More informationXian Tombs of the Qin Dynasty
Xian Tombs of the Qin Dynasty By History.com, adapted by Newsela staff In 221 B.C., Qin Shi Huang became emperor of China, and started the Qin Dynasty. At this time, the area had just emerged from over
More informationTHE STUDY OF HOW DURABLE MASCARA IS. Callie Cece. Cary Academy ABSTRACT
THE STUDY OF HOW DURABLE MASCARA IS. Callie Cece Cary Academy ABSTRACT The purpose of this experiment was to find the most durable mascara. Mascara is hydrophilic, so when sprayed with water it will go
More informationThe origin of man is believed to have started some 3 million years ago in southern Africa.
The origin of man is believed to have started some 3 million years ago in southern Africa. Thousands of years ago Human migratory patterns can be traced back almost 200,000 years by using bones, tools
More information7 URUK CIVILIZATION 1080L
7 URUK CIVILIZATION 1080L URUK THE WORLD S FIRST BIG CITY By Cynthia Stokes Brown, adapted by Newsela Nestled between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, the world s first major city sprang up in a fertile
More informationViking Teachers Resource Pack Appendix
Viking Teachers Resource Pack Appendix This appendix is to be used alongside the Vikings Teachers Resource Pack and is aimed at making the items on the activity sheets easier to find and more accessible
More informationThe Vikings (People Of The Ancient World) By Virginia Schomp READ ONLINE
The Vikings (People Of The Ancient World) By Virginia Schomp READ ONLINE If searching for a book The Vikings (People of the Ancient World) by Virginia Schomp in pdf form, in that case you come on to the
More informationSCOTLAND. Belfast IRISH SEA. Dublin THE REPUBLIC OF IRELAND ENGLAND ENGLISH CHANNEL. Before and After
ALL ABOUT BRITAIN This book tells the story of the people who have lived in the British Isles, and is packed with fascinating facts and f un tales. The British Isles is a group of islands that consists
More informationChi Square Goodness of fit, Independence, and Homogeneity May 07, 2014
Example 1 Goodness of Fit test Does your zodiac sign determine how successful you will be later in life? Fortune magazine collected the zodiac signs of 256 heads of the largest 400 companies. Here are
More informationContents. Arts and Leisure. Culture and History. Environment. Health. Science Facts. People Profiles. Social Science. Sports and Hobbies.
Arts and Leisure 1. In the Name of Beauty / 5 Contents 11. Shakespeare, Where Are You Now? / 65 Culture and History 2. Who Took That Tooth? / 11 12. What s in a Name? / 71 Environment 3. The Ring of Fire
More informationTHE ALFRED JEWEL: AD STIRRUP: AD THE CUDDESDON BOWL: AD c600 ABINGDON SWORD: AD C875
STIRRUP: AD 950 1050 THE ALFRED JEWEL: AD 871 899 Found in 1693, ploughed up in a field at North Petherton, Somerset. Found only a few miles from Athelney Abbey where Alfred planned his counter-attack
More informationIC Chapter 19. Precious Metal Dealers
IC 24-4-19 Chapter 19. Precious Metal Dealers IC 24-4-19-1 Application Sec. 1. This chapter does not apply to the following: (1) A jeweler regulated under IC 24-4-13 concerning used jewelry sales. (2)
More informationIslamic Silver Art. The Saad Al-Jadir Collection
Islamic Silver Art The Saad Al-Jadir Collection Islamic Silver Art The Saad Al-Jadir Collection Dr Saad Al-Jadir started this Collection in 1958 when he acquired his first piece in Baghdad, a silver portrait
More informationThe Clothes Made from the Heart - Greece
Economy & Culture Storybook 23. GREECE-Clothes Made from the Heart The Clothes Made from the Heart - Greece Written by Ji-yun Jang Illustrated by Svjetlan Junakovic Rewritten in English by Joy Cowley big
More informationSpecial School Days
DOVER Education at museum Special School Days 2017-2018 Helping to inspire pupil s curiosity DOVER Education at museum Special School Days 2017-2018 Welcome to the 2017-2018 Schools Special Activity Days
More informationTHE ARTIST S RESALE RIGHT: DEROGATION FOR DECEASED ARTISTS CONSULTATION SUMMARY OF RESPONSES
THE ARTIST S RESALE RIGHT: DEROGATION FOR DECEASED ARTISTS CONSULTATION SUMMARY OF RESPONSES INDEX PAGE Introduction 2 Question 1: Should the UK maintain the derogation for an additional two years? 3 Question
More informationYEAR 1 AUTUMN SPRING SUMMER LITERACY MATHEMATICS
YEAR 1 AUTUMN SPRING SUMMER Everyday Materials Animals (including humans) Ongoing unit Seasonal Changes Coding Plants Me & My Family Personal timeline What is history? What is history? Continued Florence
More informationUnder the reign of King Louis XIV (r ), the world of fashion and
Esther Klingbiel The Making of Paris: Midterm Prompt #2 03/10/2017 Under the reign of King Louis XIV (r. 1643-1715), the world of fashion and luxury commodities in France proliferated into a new marketplace
More informationCurrent cotton fiber market in Russia
Current cotton fiber market in Russia By Mr. Sechko M.S., President of «Russian Cotton Association» NP One of the priorities of economic growth and national safety of the country in developing market model
More informationRoger Bland Roman gold coins in Britain. ICOMON e-proceedings (Utrecht, 2008) 3 (2009), pp Downloaded from:
Roger Bland Roman gold coins in Britain ICOMON e-proceedings (Utrecht, 2008) 3 (2009), pp. 31-43 Downloaded from: www.icomon.org Roman gold coins in Britain Roger Bland Head of Portable Antiquities & Treasure
More informationNew Kingdom tombs. Tomb of Ken-amun. This tomb was also located on the west bank of Thebes. Ken-amen was the mayor of the Southern City
New Kingdom tombs Tomb of Ken-amun This tomb was also located on the west bank of Thebes. Ken-amen was the mayor of the Southern City (Thebes) and Overseer of the Granary of Amen. He lived in the 18th
More informationSyllabus. Directors Dan Carlsson. PhD Associate Professor. Arendus. Instructors Amanda Karn. MA. Arendus
Syllabus Gotland Archaeological Field School July 11-August 19 2016 Directors Dan Carlsson. PhD Associate Professor. Arendus. Instructors Amanda Karn. MA. Arendus History of research - Fröjel Fröjel was
More informationBOSTON MUSEUM BULLETIN VOL. LXX 1972 NO. 359
BOSTON MUSEUM BULLETIN VOL. LXX 1972 NO. 359 BULLETIN: Museum of Fine Arts, Boston The Fabulous Gold of the Pactolus Valley WILLIAM J. YOUNG Page 5 Ancient Egyptian and Near Eastern Acquisitions and loans
More informationJane C. Waldbaum Archaeology Field School Scholarship. It was difficult at first to adjust to the ten-hour time change, but my body quickly
Hart 1 American Institute of Archaeology Field School Report Jane C. Waldbaum Archaeology Field School Scholarship Ashlee Hart 8 August 2013 The day began with roosters crowing and an alarm clock pounding
More informationBookbinder An occupation that was extremely important but receives very little credit is the position of the Renaissance Bookbinder.
Bookbinder An occupation that was extremely important but receives very little credit is the position of the Renaissance Bookbinder. This skill was very important as journals, diaries, and manifests were
More informationThe Kingdom Of Kush: The Napatan And Meroitic Empires By D. A. Welsby READ ONLINE
The Kingdom Of Kush: The Napatan And Meroitic Empires By D. A. Welsby READ ONLINE If you are looking for the ebook by D. A. Welsby The Kingdom of Kush: The Napatan and Meroitic Empires in pdf format, then
More informationTurkish Textiles and Apparel Industry
Turkish Textiles and Apparel Industry 29.11.2018 The Textile & Apparel Industries In View of the Turkish Economy The textiles & apparel industries are the leading industries in manufacturing and employment
More informationCamp Carlos The Michael C. Carlos Museum. Summer programs for kids ages 7 to 17! welcomes children and teenagers to spend the summer
Camp Carlos 20 6 Summer programs for kids ages 7 to 17! The Michael C. Carlos Museum welcomes children and teenagers to spend the summer with art and artists. In the galleries of the Carlos Museum, camp
More informationPre-visit Guide for Teachers. Art of the. Ancient. Use this guide to prepare for your self-guided visit to the Metropolitan Museum with your students.
E d u c a t i o n Pre-visit Guide for Teachers Art of the Ancient Near EasT Use this guide to prepare for your self-guided visit to the Metropolitan Museum with your students. The Metropolitan Museum of
More informationThe Shang Dynasty CHAPTER Introduction. 4 A chariot buried in a Shang ruler's tomb was to serve the king in the afterlife.
4 A chariot buried in a Shang ruler's tomb was to serve the king in the afterlife. CHAPTER I The Shang Dynasty 20.1 Introduction In Chapter 19, you explored five geographic regions of China. You learned
More informationThe Second Millennium B. C.
The Second Millennium B. C. by P R U D E N C E O L I V E R Curatorial Assistant The art of the second millennium is somewhat less strikingly represented in the Museum's collection than that of the third,
More informationAncient Chinese Chariots
Reading Practice Ancient Chinese Chariots A The Shang Dynasty or Yin Dynasty, according to traditional historiography, ruled in the Yellow River valley in the second millennium. Archaeological work at
More informationThe Learning Themes & History topics
The Learning Themes & History topics Year Autumn 1 Autumn 2 Spring 1 Spring 2 Summer 1 Summer 2 group N All about me Space and celebrations Fairy tales Planting and growing Animals How we grow and change
More informationBABEŞ-BOLYAI UNIVERSITY, CLUJ NAPOCA FACULTY OF HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY SUMMARY OF THE DOCTORAL THESIS
BABEŞ-BOLYAI UNIVERSITY, CLUJ NAPOCA FACULTY OF HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY SUMMARY OF THE DOCTORAL THESIS CHRISTIAN GEMS IN THE ANCIENT CHURCH (1st-4th c.) APPARITION, PLACES OF PRODUCTION, SPREADING, SUBJECTS,
More informationSTUDENT ACTIVITY SHEETS Lullingstone Roman Villa
STUDENT ACTIVITY SHEETS Lullingstone Roman Villa This resource pack has been designed to help students step into the story of Lullingstone Roman Villa, which provides essential insight into the lives of
More information2008 in figures Year in brief
Dear shareholders, The year 2008 has been an exciting, eventful but also challenging year. The global economic situation changed drastically, which also affected H&M. Despite this, our strong expansion
More informationMechanical Engineering in Ancient Egypt: Part XVII: Ladies Headdress in the Old, Middle Kingdoms, Third Intermediate and Late Periods
International Journal of Computer Techniques Volume 3 Issue 4, July Aug 2016 RESEARCH ARTICLE Mechanical Engineering in Ancient Egypt: Part XVII: Ladies Headdress in the Old, Middle Kingdoms, Third Intermediate
More informationART FROM THE ANCIENT WORLD IS INSTALLED BY THEME IN RENOVATED GALLERIES AT THE GETTY VILLA
DATE: March 12, 2007 FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE COLLECTIONS ART FROM THE ANCIENT WORLD IS INSTALLED BY THEME IN RENOVATED GALLERIES AT THE GETTY VILLA LOS ANGELES The J. Paul Getty Museum s permanent collection
More informationACHAEMENID PERSIA AN UNSUNG HERO FOR HISTORY TEACHERS
ACHAEMENID PERSIA AN UNSUNG HERO FOR HISTORY TEACHERS YEAR 12 (NSW) SYLLABUS Ancient Societies: Persian Society at the Time of Darius and Xerxes Personalities in Their Times: Xerxes Historical Periods:
More informationFOUR CYLINDER SEALS FROM KITION
FOUR CYLINDER SEALS FROM KITION by V. E. G. KENNA and V. KARAGEORGHIS (a) KITION Kition, near modern Larnaca on the south coast of Cyprus, discovered as recently as 1959, seems to have been an important
More informationGlobal Diamond and Gemstone Market: Trends and Opportunities ( ) March 2015
Global Diamond and Gemstone Market: Trends and Opportunities (2014 2019) March 2015 The report titled Global Diamond and Gemstone Market: Trends and Opportunities (2014-2019) provides an insight into the
More informationCultural Corner HOW MUMMIES WERE MADE
Cultural Corner HOW MUMMIES WERE MADE A mummy is the body of a person that has been preserved after death. The ancient Egyptians believed that mummifying a person's body after death was essential to ensure
More informationCetamura Results
Cetamura 2000 2006 Results A major project during the years 2000-2006 was the excavation to bedrock of two large and deep units located on an escarpment between Zone I and Zone II (fig. 1 and fig. 2);
More informationFOUR 18th 20th CENTURIES HOARD REPORTS
FOUR 18th 20th CENTURIES HOARD REPORTS By M. M. ARCHIBALD THE TADLEY FIND IN June 1963 twenty one gold coins were found by Christopher Forrest, a four year old child, in the garden of his home at 2, Winston
More informationArt of the Ancient Near East Day 1. Chapter 2
Art of the Ancient Near East Day 1 Chapter 2 Getting Started When we start a chapter you need Your image cards on your desk as well as 2-4 extra index cards These cards should be have images and titles,
More informationSOLIDWORKS Apps for Kids New Designs
SOLIDWORKS Apps for Kids are designed to inspire students to create, invent, and shape their futures. Educators can use the following exercise to engage their students, and help them imagine and explore
More informationEarly African Art. By Anthony Sacco (Late African Art by Caroline DelVecchio)
Early African Art By Anthony Sacco (Late African Art by Caroline DelVecchio) -Sub-Saharan = Africa with the exception of the Mediterranean Coast (Egypt, Morocco, etc.) -Mihrab = A niche that points to
More informationA Sense of Place Tor Enclosures
A Sense of Place Tor Enclosures Tor enclosures were built around six thousand years ago (4000 BC) in the early part of the Neolithic period. They are large enclosures defined by stony banks sited on hilltops
More informationLEADERS INSPIRING A KINGDOM IN THE BUSINESS WORLD PIONEER OF CHANGE THE FORGOTTEN CASUALTY OF WAR 8 SIGNS YOU RE AN ENTREPRENEUR
THE FORGOTTEN CASUALTY OF WAR 8 SIGNS YOU RE AN ENTREPRENEUR DECEMBER 2013 ISSUE 20 PIONEER OF CHANGE Khalid Al-Bawardi, Founder and CEO of TAD Group LEADERS INSPIRING A KINGDOM IN THE BUSINESS WORLD From
More informationThailand s Jewelry Industry Overview 2016
Thailand s Jewelry Industry Overview 2016 Jewelry is one of Thailand s major export products in gem and jewelry category and holds the second place after unwrought or semi-manufactured gold in terms of
More informationThe History of Jewelry-making: Throughout the Timeline
Art-1040-fall 2011 Jewelry Culture and Creation James Lund The History of Jewelry-making: Throughout the Timeline The art of jewelry making dates back to ancient man. Many techniques and materials such
More informationThe lithic assemblage from Kingsdale Head (KH09)
1 The lithic assemblage from Kingsdale Head (KH09) Hannah Russ Introduction During excavation the of potential Mesolithic features at Kingsdale Head in 2009 an assemblage of flint and chert artefacts were
More informationAssessment Schedule 2016 Economics: Demonstrate understanding of producer choices using supply (90985)
NCEA Level 1 Economics (90985) 2016 page 1 of 6 Assessment Schedule 2016 Economics: Demonstrate understanding of producer choices using supply (90985) Assessment Criteria Demonstrate understanding involves:
More information