ARCHJEOLOGY IN LEICESTERSHIRE AND RUTLAND 1975

Transcription

1 I NOTES I ARCHJEOLOGY IN LEICESTERSHIRE AND RUTLAND 1975 NOTES Edited by ALAN McWHIRR II REPORTS OF FIELDWORK Aerial Archaology A ubtantial amount of air cover wa provided for Rutland and Eat Leiceter in Some of thi wa concerned with the development of technique and ome with routine recording of ephemeral phenomena. Daily flight from R.A.F. Cottemore at the latter end of March and the firt week in April were ued to oberve the extent to which differential drying of expoed oil provided indication of earlier land ue. Particularly on the clay oil there are marginal condition in which it eem poible that ome relative contruction equence might be deduced from the oil colour of ploughed out bank and baulk. Soil that ha been under thee earthwork drie out ephemerally (or le) in a lighter colour. The reaon for thi ha not been determined but a buried urface ha preumably had le worm action than expoed and cultivated oil on the ame horizon. The exitence of many earthwork in the clay that antedate the ridge and furrow ytem (both tanding and ploughed out) wa confirmed. Snow torm during thi period were too light and tranient to enhance relief and contrat of earthwork in the area. Another erie of daily flight wa alo made from R.A.F. Cottemore in the lat week in June, econd week of July and econd week of Augut. The exceptionally dry ummer developed a number of crop mark indication of archaeological ite on all oil in thi area but the eat Leiceterhire clay were leat productive of crop mark. In Augut, a number of revere parch mark developed, particularly around Oakham. There appear to be, for intance, a prehitoric monument under the Agricultural Showground at Barleythorpe and other ring ditche at Langham and on the S.E. edge of Oakham. Other eemingly prehitoric feature were viible around Uppingham a crop mark including uperceded field ytem between the Eye Brook and the River Chater. Geological context that produce crop mark of archaeological feature are often, however, uitable for producing crop mark from the immediate ub-oil geology and in thi area, the field feature are difficult to eparate from the geological feature in the preumably Lincolnhire Limetone Plateau. Without the aociated ring ditche they would probably be miinterpreted a geological. A number of iolated archaeological feature were recorded in the S. W. area of Leiceterhire including Iron Age and Prehitoric ite near to Kirkby Mallory and addition to the Prehitoric and Romano Britih group near to Sweptone. The extent to which uch group of ite in iolation arie from the clearing in a foreted landcape or are indicative of a wider pattern of land ue that crop mark aerial archaeology can only rarely exploit becaue of it geological limitation, can, with preent knowledge, only be a matter for continuing tudy. Although thi year' reult add a relatively good number of "ite" to thoe known previouly from other type of fieldwork, it i not eay to put their ignificance in perpective. The contruction of a barrow (identified by it crop mark a a ring ditch on air photograph, though fieldwork by Mr. Barry Waite of Nuneaton ha identified barrow made from craped earth that do not produce ring ditch crop mark) required le work than the annual cultivation of a mall field. I think it i till poible to ugget that although the excavation of barrow may provide dateable artefact, they are the reult of work that i too unrepreentative of their period by comparion with field ytem and that more information on the landcape hitory of area hould have a higher priority for archaeologit. J PICKERING 54

2 ARCH 0LOGY IN LEICESTERSHIRE AND RUTLAND 55 PROVISIONAL LIST OF MOATED SITES IN LEICESTERSHIRE The following lit i proviional inamuch a field checking of ite ha imply been limited to determining whether, in fact, they till exit. It ha been the policy in thi urvey to deliberately ignore the ite of recognized catle whoe function wa primarily a military one. Alo rejected ha been the ue of the precie term "hometead moat" and intead the more general decription MOATED SITES ha been adopted, ince on examination they proved to include a wide range of type and ownerhip tatu, both ecular and eccleiatic. No attempt at claification, therefore, ha been made in the lit. The Hon. Secretary of the Archa:ological Fieldwork Group will be grateful for uggetion regarding uitable addition to thi lit which will be incorporated in the compilation of the projected Gazetteer of Moated Site. Site have been lited alphabetically by civil parih (other than thoe in Leiceter itelf) followed by the name of the ite or it approximate location and a ix figure National Grid reference Abbreviation Ued: D.M.V. - Deerted medieval village D - Moat detroyed S - Scheduled monument AB KETTLEBY, E. of the Church ALLEXTON, N. of the Church APPLEBY MAGNA, Moat Houe ARNESBY, S.E. of the Church ASHBY MAGNA, W. of Conduit Spinney BAG WORTH, Bagworth Moat BARDON, Old Hall Farm,, E. of Kellam' Farm BARKBY THORPE, Hamilton D.M.V. BELTON, S. of Village BREEDON-ON-THE-HILL, Breedon Lodge BROUGHTON ASTLEY, S.W. of Church BRUNTINGTHORPE, E. of the Church (Rectory) BUCKMINSTER, S. of Village BURTON AND DALBY, The Grange, Burton Lazar,, Hopital of St. Lazaru CARL TON CURLIEU, S.E. of Church CLAYBROOKEPARVA, Vicarage Garden COAL VILLE, Donnington le Heath Manor Houe,, Snibton, Grange Farm COLD NEWTON, Hall Cloe D.M.V. DESFORD, E. oflindridge Hall Farm DUNTON BASSETT, N. of Church EMPINGHAM (RUTLAND), Hall Cloe FREEBY, S.W. ofwyfordby Church,, N. of Freeby Church FRISBY, Kirby Bellar, Kirby Hall Site,, Kirby Bellar Priory GILMORTON, N.W. of Motte and Bailey Site,, Cote De Val, D.M.V. GLENPARVA, N.E. offord(river Sence) GLENFIELD, W. of Village GLOOSTON, N.W. of Church HAMBLETON (RUTLAND), Barnhill Spinney HIGHAM-ON-THE-HILL, Lindley Hall HINCKLEY, Hinckley Priory,, Burbage Rectory Garden,, Barwell, E. ofbrockey Lane,, Barwell, S.W. of Village,, Wykin Hall,, Stoke Golding, "The Moat" HOBY WITH ROTHERBY, Ragdale Hall HORN (RUTLAND), Horn D.M.V. SK SK SK SP SP SK SK SK SK SK 45rr99 SK SP SP SK SK SK SP SP SK SK 41rr31 SK SK SP SK SK SK SK SK SP SP SP SK SP SK SP SP SP SK SP SP SP SK SK 95orr6 D D D D D

3 56 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCH1 0LOGICAL AND HISTORICAL SOCIETY HUNGARTON, Baggrave D.M.V. SK ,, Quenby D.M.V. SK ,, lngarby, W. of Hollow Ford SK S,, Old lngarby SK S KNAPTOFT, Knaptoft D.M.V. SP S LEICESTER, Evington, W. of the Church SK S,, Spinney Hill Farm SK D,, Humbertone, "Swan' Orchard" SK ,, Humbertone, "Fox' Hollow" SK ,, New Park, "Bird' Net" Moat SK S LEIRE, N.E. of Church SP LOCKINGTON-HEMINGTON, S.E. of Sawley Lock SK S LONGWHATTON,N.W. ofchurch SK LOUGHBOROUGH, Moat Farm SK ,, Burleigh Hall SK LUBENHAM, Manor Houe Site SP MARKFIELD, Horepool Grange SK MARKET BOSWORTH, Boworth Hall SK ,,,, Far Coton, Coton Priory Farm SK MARTINSTHORPE (RUTLAND), Martinthorpe D.M.V. SK S MEDBOURNE, Medbourne Church MEL TON MOWBRAY, N. of Spinney Farm SP SK S MOWSLEY, N. of Boworth Lodge SP NEWBOLD VERDON, S. of Hall NEWTOWN LINFORD, Bradgate Houe SK SK S S NORTH LUFFENHAM (RUTLAND), S.E. of Cow Pature SK S OSGATHORPE, Stordon Grange SK OWSTON AND NEWBOLD, N.W. of Furze Hill Farm SK S PECKLETON, "Kirby Moat" SK D,, Peckleton Manor Houe SK ,, Stapleton, N.W. of Manor Farm SP S POTTERS MARSTON, Potter Marton Hall SP D RATBY, Old Hay Farm SK S REDMILE, N.W. of Village SK SAPCOTE, Park Cloe Moat SP D SCRAPTOFT, N. of Village SK D SHANGTON, Shangton Grange SP SHACKERSTONE, Manor Houe Site SK D,, E. ofgopall Park SK ,, Biltone Hill Farm SK SHEEPY, Newhoue Grange SK ,,,, The Mythe Sheepy Parva Manor Houe SP SK ,, Upton, Manor Farm SP SOUTH CROXTON, N. of the Church SK S SOUTH KIL WORTH, Manor Houe Site SP S SPROXTON, Becaby D.M.V. SK S STAUNTON HAROLD, Lodge Farm SK STRETTON MAGNA, Stretton Magna D.M.V. SK THURLASTON, Baet Houe SK D,, Newhall Park Farm SK S TILTON, S.W. of Syke Spinney SK S ULLESTHORPE, W. of Manor Houe SP S ULVERSCROFT, UlvercroftPriory SK 5orr27 S WHISSENDINE (RUTLAND), Moor Lane SK S WIGSTON MAGNA, S.E. of All Saint Church SP D WITHERLEY, Ratcliffe Culey, E. of the Church SP S R G MITCHELL LEICESTERSHIRE DENDROCHRONOLOGY PROJECT A a preliminary to thi project it i neceary to obtain ection of timber that i growing or ha recently been felled. Oak i preferred although elm or ah may be ueful. Ideally the tree hould be at leat roe year old and about 2 feet in diameter and the ection required mut contain both heart and apwood, but need not be a complete

4 ARCH 0LOGY IN LEICESTERSHIRE AND RUTLAND 57 dic, a egment or piece cut parallel to the diameter will uffice. Timber from old or demolihed building, particularly if dated, are alo required. Anybody who may have uitable timber i aked to contact Graham Morgan in the Department of Archreology at the Univerity of Leiceter. G C MORGAN M69, LEICESTERSHIRE Contruction work on the M69 began in March A contant watch wa kept on the work epecially during the tripping of top-oil and the route wa alo monitored from the air. All the area of potential archa:ological interet known from preliminary work were checked. The reult of the obervation were almot wholly negative. The watching brief wa made coniderably eaier by liaion with Mr. Keith Scott of Midland Road Contruction Unit. The top tone of an Iron Age quern wa found during preliminary work at SP Adjacent to the line of the motorway the poible ite of another medieval kiln wa recorded at Potter' Marton in the next field to the excavated kiln SP The remain of a brick-kiln of early nineteenth-century date were uncovered and recorded at Brickyard Farm near Aton Flamville SP FIELD ARCH 0LOGY SECTION II REPORTS OF FIELDWORK LEICESTER AUSTIN FRIARS. SK (i) No trace wa found on thi ite of the Roman north-outh treet located in 1967 lightly further outh at SK 58ro43. Roman occupation wa repreented by two ditche which had been re-cut everal time and by three inhumation which may be part of the ame cemetery a that at Great Holme Street (SK ). One of the grave, that of an adult female, mut date to the latter part of the Roman period a it wa cut into the top filling of one of the ditche which contained coin of the mid-fourth century. The other two burial were both infant buried in hallow coop in the ground with no trace of coffin. A imilar date eem likely for one at leat of thee which had been decapitated and the kull placed between the femur, a feature which may indicate Germanic influence. (ii) Excavation continued on the Autin Friar, Wet Bridge (T.L.A.S. XLIX, p. 61). A controlled ection wa dug acro the large ditch at the north end of the ite. The ditch wa at leat 2 m. deep and 4 m. wide and there wa a line of take near the bae of the northern lope. An intereting feature wa the preervation of what appeared to be ripple mark in a layer of andy ilt. On the wet of the ite a line of take-hole wa uncovered in the (?) cloiter area which may be related to the early building on that ide a they ran on a imilar orientation. Thick depoit of and and occupation material were removed in the wetern area which pot-dated the detruction of the early building and pre-dated the main erie of building. From thee occupation layer came two token of Edward II, a eal matrix and thirteenth-early fourteenth-century pottery. At the extreme wet of the ite, alongide the Old Soar, a erie of mortar floor wa revealed, ealing the robber trenche of the early building and ealed by late detruction level. FIELD ARCH 0LOGY SECTION GREAT HOLME STREET. SK The ite lie outide the Roman town, wet of the River Soar and adjacent to the preumed line of the Foe Way. An inhumation of Roman date wa recorded in 1935 from Great Holme Street and thi year' work wa in the nature of a trial excavation to find further evidence of a cemetery. Three grave were located and excavated, ome ditance from the 1935 dicovery, and contained the remain of three individualtwo adult, male and female, and one adolecent. Behind the kull of the female wa a bone hairpin and the hob-nail of boot or hoe were dicovered round the feet of the other two. All three had been buried in wooden coffin of which only the nail remained, Two of the grave were on a north-outh axi with the third at right angle.

5 58 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCH.1 0LOGICAL AND HISTORICAL SOCIETY The three burial appear to form a group defined on the wet by a curved gulley. To the north wa the beginning of another uch gulley which may indicate the poition of a further group of burial. One cinerary urn wa alo found in itu. The area wa not alway reerved for burial a the grave cut into earlier depoit and fire-bar from a kiln wa among the find from one of thee. It i hoped to return to thi ite and adjacent area next year a further invetigation i required. FIELD ARCHJBOLOGY SECTION NORFOLK STREET. SK During the eighteenth and nineteenth centurie moaic floor were recorded from thi ite (V.C.H., I, p. 196) which lie about half a mile outide the Roman town, wet of the River Soar. Following demolition in 1975 a further area wa excavated. The plan revealed by the dicoverie o far i of a central open area or courtyard urrounded by a erie of building on at leat three ide. The wet wing, recorded in the nineteenth century, conited of a range of room with moaic floor behind a teellated corridor to the eat. Mot of the north wing till lie below tanding building but another teellated corridor, at right angle to the firt, wa recorded in the nineteenth century and it outh wall wa located in the 1975 excavation. The building on the outh wa an ailed barn 12.5 m. wide and at leat 17.5 m. in length. The main weight of thi tructure mut have been carried by the double row of pot repreented by maive pot-pit c m. quare. The external wall were of much lighter contruction, epecially on the outh. An earlier channel approximately down the centre of the barn, wa cut by the eat wall and overlain by one of everal hearth within the building which appeared to be aociated with metal-working. A imilar channel divided the courtyard area from wet to eat though not centrally. Over much of the northern, larger part of the courtyard wa a firm cobbled urface which ealed earlier pot-hole and wa later re-urfaced with mortar. Both urface were cut by a later wall which reduced or dividecl the courtyard and joined the eat end of the barn and the north wing. No building have yet been located eat of the courtyard. In the northern part of the courtyard wa a rectangular feature, 4.5 m. by 3.00 m. and 0.65 m. deep which had been timber-lined and from which a channel led downhill to the eat. Both of thee feature had finally been filled with building rubble mainly compoed of fragment of roofing tile and painted wall-plater. The only feature in the outhern part of the courtyard wa a large oval-haped hole which had been dug into the natural Keuper marl and ubequently filled with building rubble. The earliet tratified level on the ite, below the courtyard urface contained material dating to the mid-econd century and occupation appear to have continued into the fourth century. FIELD ARCHJBOLOGY SECTION LEICESTERSHIRE APPLEBY MAGNA. SK A propoal to lower the level of the churchyard here wa reported to the Mueum. A trial trench wa excavated by Mr. D. Paron and member of the Mueum archreology ection to acertain whether the original level were till intact. It wa found that the tratification had been detroyed by building work in the nineteenth century, and no further invetigation wa thought neceary, (ee pp ). FIELD ARCHJBOLOGY SECTION BILLESDON. SK Field walking over the pat 15 month in the area of the Life Hill "earthwork" ha produced a quantity of Roman pottery. In October 1975 the field immediately eat of the "earthwork" wa ploughed and 86 herd of Roman pottery, 1 poible herd of an Iron Age rim and a flint craper were found along with oyter hell. The Roman pottery wa mainly grey ware, but colour coated ware were alo found and a date range of econd to fourth century AD would eem appropriate. Pottery and detail of find pot are with Leiceterhire Mueum. J R BRANSON

6 ARCH.1 0LOGY IN LEICESTERSHIRE AND RUTLAND 59 BILLESDON. SK To the outh eat of Life Hill 18 herd of Roman pottery were found in the poil from a drainage ditch. Detail with Leiceterhire Mueum. J R BRANSON BILLESDON. SK Long Lane continue northward from the village a a hollow way toward Stone Pit field and in the field on either ide are traight-ided encloure with ditche and bank. During the levelling of part of thi area by the Water Board many herd of medieval pottery were found ranging in date from the 12th century to the 14th. Detail with Leiceterhire Mueum. J R BRANSON COLD NEWTON. SK A bank and ditched encloure around the head of a mall tream wa invetigated during the drought in Within the encloure wa a pond, which may be modern, and platform on which, during the drought could be een the foundation of building. There were no find. Although thi ite i jut in the parih of Cold Newton it i only ½ mile from the centre of Tilton. Detail with Leiceterhire Mueum. J R BRANSON GARTHORPE. SK ; ; Quantitie of Roman pottery have been recovered by field-walking in thi area but o far no other trace of ettlement have been found, apart from an iolated column bae of uncertain date found while traightening the coure of the River Eye ome year ago. FIELD ARCHJEOLOGY SECTION FROLESWORTH. SP Over the pat few year digging of new drain and wall foundation, clearing a midden and other routine land work have produced much evidence of human preence from pre-hitory to Roman, medieval and preent time. Micro-lith, tone hand axe, an ancient iron axe, early grey, buff and red pottery; a mortarium-probably Mancetter, Stamford and Bellamine Ware. Alo a ma of other rough and glazed herd in great variety, including many example of Staff. lipware and more ophiticated and delightful example of the pottery artit. Clay moking pipe bowl and tem by the core together with piece of glaware, moulded, painted and etched and complete bottle from the lat century and many fragment of Victoriana. Alo large lump of lag wate and the bronze bell, figurine leg and handled plug or topper hown here. The ite i in the centre of the village, le than a mile from the Foe Way, 2½ m. acro the upper Soar Valley from Venonae on a and-gravel-clay ridge; alt. 366 ft. JOHN WEBSTER GOADBY Thi arrowhead (Fig. 1) wa found in a farmhoue garden at Goadby. It i ocketed and ha barb, one of them broken, of approximately the ame length a the ocket. The total length i 73 mm. According to the claification of the London Mueum Medieval Catalogue (1940) it i a type 14, which i later than the 13th century and deigned excluively for hunting. Very few medieval arrowhead are known from Leiceterhire. A type 15, from Enderby old church, very imilar to type 14 but with longer barb, i in the Leiceterhire Mueum' collection. Cottrill (Antiq. J., XXIII, 1943, 54-55) called attention to a decription of a type 14 or 15 arrowhead ued in the murder in 1297 at Tilton of Simon de Skeftington. Thi might ugget that both the date and the ue of uch arrowhead require reviion. RA RUTLAND HAMILTON. SK The field in which P. A. Rahtz dug a trial trench in 1955 wa ploughed late in 1975 for the firt time in living memory and an area of Roman building debri wa oberved. The material included roofing tile, Swithland late, flue tile, teerae, painted wall plater and pottery. The pottery range in date from the 1t-4th century AD with

7 60 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCH 0LOGICAL AND HISTORICAL SOCIETY appreciably more firt century than fourth. The pot where thi material wa found doe not eem to be the place where Rahtz dug the trench in A detailed tudy of thi area may help with the problem of continuity between the Roman and later period. AD MCWHIRR ILLSTON. SP 7099 Intenive fieldwork ha been carried out in the parih over the pat 2-3 year involving the plotting of ridge and furrow and other earthwork. A great deal of medieval pottery ha been found and find pot recorded. The fabric found include pottery from Stamford, Nottingham and Nuneaton. A thin catter of grey Roman pottery ha alo been found throughout the parih. J R BRANSON LOCKINGTON. SK A report wa received of the dicovery of a human kull in a field adjacent to the Romano-Britih villa and native ettlement in thi area. (J.R.S. LI PP133-4; Antiquity XLII pp.46-7, pl.xi; EMAB 1962). The ite wa viited and it wa found that the kull had in fact been dredged from the tream in November There wa no indication of it original ite or of any further material. The kull i now in the Mueum 486'1975. FIELD ARCH.IEOLOGY SECTION LONG WHATTON. Excavation by the Loughborough Archreological Society ha continued on the moated ite throughout 1975 and ha revealed a northward extenion of the building previouly recorded. Quantitie of ridge tile fragment, nail and roof late have been found, together with mall quantitie of dometic pottery dating from the thirteenth to the fifteenth centurie. A TARVER LOUGHBOROUGH. SK The demolition of a timber-framed houe in Churchgate, Loughborough, wa reported to the Mueum. It wa too late to top the demolition but the building wa recorded a fully a poible. The houe wa E-haped in plan and one of the wing wa of bae crock contruction. A lathe and mud moke cowl wa revealed, alo two Tudor brick fire-place and a wooden mullioned window. Other dicoverie included a timber dated 162?, a eventeenth-century hoe and a painted brace with black and white chevron decoration. FIELD ARCH.IEOLOGY SECTION LUBBESTHORPE. SK Stripping of turf and top-oil preparatory to laying a pipe-line through the earthwork at Lubbethorpe revealed the rubble foundation of a corner of a building with aociated medieval pottery. A hort ditance away wa a ubtantial catter of Roman pottery although thi could not certainly be aociated with any feature. The ite wa recorded and the find are in Leiceterhire Mueum. 286'1975. FIELD ARCH.IEOLOGY SECTION OADBY. SK Demolition of the Oadby Boy Club premie in London Road revealed the painted outline of a mall cottage unit. The teep roof pitch and low wall would be conitent with a timber building of crock contruction. D H SMITH RATBY. SK Invetigation of the two dometic unit in Church Hill revealed a fairly complete roof tru of collar and tie-beam contruction with ½-lap apex joint, wall-pot tanding on

8 ARCH 0LOGY IN LEICESTERSHIRE AND RUTLAND 61 padtone and a ection of wall-plate. Some early brick-work alo appeared to be aociated with thi fabric. D H SMITH SAPCOTE. SP Work continued through 1975 on the ite of the Roman Villa. The adjacent field to the north of the quarry became available for invetigation and a number of trial trenche were dug to acertain the limit of the Villa. Part of the plan of a bath uite wa found along with vouoir haped box-tile and curved painted wall plater from the detruction level. The wall, reported in 1974 (T.L.A.S., xlix (1973-4), 62), found along the north face of the unken quarry road proved to turn northward and to continue for 50 metre poibly ending in a buttre, thu forming two ide of what appear to be an encloure wall. S SMITH SMEETON WESTERBY. SP The dicovery of human keletal remain and pottery during mole-draining operation wa reported to the Mueum. The ite wa identified a a Beaker burial and one complete Beaker and fragment of at leat one more were recovered. One keleton wa recorded in itu and bone of at leat three other individual were recovered. 485'1975. FIELD ARCH.IIWLOGY SECTION THURMASTON. SK Excavation, on a ite threatened by building development adjacent to the tanding wet wall of the church of St. John the Evangelit, by a local amateur group revealed only the lowet coure of pebble foundation for the north and outh wall of the building. The foundation were traced over a length of about 13 m. Above thi there wa a depth of c. one metre of nineteenth-century infilling. No trace of floor level remained. FIELD ARCH 0LOGY SECTION TONGE. SK Pottery of early medieval date including one herd of Torkey-type ware wa found in a garden. No other find are known from the area. FIELD ARCH 0LOGY SECTION TUGBY. SK During levelling operation prior to building a number of feature were noted in thi central area of Tugby. Several patche of cobbling were found and pottery of 12-13th century date recovered. Detailed plan and photograph with Leiceterhire Mueum., J R BRANSON WEST LANGTON. SP Trial excavation were carried out at Wet Langton, Leic. (Grid ref. SP ) in December 1974, on behalf of the Leiceterhire Archa:ological Committee. The prime purpoe of thi wa to invetigate the tate of urvival of the uppermot level of the tructure and, if time permitted, to gain ome idea of the plan of thi poible Roman Villa. At firt, the aerial photograph of the field concerned proved to be mileading and a tructural plan derived from them turned out to be non-exitent. When trenche were laid out lower down the field by ditinct rubble catter the villa wa found. Two main part of the villa were examined and the line of a roadway, metalled with tone and urviving at a depth of 45 cm. wa found. Reitivity meter reading here indicated a width of 6 metre. Three main trenche were placed in the eat-wet running part of the villa. The line of four wall were found, all urviving a ditinct robber trenche. The upper floor level of the room, urviving at depth ranging from cm. had uffered badly from early diturbance, weathering and ploughing. Trench G revealed thick patche of an unurfaced mortar layer, part of a tone bedding and the gravelly remain

9 62 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCH&OLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL SOCIETY of an opu igninum floor. Seven metre away, trench B uncovered part of two room, both poibly with tiled floor originally. Here only two complete tile remained, though the clay layer beneath were fairly intact. Finally, trench J produced a 2.2 m. wide corridor with an intact patch of teerae, recognized a the ame patch uncovered in 1973 by Mr. Agga and Mr. Yate of Kibworth Beauchamp. Strangely, thi wa found at a depth of only 22-4 cm., while nearby ploughing had cattered both teerae and underlying concrete, and had cored the mortar layer beneath both. Some ditance away a 25 m. long trench revealed mot of the cro-ection of a wet "wing". Here there were two outer corridor and probably two interior room, the dividing wall being hown up by reitivity meter reading. Two eparate urfaced mortar floor, with indication of a third, were found in the wet corridor, while it oppoite number had minute trace of an opu igninwn floor, mortar beneath and then a thick white concrete layer. The latter urvived almot intact and wa only 32 cm. below field urface level. Alongide it wa the only recognizably intact tretch of wall found at Wet Langton, a wall only 35 cm. wide. Between the two corridor only a mall area excavated at depth. Here there wa a thick mortarih detruction level, containing the looe remain of a teellated floor and an opu igninum floor. Only a hardened mortar floor beneath both urvived in patche. The building material recovered included local limetone walling, andtone, Swithland late, roof, floor and flue tile, a variety of opu igninum, mortar and pebbleconcrete floor layer, tufa, painted and unpainted wall-plater, gla, iron nail and a quantity of looe teerae. Pottery wa not at all abundant, nearly all the herd coming from the uboil and detruction layer above the floor layer. Thi included amian, mortaria, orange ware, imitation amian and blackih ware. The main categorie though were colour-coated ware (35 %), grey ware (12%), light bluih-grey andy ware (11 %) and, mot intereting of all, gritted pottery (18½%), recalling the pottery from Brixworth. Apart from thi a radiate bronze coin and two iron tool, a yet unidentified, were found. Over 1,200 reitivity meter reading were taken, though many were hrouded by the effect of cattered rubble and an overlying medieval field pattern varying the depth of depoit. Neverthele, it wa poible to contruct a hypothetical plan of the villa, in the field worked in. It appear that there were at leat two main block, the wet one being about 20 m. wide and at leat 48 m. long. A north block, running eat-wet, wa at leat 46 m. long and varied in width from 12 m. to 33 m. There were alo indication of out-building. R SHEPPARD WHITWICK. SK Church of St. John the Baptit During reflooring of the eat end of the nave and aile in the ummer of 1975 evidence of earlier maonry wa dicovered. Two feature in the outh-eat corner of the nave were recorded. The firt, which wa largely covered by pew (poition indicated by line a-a on Fig. 2), appeared to be part of an octagonal pier bae, the one complete face viible (the outh-eatern) meauring 50 cm. (1 ft. 7¾ in.) in length. The recontruction of thi feature in fig. 2 how that it wa of maive contruction in comparion with the exiting arcade pier to the' outh of it. It implie the former exitence of a nave outh arcade ome 1.5 m. (5 ft.) north of the preent one, upporting a wall probably of coniderable thickne. Thi wall would have aligned fairly well with the exiting outh wall of the chancel. There wa no trace of a repond or pier bae at the junction of the wet wall of the aile and the outh wall of the chancel. Did thi bay of the arcade extend further eat? What, in any cae, would have been the relationhip of it eat repond or pier to the crypt, which i of the ame external width a the chancel and project at leat 2.4 m. (8 ft.) into the firt bay of the nave? The alternative eem to be either that the nave arcade predate the crypt and wa abandoned when the crypt wa contructed, or that the eat bay of the arcade wa upported not on a full repond at the aile/chancel junction, but on a corbel. Indeed, the exiting north arcade, which tand in a imilar relationhip with the crypt to that of the potulated outh arcade, pring at the eat end direct from the aile eat wall, without even the benefit of a corbel. On thee relationhip ee A. Hamilton Thompon' paper on the church, which contain a plan by Herbert, in G. F. Farnham, Charnwood Foret and it Hitorian and the Charnwood Manor (Leiceter, 1930), pp It i intereting to note that at the end of the eighteenth century, Nichol oberved that "the South aile i larger than the North, and ha a fourth arch, dividing it from the chancel." (Hitory and Antiquitie of the County of Leiceter ( ),

10 ARCHJEOLOGY IN LEICESTERSHIRE AND RUTLAND III, 1u8.) The north aile wa then only three bay long, and the chancel apparently a long a the crypt. The recently found bae rnay therefore have upported not only the arch rnentioned by Nichol, but alo the chancel arch, which would explain it apparent ize. The poibility of a north-outh wall in thi poition, however, rnake the detail of the recontruction offered in fig. 2 open to quetion. The econd feature wa a hort tretch (r.22 rn. /4 ft.) of rnaonry running roughly eat-wet in the extreme outh-eat corner of the nave. It outh face wa intact, but on the north ide it had been damaged by a nineteenth-century heating duct and grille (at b on fig. 2), o that it i impoible to determine it original hape or purpoe. It projection into the eat bay of the aumed outh arcade and it apparently light contruction make it unlikely to have been part of the miing repond bae dicued above. It may have been the footing for a creen or part of a wide chancel tep. There were no mall find and no tratigraphic relationhip or other dating criteria. The feature have been buried in the new concrete floor. Addendum Since thi account wa drafted, Mr. John Colledge of Whitwick, whoe great-grandfather carried out the 1848 retoration, ha kindly upplied the following information: there i no trace of further bae under the pewing wet of the octagonal feature recorded here; before the 1848 rebuilding the chancel arch tood ome 16 feet further wet, with it foundation roughly in line with the firt arcade pier. Thee tatement clearly make it neceary to reconider the detail of the interpretation offered above, and in particular a cloe tudy of the 1848 paper i called for. It i hoped to preent further concluion on another occaion. DAVID PARSONS WIGSTON MAGNA. SP (i) Demolition of mot of the propertie on the wet ide of Bull Head Street offered the opportunity to invetigate their contruction. Quaker Cottage, an earlier demolition, wa reported briefly in volume XL V of thee Tranaction. Due outh of thi property tood The Bull' Head public houe, a ubtantial timber-framed building with a erie of collar and tie-beam true, all eraed lightly above the collar level. Some wall-pot were alo traced and evidence of a wall-plate and diagonal bracing wa alo noted. An extenive range of outbuilding were related to both farming and malting with one outbuilding having a pecial bricked floor for malting. (ii) No. 43 Bull Head Street concealed timber fabric of imilar type to that in The Bull' Head. Roof contruction wa of collar and tie-beam true while two wall-pot were alo traced. (iii) Demolition of a mall range of late nineteenth-century terraced cottage in Buhloe End (SP ) revealed a palimpet of building type in the wetern gable of the adjacent houe. Embedded in the gable but bearing no relationhip to any of the preent building wa a ingle cruck blade. D H SMITH RUTLAND EMPINGHAM. SK A econd eaon of excavation wa conducted in 1975 on the ite of an A-S cemetery found during the contruction of a car park beide the new reervoir at Empingham, Rutland. The work wa directed by Nichola Reynold, of the Univerity of Cambridge, on behalf of the D.o.E. and the Anglian Water Authority, following work begun in 1974 by Mr. S. Gorin of Newark Technical College. A total of 132 grave had been laid out along the line of a hollow way, probably in ue during the Roman period, and among a complex of ilted-up Iron Age ditche. The layout of the grave appeared to be largely random, and all were comparatively hallow. No grave cut into another, indicating that their poition were marked in ome way; indeed, it ha been poible to ugget, from the evidence of the keleton, that, although there were no coffin, the grave were covered over rather than immediately back-filled (cf. Reynold, Antiquity, 1976). A large and varied collection of fine object had been buried with the dead, among them hield-boe, knive, pear, buckle, bone comb, chatelaine, gla and amber bead, and variou kind of metal cotume fatening, including annular, penannular, watika and dic brooche, and a particularly fine erie of gilt bronze cruciform

11 64 LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHR.OLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL SOCIETY brooche. Thee indicate a late date for the burial, either at the end of the 6th or early in the 7th centurie AD. The cemetery appear to have been in ue for a hort period, and there i ome evidence to ugget that much of the metalwork wa made by one craftman, or at leat in one workhop. A high proportion of the dead were adolecent, though many of the adult lived well into middle age. Some of the keleton diplayed intereting and ditinctive genetic feature, which ugget the poibility of dicerning familial link. NM REYNOWS KETTON. SK A Roman inhumation burial in a tone coffin wa found in 1974 during quarrying operation. The ite wa diturbed before archa:ologit could viit the ite, but a bronze wire bracelet, fragment of two hale bracelet, and a few herd of pottery were recovered together with remain of the keleton. TH CLOUGH LEIGHFIELD. SK , and Three ite were noted on R.A.F. aerial photograph by J. R. Branon, each with houe platform or encloure aociated with hollow way or track. Little i now to be een on the ground. TH CLOUGH L YDDINGTON. SP A little Roman colour-coated pottery and grey ware wa found on the route of the Wing-Beanfield (Corby) water pipeline during fieldwalking by the Rutland Field Reearch Group following the removal of topoil. Find were depoited in Rutland County Mueum. TH CLOUGH LYDDINGTON. Medieval and pot-medieval pottery wa found along the line of the Wing-Beanfield pipeline during fieldwalking by the Rutland Field Reearch Group. Medieval pottery wa epecially prolific in the hitherto unditurbed ridge-and-furrowed field eat of the tream oppoite Lyddington church. Find depoited in Rutland County Mueum. TH CLOUGH NETHER HAMBLETON. SK Following excavation in a further eaon in 1975 wa poible a the filling of the reervoir wa delayed by the water hortage of Removal of a tone catter revealed paved "yard" eat and wet of the houe. A coniderable quantity of pottery wa found and alo bone of hore, ox, heep, pig, dog and cat. Included in the mall find were many iron nail, door bracket, peg, knife blade and three flat bronze clip. A ilver coin found outide the eat doorway ha been identified a Scandinavian, Erik the Seventh. Later in 1975 a ection wa dug into the "treet" to locate the outhern wall of the houe and thi poed certain problem. In the floor material of the outhernmot room ix ilver coin were found. They were Henry III dating from about Another coin wa found in the yard and thi wa identified a a penny of Edward III from the York eccleiatical mint, Preent indication are that the ite wa probably occupied from the 10th-15th centurie and the preence of iron lag ugget an indutrial ue for part of the period. AW ADAMS OAKHAM. SK A mall polihed tone axe wa found in the garden of 45 Warn Crecent, Oakham. The reult of thin ectioning i awaited, but the axe i almot certainly of Group VI (Great Langdale area) rock. Petrology number RUT 5. TH CLOUGH SEATON. SP A catter of Roman pottery including colour-coated ware and other type wa found together with many mall piece of iron lag on the route of the Wing-Beanfield pipeline during fieldwalk.ing by the Rutland Field Reearch Group. Find were depoited in Rutland County Mueum. TH CLOUGH

12 (Addendum extracted from 1976 Tranaction. To be read in conjunction with above article) A BEAl(ER BURIAL AT SMEETON WESTERBY LEICESTERSHIRE 1975 AN ADDENDUM by R. A. RUTLAND Two illutration were omitted from lat year' paper (Rutland, 1976). They were of the recontructed Beaker and the bae fragment referred to in the text a Fig. 3 No. 1 and No. 2 repectively. They are, therefore, reproduced here (Fig. 1 ). The awl reproduced in the previou paper a Fig. 3 without a cale i twice actual ize. BIBLIOGRAPHY Rutland, R. A., A Beaker Burial at Smeeton Weterby, Leiceterhire, 1975, T.L.A.H.S., L, 46-48

13 A BEAKER BURIAL AT SMEETON WESTERBY: AN ADDENDUM Oaaaa CJQO(I OCIOO OQD D D a onaoo ooag& oo oaaa oo a,, oc1 ouooanaoa0acaaoo4ao euo a a aot1,na o a oaoo! : o /, o" o' "o I) o" (/ (1 I, 01 o. a 8 ll "',aogi. D CO ' Oo o P,~a11 ooo OIJQfoo ca1ooaooaeoaoaoaoooaoo 1t,oa(oa\,,aoovo10~00,~o o,o,'ofjo\."6eo ~\<looc""~~/ 011o aaao<0 oe a oaooa a ao' CQ011011Gc1oma cm. Recontructed Beaker and bae fragment from Smeeton Weterby Addendum Fig. r in.