ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY ASSESSMENT OF EYELINER EXTRACTED FROM NATURAL SOURCES (CASTOR OIL & SANDALWOOD)

Transcription

1 Original Research Article Biotechnology International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences ISSN ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY ASSESSMENT OF EYELINER EXTRACTED FROM NATURAL SOURCES (CASTOR OIL & SANDALWOOD) T. APARNA *, N. JYOTHI, M. KEZIA ELIZABETH, D.S.N. PRAVEENA, K. SWETHA AND S. SHAILAJA Department of Microbiology & Biotechnology, Avanthi Degree & P.G.College, Narayanaguda, Hyderabad, India. ABSTRACT Our nature is a valuable source of various valuable compounds, which can be used in treatment of some diseases and to enhance our beauty. Traditionally natural products extracted from plants were used to make many cosmetics, one such product is eyeliner (used in present study). The natural eyeliner was extracted from Castor oil, Sandalwood and Bronze metal by traditional method. The crude extract was dissolved in standard solvents like ethanol and its antibacterial activity of crude extract was evaluated against bacterial cultures of Staphylococcus, E.coli, Klebsiella. Simultaneously, the antibacterial activity of even the commercial eyeliner was evaluated against the bacterial cultures staphylococcus, E.coli, Klebsiella. The inhibitory activity of natural eyeliner and commercial eyeliner were compared. The focus of present study lies in the investigation of antimicrobial activity of the naturally extracted crude eyeliner and commercial eyeliner. From the analysis it was found that crude extract of natural eyeliner is more effective against the bacterial test Organisms. The staphylococcus species was found to be more susceptible among the bacterial cultures tested. The crude extract of natural eyeliner containing castor oil, Sandalwood and metal bronze was found to be antibacterial. The common eye infections are caused by Staphylococcus and it was found that our natural product is showing antibacterial activity against the organism Staphylococcus. The Zone of inhibition was evaluated and the crude extract was found to be more effective against Staphylococcus as compared to commercial eyeliner. The outcome of the present study reveals that the natural eyeliner is found to be more antibacterial than the commercial eyeliner and useful effects of natural products. KEYWORDS: Natural eyeliner, Staphylococcus, Antibacterial activity, castor oil, sandalwood, bronze metal. T. APARNA Department of Microbiology & Biotechnology, Avanthi Degree & P.G. College, Narayanaguda, Hyderabad, India. Received on: Revised and Accepted on: DOI: B-1002

2 INTRODUCTION Nature is a valuable source of many plants that have medicinal value, which can be used for therapy and even to enhance the beauty. Traditionally, the natural products extracted from plants were used in preparation of eyeliner, lipstick and many other cosmetic products. The use of eyeliner can be traced back to more than 5000years when it was used for its beauty as well as medicinal benefits. Eyeliner was initially prepared at home from Camphor, vegetable oils castor oil and ghee 1. Commercial eyeliner is made from several natural and chemical products 2. In the manufactory of commercial eyeliner, lead is extensively used and therefore, it is considered harmful to the eyes 3. Lead not only damages the eye muscle but also affects the eyesight 4. According to Kenneth J.Ryan M.D. and C. George Ray M.D, the pathogenic bacteria of eye like Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyrogenes and some fungal species are leading cause of conjunctivitis worldwide 5. The focus of present study lies in the investigation of antibacterial activity of natural eyeliner extracted from Castor Oil, Sandalwood and Metal bronze. The comparison of inhibitory activity against commercial eyeliner. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bacterial cultures and assay media Pure cultures of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella were collected from Department of Microbiology, Osmania University, Hyderabad and maintained in Nutrient Broth. The above cultures were used as test organisms to check the antibacterial activity of Natural Eyeliner and Commercial Eyeliner by Agar well assay. The assay media employed for agar well assay is Mueller-Hinton agar 6. Method The castor oil around 100ml is filled into the bronze lamp and is lighted. A thick layer of sandalwood is applied on metal bronze plate, allowed to dry, and then inverted upon the lamp in such a way that there is a gap between the bronze plate and the lamp. The fire laps at the sandal on bronze plate making it blacker and blacker. Ash was collected from the bronze metal plate using small quantity of castor oil. The extract thus obtained is natural eyeliner 7. Antibacterial studies The crude extract of natural eyeliner was dissolved in solvents like 10% ethanol and distilled water. The antibacterial activity was tested against test organisms by agar well diffusion method taking 1mg/ml as concentration. 50μl of Crude Eyeliner suspension was inoculated into 2mm wells. Two wells were made where one well was used for test sample and the second well was used for control. For each test, triplicates were maintained and for control sterile distilled water without sample is used. The plates were incubated at 37ºC for 24 hrs and zone of inhibitions were measured in mm 8. RESULTS The Zone of inhibition observed on agar plates of crude samples (Figure 1) of eyeliner were calculated and compared with the commercial eyeliner. The values obtained were found to be varying. The values are reported in the following tables. Figure 1 Zone of inhibition of (A)natural eyeliner along with negative control and (B) commercial eyeliner along with negative control against E.coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella MEAN OF ZONEOF INHIBITION IN mm ( NATURAL) Table 1 Antibacterial Activity of Crude and Commercial Eyeliner (Solvent 10% Ethanol) Standard Deviation (SD) for mean values (Natural eye Liner) MEAN OF ZONE OF INHIBITION IN mm(commercial) Standard Deviation (SD) for mean values (Commercial Eye Liner) TEST ORGANISMS Staphylococcus Escherichia coli Klebsiella B-1003

3 TEST ORGANISMS Figure 2 Antibacterial activity of crude and commercial eyeliner (solvent 10% ethanol) Table 2 Antibacterial activity of crude and commercial eyeliner (solvent distilled water) MEAN OF ZONE OF INHIBITION IN MM ( NATURAL ) Standard Deviation (SD) for mean values (Natural eye Liner) ZONEOF INHIBITION IN MM (COMMERCIAL) Standard Deviation (SD) for mean values (Commercial eye Liner) Staphylococcus Escherichia coli Klebsiella Figure 3 Antibacterial Activity Of Crude And Commercial Eyeliner (Solvent Distilled Water) From the analysis of values given in the above tables, it is interpreted that crude sample of eyeliner is more effective against the bacterial test organisms. Staphylococcus species were proved to be most susceptible among the bacterial strains tested. DISCUSSION The Crude extract of natural eyeliner containing Castor oil, Sandalwood and Metal bronze was found to be antibacterial 9. The common eye infections are caused by Staphylococcus species. Some of the eye diseases are Blepharitis - an acute or chronic inflammatory disease of the eyelid margin, Dacryocystis- an inflammation of lachrymal sac and Conjuctivitis - an inflammation of Conjuctiva which may extend to eyelids and cornea. All these diseases are caused by Staphylococcus aureus 10. The WHO (World Health Organization) is encouraging and promoting the use of herbal medicine and the plant extracts for the treatment of many microbial infections. According to our present B-1004

4 study, the natural crude extracts were found to be effective against Staphylococcus species as it was evident from the Zone of Inhibition Observed on Agar Well Diffusion Assay. The commercial eyeliner contains harmful chemicals like lead which are harmful to eye and cornea. Studied in Saudi Arabia by king khaled eye hospital The 21 years old Saudi Arabian lady was referred to Oculoplastics and Orbit Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia with a case of severe keratitis in her right eye after using a commercial eye linear (Kohl) prescribed by a local herbalist for her red eye 2 weeks prior to her referral. Patient had put a large amount of the eyeliner inside the eye rather on the lid margins for about one week as per the advice of the herbalist. No history of ocular trauma, contact lens wear or systemic diseases was reported. On her examination in the emergency room she had visual acuity (VA) of counting fingers at 2 feet in the right eye (OD), and 20/20 in the left eye (OS) 11. Studied by Dr.Alison at the centre for contact lens research, university of waterloo People who apply eyeliner on the inner eyelid run the risk of contaminating the eye and causing vision trouble, according to research by a scientist at the University of Waterloo. Dr. Alison Ng, at the Centre for Contact Lens Research at Waterloo noticed that the makeup migration happened quicker and was greater when eyeliner was put on the inner lid margin. The vision scientists found that within five minutes, between 15 and 30 per cent more particles moved into the eye's tear film when subjects applied eyeliner to the inside of the lash line, compared to outside it. The makeup also moved more quickly into the eye when eyeliner was applied inside the lash line 12. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS SAMPLE Natural eye liner Commercial eye liner CONCENTRATION OF COMPONENTS OF NATURAL EYE LINER 1mg/1ml of eye liner containing castor oil and sandal wood (1;1) In the manufactory of commercial eyeliner, lead is extensively used REFERENCE Our study of assessment is the reference. Therefore, it is considered harmful to the eyes. Lead not only damages the eye muscle but also affects the eyesight. With Respect to the statistical analysis, the standard deviation is smaller for natural eyeliner when compared with that of commercial eyeliner. Smaller standard deviation value signifies more effectiveness of the sample. According to the calculations the P score obtained from test of significance(t) is lesser than and the result is significant at P less than 0.5. Based on this Statistical Analysis, we conclude that the lead is harmful to the eyes and damages eye sight. Our natural eye liner contains Castor oil and sandal wood in the ratio 1:1 and it was found that 1mg/1ml Concentration of eye liner is effective against staphylococcus. REFERENCES 1. Annapurna J, Amarnath PV, Kumar DA, Ramakrishna SV, Raghavan KV. Antimicrobial activity of Ixora coccinea leaves. Fitoterapia Apr 30;74(3): Praveena YS, Padmini P. Antibacterial activities of mycotoxins from newly isolated filamentous fungi. International Journal of Plant, Animal, and Enviromental Science. 2011;1(1): Chamundeeswari M, Sobhana SS, Jacob JP, Kumar MG, Devi MP, Sastry TP, Mandal AB. Preparation, characterization and evaluation of a biopolymeric gold nanocomposite with antimicrobial activity. Biotechnol Appl Biochem Jan 1;55(1): Leung AK, Keyhani K, Ashenhurst M. Retinal tear and raised intraocular pressure following unintentional intraocular botulinum toxin type A injection. Can J Ophthalmol 2007 Oct 1;42(5): Rahmati H, Salehi S, Malekpour A, Farhangi F. Antimicrobial activity of castor oil plant (Ricinus CONCLUSION The natural extract used in our study contains sandalwood,castor oil and Bronze metal that are harmless and have antibacterial properties. Our study has revealed the Potential benefits of Natural Eyeliner and therefore, more studies need to be done to understand the therapeutic and Useful effects of natural products. CONFLICT OF INTEREST Conflict of interest declared none. communis) seeds extract against gram positive bacteria, gram negative bacteria and yeast. Int J Mol Med and Advance Sciences. 2015;11(1): Ryan KJ, Ray CG. Medical microbiology. McGraw Hill. 2004;4: Akrayi HF. Effect of Some Plant Extracts on Isolated Bacteria from Eyelids of Natural Eye liner Users and Eye Cosmetics Users.Kumar AA, Joshi G, Mohan Ram HY. Sandalwood: history, uses, present status and the future. Current Science Dec 25;103(12): Leite VM, Pinheiro JB, Pisani MX, Watanabe E, Souza RF, Paranhos HD, Lovato-Silva CH. In vitro antimicrobial activity of an experimental dentifrice based on Ricinus communis. Braz Dent J 2014;25(3): Grass G, Rensing C, Solioz M. Metallic copper as an antimicrobial surface. Appl Environ Microbiol Mar 1;77(5): Al Amry M, Al-Saikhan F, Ayoubi A. Toxic effect of cadmium found in eyeliner to the eye of a 21 B-1005

5 year old Saudi woman: a case report. Saudi Pharm J Oct 31;19(4): Poole JJ, Grandy JJ, Gómez-Ríos GA, Gionfriddo E, Pawliszyn J. Solid phase microextraction onfiber derivatization using a stable, portable, and reusable pentafluorophenyl hydrazine standard gas generating vial. Analytical chemistry Jun 23;88(13): Mueller JH, Hinton J. A protein-free medium for primary isolation of the gonococcus and meningococcus. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine Oct;48(1): Hewitt W. Microbiological assay: an introduction to quantitative principles and evaluation. Elsevier; Pg No: ( ; ), united kingdom edition published by academic press, inc ( london) ltd.; 2012 Dec 2 B-1006

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