Prison and Jail Inmates at Midyear 2001

Transcription

1 U.S. Deprtment of Justie Offie of Justie Progrms Bureu of Justie Sttistis Bulletin Prison nd Jil Inmtes t Midyer 21 April 22, NCJ By Allen J. Bek, Ph.D., Jennifer C. Krerg, nd Pige M. Hrrison BJS Sttistiins At midyer 21 the Ntion s prisons nd jils inrerted 1,5,495 persons. Prisoners in the ustody of the 5 Sttes, the Distrit of Columi, nd the Federl Government ounted for two-thirds of the inrerted popultion (1,334,255 inmtes). The other third were held in lol jils (631,24). On June 3, 21, 1,45,531 prisoners were under Federl nd Stte jurisdition, whih inludes inmtes in ustody nd persons under the legl uthority of prison system ut held outside its filities. The numer under Stte jurisdition rose y.4% C the smllest nnul growth rte in 28 yers C while the numer under Federl jurisdition rose y 7.2%. Mississippi (up 12.5%), West Virgini (up 8.7%), nd Vermont nd Nersk (oth up 7.7%) hd the lrgest perentge inreses. Twelve Sttes hd dereses, inluding New Jersey (-9.6%), Msshusetts (-3.7%), nd New York (-3.5%). At midyer 21 lol jil uthorities held or supervised 72,44 offenders. Ten perent of these offenders (7,84) were supervised outside jil filities in progrms suh s ommunity servie, work relese, weekend reporting, eletroni monitoring, nd other lterntive progrms. Highlights 6-month growth rtes for Stte prisons hve dropped shrply sine 1995 Perent hnge 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% % -1% From yerend 1995 to midyer 21 C 6-month growth rtes for ll Sttes omined dropped from 4.8% in the first hlf of 1995 to -.1% in the lst hlf of 2. The rte of inrertion in prison nd jil inresed from 1 in every 166 U.S. residents to 1 in every 145. Stte, Federl, nd lol governments hd to ommodte n dditionl 69,74 inmtes per yer (or the equivlent of 1,328 new inmtes per week). In the yer ending June 3, 21 C The numer of inmtes held in jil rose y 1,91, in Stte prison y 1,954, nd in Federl prison y 9,245. In the lrgest Stte prison systems, the totl numer of inmtes delined: Texs (down 3,661), Cliforni (down 525) nd New York (down 2,553). Florid (up 774) eme the third lrgest system. Jn.- June July- De. On June 3, 21 C Privtely operted prison filities held,8 inmtes (up 4.9% sine yerend 2). Lol jils were operting 1% elow their rted pity. In ontrst, t yerend 2 Stte prisons were operting etween 1% nd 115% of pity, nd Federl prisons were 31% ove their rted pity. A totl of 3,147 Stte prisoners, down from 3,8 t midyer 2, were under ge 18. A totl of 7,613 persons under ge 18 were held in dult jils. An estimted 12% of lk mles, 4% of Hispni mles, nd 1.8% of white mles in their twenties nd erly thirties were in prison or jil. There were 113 femle inmtes per 1, women in the United Sttes, ompred to 1,318 mle inmtes per 1, men.

2 More thn 1. million inmtes were in prisons nd lol jils On June 3, 21, 1,334,255 inmtes were in the ustody of Stte nd Federl prison uthorities, nd 631,24 inmtes were in the ustody of lol jil uthorities. These dt were olleted in the 21 Ntionl Prisoner Sttistis progrm nd the 21 Annul Survey of Jils. (See Methodology, pge 13, for desription of dt olletions.) Tle 1. Numer of persons held in Stte or Federl prisons or in lol jils, Yer 199 Perent hnge, 6/3/ - 6/3/1 Annul verge inrese, 12/31/95-6/3/1 Totl inmtes in ustody 1,148,72 1.6% 4.% Prisoners in ustody Federl Stte 58, ,544 7.% 8.6% 2 Prison nd Jil Inmtes t Midyer 21 Sine midyer 2 the totl inrerted popultion hs inresed 1.6% (tle 1). Inluding inmtes in puli nd privtely operted filities, the numer of inmtes in Stte prisons inresed.9%; in Federl prisons, 7.%; nd in lol jils, 1.6%. At midyer 21, 7.2% of inmtes were held in Federl prison, up from 5.1% in ,585,586 89, ,4 57, ,646,2 95,88 1,32,44 518, ,743,643 11,755 1,74,89 567, ,816,931 11,793 1,113,676 5, ,893, ,682 1,161,49 65, June 3 1,934,99 131,4 1,176, , Deemer ,1 1,175,74 21 June 3 1,5,495 14,741 1,187, , % 3.4% Inmtes held in lol jils 45,32 1.6% 3.7% Inrertion rte Note: Jil ounts re for midyer (June 3). Counts for exlude persons who were supervised outside of jil fility. Stte nd Federl prisoner ounts for re for Deemer 31. Not ville. Persons in ustody per 1, residents in eh referene yer. (See pge 4 for effets of 2 Census). In 1999, 15 Sttes expnded their reporting riteri to inlude inmtes held in privtely operted orretionl filities. For omprisons with previous yers, the Stte ount 1,137,544 nd the totl ount 1,869,169 should e used. Totl ounts inlude Federl inmtes in non-seure privtely operted filities (5,7 in 2 nd 6,1 in 21). Perent hnge during 6-month periods in the numer of prisoners under the jurisdition of the Federl system, Perent hnge 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% % Figure 1 Jn.- June July- De Between 1995 nd midyer 21, the inrerted popultion grew on verge 4.% nnully. During this period the Federl nd Stte prison popultions nd the lol jil popultion grew t the verge nnul rtes of 8.6%, 3.4%, nd 3.7%, respetively. In the 12 months efore midyer 21, the numer of inmtes in prison nd jil rose n estimted 3,55 inmtes, or 587 inmtes per week. Sine yerend 199, the totl ustody popultion hs risen y 816,793 inmtes, the equivlent of 1,49 inmtes per week. The rte of inrertion in prison nd jil in 21 ws 69 inmtes per 1, U.S. residents C up from 686 t midyer 2. At midyer 21, 1 in every 145 U.S. residents were inrerted. U.S. prison popultion rose 1.1% C the smllest nnul growth rte sine 12 Between July 1, 2, nd June 3, 21, the numer of inmtes under Stte jurisdition grew.4%, nd the numer under Federl jurisdition, 7.2% (tle 2). Jurisdition ounts inlude prisoners in ustody nd persons under the legl uthority of prison system while eing held outside its filities. Compred to the previous 12-month period ending June 3, 2, Stte prison growth rtes were signifintly smller (down from 1.5%), while the Federl prison growth rte ws down from 9.3%. Yers Averge growth, Annul inrese in the numer of prisoners under Stte or Federl jurisdition, July 1-June 3 Numer Perent 15,472 3,71 56,59 57,726 56,71 57,57 9,881 72,854 69,525 51,2 49,446 55, %

3 In solute numers, the totl inrese of 15,472 prison inmtes etween July 1, 2, nd June 3, 21, ws the smllest 12-month inrese in the dede nd less thn third of the nnul verge growth (55,265) sine 199. Aout two-thirds of the growth in the prison popultions during the 12 months ending June 3, 21, ws ounted for y the Federl system (1,258 dditionl inmtes). During this 12-month period, severl Sttes experiened growth, inluding Mississippi (12.5%), West Virgini (8.7%), Vermont nd Nersk (eh 7.7%). Twelve Sttes experiened deline in their prison popultion. New Jersey hd the lrgest perentge derese (-9.6%), followed y Msshusetts (-3.7%), New York (-3.5%), nd Knss (-2.7%). Sine 1995, Stte growth rtes hve dropped, while Federl rtes hve inresed Sine Jnury 1, 1995, 6-month growth rtes for ll Sttes omined hve dropped shrply (from 4.8% in the first hlf of 1995 to -.1% in the lst hlf of 2). The.6% growth etween Jnury nd June 21 offset the deline in the lst 6 months of 2. Throughout the entire 6½ yers, Stte prison growth rtes in the first hlf of eh yer hve een sustntilly lrger thn rtes in the seond hlf (Highlights figure). During this time, Federl growth rtes rose drmtilly, rehing pek of 6.% in the first 6 months of 1999 (figure 1). Although the Federl rtes of growth in the first 6 months of 2 nd 21 dropped to 5.4% nd 5.1% (respetively), the solute inreses in the numer of prisoners rehed reord levels. In the first 6-months of 21, the Federl system dded 7,372 inmtes, the lrgest 6-month growth ever reorded in the numer of inmtes under Federl jurisdition. Tle 2. Prisoners under the jurisdition of Stte or Federl orretionl uthorities, June 3 nd Deemer 31, 2, nd June 3, 21 Region nd jurisdition U.S. totl Federl Stte Totl 6/3/1 12/31/ 6/3/ 1,45,531 1,391,111 1,39,59 152,788 1,252, , ,53 1,245,695 1,247,529 Perent hnge from C 6/3/ to 12/31/ to 6/3/1 6/3/1 1.1% 1.% Northest 172,5 174, ,5-2.8% -1.1% 35 Connetiut 18,875 18,355 18, Mine 1,693 1,679 1, Msshusetts 1,734 1,722 11, New Hmpshire 2,323 2,257 2, New Jersey d 28,18 29,784 31, New York 69,158 7,198 71, Pennsylvni 37,15 36,847 36, Rhode Islnd 3,147 3,286 3, Vermont 1,782 1,6 1, Midwest 24, ,75 236,84 1.4% 1.3% 37 Illinois d 45,629 45,281 44, Indin 2,576 2,125 19, Iow e 8,11 7,955 7, Knss d 8,543 8,344 8, Mihign 48,371 47,718 47, Minnesot 6,514 6,238 6, Missouri 28,167 27,382 27, Nersk 3,4 3,895 3, North Dkot 1,8 1,76 1, Ohio d 45,684 45,833 46, South Dkot 2,673 2,616 2, Wisonsin 2,931 2,612 2, South 563, ,373 56,698.6%.4% 532 Alm 27,286 26,225 25, Arknss 12,332 11,915 11, Delwre 7,122 6,1 7, Distrit of Columi 5,388 7,456 8, Florid e 72,7 71,319 71, Georgi e 45,363 44,232 43, Kentuky 15,4 14,919 15, Louisin 35,4 35,27 34, Mrylnd 23, 23,538 23, Mississippi 2,672 2,241 18, North Crolin 31,142 31,532 31, Oklhom d 23,139 23,181 23, South Crolin 22,267 21,778 22, Tennessee 23,168 22,166 22, Texs 164, , , Virgini 3,473 3,168 29, West Virgini 4,13 3,856 3, West 275, , ,62 1.4% 1.2% 414 Alsk 4,1 4,173 4, Arizon e 27,136 26,51 26, Cliforni 163,5 163,1 164, Colordo d 17,122 16,833 16, Hwii 5,412 5,53 5, Idho 5,688 5,535 5, Montn 3,25 3,15 3, Nevd 1,291 1,63 9, New Mexio 5,288 5,342 5, Oregon 11,77 1,58 1, Uth 5,44 5,632 5, Wshington 15,242 14,915 14, Wyoming 1,679 1,68 1, The numer of prisoners with sentene of more thn 1 yer per 1, residents. Prison nd jils form n integrted system. Dt inlude totl jil nd prison popultion. The inrertion rte inludes n estimted 6,2 inmtes sentened to more thn 1 yer ut held in lol jils or houses of orretions. d Sentened to more thn 1 yer inludes some inmtes sentened to 1 yer or less. e Popultion figures re sed on ustody ounts Inrertion rte, 6/3/ Prison nd Jil Inmtes t Midyer 21 3

4 Tle 3. Prisoners held in privte filities, Deemer 31, 2, nd June 3, 21 Inmtes held in privte filities Perent of Region nd Numer ll inmtes jurisdition 6/3/1 12/31/ 6/3/1 U.S. totl,8 9, % Federl 18,185 15, Stte 76,763 75, Northest Connetiut Mine Msshusetts New Hmpshire New Jersey New York Pennsylvni Rhode Islnd Vermont Midwest Illinois Indin Iow Knss Mihign Minnesot Missouri Nersk North Dkot Ohio South Dkot Wisonsin South Alm Arknss Delwre Distrit of Columi Florid Georgi Kentuky Louisin Mrylnd Mississippi North Crolin Oklhom South Crolin Tennessee Texs Virgini West Virgini West Alsk Arizon Cliforni Colordo Hwii Idho Montn Nevd New Mexio Oregon Uth Wshington Wyoming 3, , , , ,198 49,843 2,538 3,982 4,582 1,84 2, 128 3, , ,73 17,746 1,568 16,255 1,47 1,42 4,54 2,152 1,1 1, , , ,498 7, , ,337 48,733 1,253 2,342 3,912 3,746 1,268 3, , , ,51 17,432 1,571 15, 1,383 1,43 4,547 2,99 1,187 1, , % % % % Exludes inmtes in pulily operted Stte or lol filities. Bsed on the totl of inmtes under Stte or Federl jurisdition. Inludes 6,1 Federl inmtes held in privtely operted ommunity orretionl enters on 6/3/1. Prison inrertion rtes hve risen shrply sine 199 The inrertion rte of Stte nd Federl prisoners sentened to more thn 1 yer ws 472 per 1, U.S. residents on June 3, 21, down from 481 per 1, on June 3, 2. (See Prison nd Jil Inmtes t Midyer 2, NCJ ) The overll drop reflets the impt of shifting to the 2 deennil ensus popultion estimtes. Midyer inrertion rtes prior to 21 were sed on estimtes from the 199 Census of Popultion nd Housing. Using newly relesed estimtes from the 2 Census, the revised inrertion rte for midyer 2 ws 47 sentened prisoners per 1,. Estimtes (in 1 s) of U.S. resident popultion on July 1* 199 Census 2 Census , , , , ,7 Numer of sentened inmtes per 1, residents t midyer 199 Census 2 Census Twelve Sttes led y Louisin (795 sentened prisoners per 1, Stte residents), Texs (731), Mississippi (689), nd Oklhom (669), exeeded the ntionl rte. Three Sttes C Mine (126), Minnesot (131), nd North Dkot (158) C hd rtes tht were less thn third of the ntionl rte. The Distrit of Columi, totlly urn jurisdition, held 5 sentened prisoners per 1, Distrit residents t midyer 21. The numer of sentened inmtes in the Distrit of Columi dropped from 7, t yerend 2 to 3,388 t midyer 21, s result of n ongoing trnsfer of responsiility for sentened felons to the Federl system. Sine 199 the numer of sentened inmtes per 1, residents hs risen from 2 to 472. During this period prison inrertion rtes rose the most in the South (from 316 to 532) nd West (from 277 to 414). The rte in the Midwest rose from 239 to 37, nd the rte in the Northest rose from 232 to 35. The numer of sentened Federl prisoners per 1, U.S. residents inresed from 2 to 46 over the sme period. Privtely operted prisons held lmost 95, Stte nd Federl inmtes On June 3, 21, 31 Sttes, the Distrit of Columi, nd the Federl system reported totl of,8 prisoners held in privtely operted filities (tle 3). These privte filities held 6.8% of ll Stte nd Federl inmtes, up from 6.5% t yerend 2. The Federl system (with 18,185 inmtes in privte filities), Texs (with 17,746), nd Oklhom (with 7,23) reported the lrgest numer t midyer 21. Four Sttes C New Mexio (45%), Alsk (34%), Montn (3%), nd Oklhom (3%) C nd the Distrit of Columi (47%) hd t lest 3% of their prisoners in privte filities. Exept for Wisonsin (with 2% of its Stte inmtes in privte filities) nd New Jersey (with 9%), the use of privte filities ws onentrted mong Southern nd Western Sttes. 4 Prison nd Jil Inmtes t Midyer 21

5 Four Sttes hve more thn 2% of their inmtes held in other Sttes or in Federl filities On June 3, 21, 11,8 Stte prisoners ntionwide hd een pled in other Sttes or in Federl filities C representing out.9% of ll Stte prisoners (tle 4). In ddition to housing inmtes out of Stte to ese prison rowding, Stte orretionl uthorities often house inmtes under n interstte ompt. Suh inmtes my e housed in other Sttes euse of speil seurity needs (e.g., for sfekeeping from other inmtes) or speil inmte needs (e.g., housing inmtes loser to their fmilies). At midyer 21 Wisonsin pled the most inmtes (4,526), followed y Hwii (1,225), Alsk (777) nd Connetiut (657). Vermont (24.3%), Hwii (22.6%), Wyoming (22.6%), nd Wisonsin (21.6%) hd more thn 2% of their prison popultion housed in filities out of Stte or in the Federl system. Femle prisoner popultion hs more thn douled sine 199 From July 1, 2, to June 3, 21, the numer of women under the jurisdition of Stte nd Federl prison uthorities grew from 93,681 to,336, n inrese of.7% (tle 5). The numer of men rose 1.1%, from 1,2,378 to 1,311,195. At midyer 21 Cliforni, Texs, nd the Federl systems housed nerly 4 of every 1 femle inmtes. Sine 199 the nnul rte of growth of femle inmtes hs verged 7.5%, higher thn the 5.7% verge inrese of mle inmtes. While the numer of mle prisoners hs grown 8% sine 199, the numer of femle prisoners hs inresed 114%. By June 3, 21, women ounted for 6.7% of ll prisoners, up from 5.7% in 199. Reltive to their numer in the U.S. resident popultion, men were out 15 times more likely thn women to e in Stte or Federl prison. On June 3, 21, the rte for inmtes serving sentene of more thn 1 yer ws 59 femle inmtes per 1, women in the United Sttes, ompred to 9 sentened mle inmtes per 1, men. Tle 5. Prisoners under the jurisdition of Stte or Federl orretionl uthorities, y gender, 199, 2, nd 21 All inmtes 6/3/1 6/3/ 12/31/9 Perent hnge 2-21 Averge nnul, Sentened to more thn 1 yer 6/3/1 6/3/ 12/31/9 Inrertion rte* 6/3/1 6/3/ 12/31/9 Men 1,311,195 1,2, ,84 1.1% 5.7% 1,257,246 1,24, , *The totl numer of prisoners with sentene of more thn 1 yer per 1, U.S. residents. Women,336 93,681 44,65.7% 7.5% 86,31 85,357 4, Tle 4. Stte prisoners held out of Stte or in Federl filities, Deemer 31, 2, nd June 3, 21 Region nd jurisdition Stte Northest Connetiut Mine Msshusetts New Hmpshire New Jersey New York Pennsylvni Rhode Islnd Vermont Midwest Illinois Indin Iow Knss Mihign Minnesot Missouri Nersk North Dkot Ohio South Dkot Wisonsin South Alm Arknss Delwre Florid Georgi Kentuky Louisin Mrylnd Mississippi North Crolin Oklhom South Crolin Tennessee Texs Virgini West Virgini West Alsk Arizon Cliforni Colordo Hwii Idho Montn Nevd New Mexio Oregon Uth Wshington Wyoming Inmtes held out of Stte or in Federl filities Numer Perent 6/3/1 12/31/ 6/3/1 11,8 12,351.9% 1, , , , , , , ,742 1, , , % % % % Note: Totls re sed on inmtes held in privte or puli out-of-stte filities nd inmtes held in Federl filities. Exludes inmtes in pulily operted jils nd Federl inmtes from the Distrit of Columi. Inmtes held in other Stte filities inlude interstte ompt ses. Bsed on the totl of inmtes under Stte or Federl jurisdition. Prison nd Jil Inmtes t Midyer 21 5

6 Numer of Stte inmtes under ge 18 delining A totl of 3,147 Stte prisoners were under ge 18 on June 3, 21, down from 3,8 t midyer 2 (tle 6). Overll, fewer thn 1% of Stte inmtes were under ge 18. Tle 6. Numer of inmtes under ge 18 held in Stte nd Federl prisons, y gender, June 3, 199, 1995, nd Yer 199* 1995* Inmtes under ge 18 Totl Mle Femle 3,6 5, ,863 4, ,1 4, ,8 3, ,147 3,1 137 Note: Federl prisons held 39 inmtes under ge 18 in 199 ut none in 1995, Not ville. *Dt for 199 nd 1995 were sed on Census of Stte nd Federl Corretionl Filities. Florid (with 395) nd Connetiut (with 33) reported the lrgest numer of prisoners under ge 18 t midyer 21, followed y New York (254), North Crolin (212), nd Texs (28). Exept for South Crolin, ll of the Sttes with 1 or more inmtes under the ge of 18 t midyer 2 reported the deline in their popultions during 12 months ending June 3, 21. Five Sttes reported inreses C New Hmpshire (from to 4), New Jersey (from 2 to 28), Delwre (from 19 to 26), Alsk (9 to 16) nd Idho (4 to 8). Florid Connetiut New York North Crolin Texs Arizon South Crolin Illinois Cliforni Wisonsin Mississippi Ohio Numer of prisoners under ge 18 6/3/1 6/3/ Perent hnge % % Among Sttes, Louisin hd the highest prison inrertion rte; Mine, the lowest At midyer 21 the 1 jurisditions with the lrgest prison popultions hd under their jurisdition 844,535 inmtes, or 6% of the Ntion s totl prison popultion (tle 7). Texs (164,465), Cliforni (163,5) nd the Federl system (152,788) ounted for third of the popultion. The 1 Sttes with the smllest prison popultions held totl of 25,71 inmtes, 1.8% of the Ntion s totl prison popultion. Louisin hd the highest prison inrertion rte (795 sentened inmtes per 1, residents), followed y Texs (731), Mississippi (689), nd Oklhom (669). Five Sttes hd prison inrertion rtes elow 2, led y Mine (126), Minnesot (131), nd North Dkot (158). Tle 7. The 1 highest nd lowest jurisditions for seleted hrteristis of the prison popultions, June 3, 21 Prison popultion Numer of inmtes Inrertion rte, 6/3/1 Sentened prisoners per 1, Stte residents 12-month growth, 6/3/ to 6/3/1 Perent hnge Femle prison popultion Numer of femle prisoners 1 highest: Texs Cliforni Federl Florid New York Mihign Ohio Illinois Georgi Pennsylvni 1 lowest: North Dkot Wyoming 164, ,5 152,788 72,7 69,158 48,371 45,684 45,629 45,363 37,15 1,8 1,679 Louisin Texs Mississippi Oklhom Alm Georgi South Crolin Delwre Missouri Nevd Mine Minnesot New Jersey Msshusetts -9.6% -3.7 Mine North Dkot Mine 1,693 North Dkot 158 New York -3.5 Vermont Vermont 1,782 Rhode Islnd 179 Knss -2.7 New Hmpshire New Hmpshire 2,323 New Hmpshire 184 Wyoming -2.5 Wyoming South Dkot 2,673 Vermont 221 Ohio -2.5 Rhode Islnd Rhode Islnd 3,147 Nersk 225 Texs -2.2 South Dkot Montn 3,25 West Virgini 225 Mine -1.3 Nersk Nersk 3,4 Uth 235 Rhode Islnd -1.2 Montn West Virgini 4,13 Msshusetts 247 Cliforni -.3 Alsk Note: The Distrit of Columi ws exluded s result of the trnsfer of responsiility for sentened felons to the Federl system. All inmtes under legl uthority of the prison system, regrdless of sentene. The numer of prisoners with sentene of more thn 1 yer per 1, in the resident popultion. The Federl system is exluded Mississippi West Virgini Vermont Nersk North Dkot Oregon Federl Hwii Montn Arknss 12.5% Texs Cliforni Federl Florid New York Illinois Georgi Ohio Oklhom Louisin 13,328 1,6 1,81 4,245 3,273 2,883 2,76 2,756 2,362 2, Prison nd Jil Inmtes t Midyer 21

7 Growth slows s rising Stte prison releses outpe dmissions Underlying the drmti slowdown in the rte of growth in Stte prison popultions hs een rise in prison releses. During 2, 57,6 sentened prisoners were relesed from Stte prisons, up from 526,95 in 1998 C n inrese of 8.4% (tle 8). At the sme time, totl dmissions to Stte prison rose y 1.7% (from 572,779 in 1998 to 582,232 in 2). In 37 of the 44 Sttes reporting omprle dt the differene etween nnul dmissions nd releses ws redued. In 11 Sttes the numer of releses inresed while dmissions dropped; in 18 Sttes releses inresed fster thn dmissions; nd in 8 Sttes releses deresed more slowly thn dmissions. Overll, Stte prison relese rtes dropped from 37 per 1 inmtes in 199 to 31 per 1 in 1995 nd then remined nerly unhnged (rehing 32 per 1 in 2). However, s result of inresing totl prison popultions, the solute numer of releses inresed 25% (from 455,139 in 1995 to 57,6 in 2). (See Prisoners in 1999, NCJ ) Prior to 1998 growth in prison dmissions refleted inresing numers of offenders returning for prole violtions. Between 199 nd 1998, the numer of returned prole violtors inresed 54% (from 133,87 to 26,751), while the numer of new ourt ommitments inresed 7% (from 323,69 to 347,27). The numer of prole violtors returned to prison in 2 totled 23,569; the numer of new ourt ommitments, 35,431. (See Trends in Stte Prole, 199-2, NCJ ) Stte prison dmissions, y type New ourt Yer All* ommitments , , , ,13 582, ,69 337,4 347,27 345,648 35,431 Prole violtors 133,87 175,726 26, ,639 23,569 *Bsed on inmtes with sentene of more thn 1 yer. Tle 8. Numer of sentened prisoners dmitted nd relesed from Stte or Federl jurisdition, y region nd jurisdition, Region nd jurisdition U.S. totl Federl Stte Northest 65,363 66,952 67,17-2.6% 68,775 63,474 6, % Connetiut 6,185 6,36 5,918 5,283 Mine Msshusetts 2,62 2,373 2, ,889 2,914 2,9 -.4 New Hmpshire 1,51 1, , New Jersey 13,653 15,16 16, ,362 14,734 14, New York 27,61 28,181 27, ,833 26,652 26, Pennsylvni 11,777 11,82 1, ,759 1,28 9, Rhode Islnd 1, , Vermont Midwest Illinois Indin Iow Knss Mihign Minnesot Missouri Nersk North Dkot Ohio South Dkot Wisonsin Admissions Perent hnge, ,4 614,985 61, % 43,732 41,2 38, , ,13 572, ,776 11,852 19,448 29,344 27,499 26,47 11,876 1,564 1,547 4,656 3,858 4,79 5,2 4,89 4,59 12,169 12,75 13,358 4,46 4,557 4,37 14,454 13,526 12,9 1,688 1,63 1, ,78 21,32 2,63 1,4 1,395 1,328 8,3 8,868 8, % Releses Perent hnge , ,84 556,367 9.% 35,259 31,816 29,462 57,6 542, ,95 114,382 16,86 28,876 25,995 11,53 1,317 4,379 4,715 5,231 4,53 1,874 11,243 4,244 4,475 13,346 12,267 1,53 1, ,793 22,91 1,327 1,311 8,158 6,895 99,781 24,25 9,263 4,239 4,239 12,68 4,56 11,736 1, ,198 1,152 6,464 South 221, 22,4 215,9 2.4% 214,15 22,919 1,48 8.9% Alm 6,2 8,282 7, ,136 8,1 7, Arknss 6,1 6,45 6, ,38 5,43 5, Delwre 2,79 2,624 1, ,26 2,18 1, Dist. of Col. 3,156 5,733 5, ,238 5,471 7, Florid 35,683 32,225 25, ,9 29,889 22, Georgi 17,373 19,871 15, ,7 17,173 12, Kentuky 8,116 6,867 7, ,733 6,59 7,55 3. Louisin 15,735 15,981 16, ,536 15,241 13, Mrylnd 1,327 1,987 1, ,4 1,327 1,4-4.7 Mississippi 5,7 5,825 6, , 4,136 4, North Crolin 9,839 1,198 11, ,687 1,71 11, Oklhom 7,426 7,635 7, ,628 6,14 6, South Crolin 8,46 8,261 8, ,676 7,2 7, Tennessee 13,675 13,5 13,893 12,361 Texs 58,1 56,361 59, ,776 52,318 55, Virgini 9,791 8,24 1, ,148 7,685 9,1 1.6 West Virgini 1,577 1,38 1, ,261 1,24 1, West 177,9 175,169 18, % 173,7 169, , % Alsk 2,427 2,45 2, ,599 2,54 2, Arizon 9,56 9,21 1, ,1 8,982 8, Cliforni 129,64 13,6 134, , , ,449.1 Colordo 7,36 6,72 6, ,881 5,346 5, Hwii 1,5 1,533 1,379 1,332 Idho 3,386 2,37 2, ,6 1,724 2, Montn 1,22 1,277 1, ,31 1,44 1, Nevd 4,9 4,479 4, ,374 4,536 4, New Mexio 3,161 1,826 2,33 3,383 1,9 2,252 Oregon 4,59 4,15 3, ,371 3,185 2, Uth 3,27 3,35 3, ,8 2,554 2,5-1.6 Wshington 7, 6,795 7, ,764 6,344 6, Wyoming Note: Exludes espes, AWOLS, nd trnsfers to or from other jurisditions. Not lulted. Bsed on inmtes under jurisdition with sentene of more thn 1 yer. Comprle dt were not ville for ll three yers. Dt from the most reent omprle yer were used to lulte regionl nd ntionl totls. C Dt my not e omprle from yer to yer due to hnging reporting methods % Prison nd Jil Inmtes t Midyer 21 7

8 At midyer the Ntion s jils supervised 72,44 persons As defined in this report, jils re lolly operted orretionl filities tht onfine persons efore or fter djudition. Inmtes sentened to jil usully hve sentene of 1 yer or less, ut jils lso inrerte persons in wide vriety of other tegories. (See ox elow.) Bsed on the 21 Annul Survey of Jils, the Ntion s lol jils held or supervised 72,44 offenders on June 29, 21 (tle 9). Jil uthorities supervised 1% of these offenders (7,84) in lterntive progrms outside the jil filities. A totl of 631,24 persons were housed in lol jils. Jils C! reeive individuls pending rrignment nd hold them witing tril, onvition, or sentening! redmit protion, prole, nd ilond violtors nd sonders! temporrily detin juveniles pending trnsfer to juvenile uthorities! hold mentlly ill persons pending their movement to pproprite helth filities! hold individuls for the militry, for protetive ustody, for ontempt, nd for the ourts s witnesses! relese onvited inmtes to the ommunity upon ompletion of sentene! trnsfer inmtes to Federl, Stte, or other uthorities! house inmtes for Federl, Stte, or other uthorities euse of rowding of their filities! sometimes operte ommunitysed progrms s lterntives to inrertion! hold inmtes sentened to short terms (generlly under 1 yer). Among persons under ommunity supervision y jil stff in 21, nerly 25% were required to perform ommunity servie (17,561) nd 2% to prtiipte in weekend reporting progrm (14,381). Fourteen perent of offenders in the ommunity were under eletroni monitoring; 9% were under other pretril supervision; 7% were in drug, lohol, mentl helth, or other type of medil tretment progrm; nd 7% were in work relese or other lterntive work progrm. Supervised outside jil fility 12-month growth rtes for lol jils peked in 19 Perent hnge in lol jil popultion from previous yer, % 8% 6% 4% 2% % 34,869 Numer of jil inmtes rose 1,1 in 12 months ending June 29, 21 Between July 1, 2, nd June 29, 21, the numer of persons held in lol jil filities grew 1.6% C from 621,149 to 631,24 (tle 9). The 12-month inrese ws well elow the verge growth (3.7%) from midyer 1995 to midyer 21 (figure 2). The 1.6% growth in 21 ws the smllest nnul inrese in the lst dede. In solute numers, the totl inrese of 1,91 inmtes in 21 ws less thn the inrese in 2 (15,26). Tle 9. Persons under jil supervision, y onfinement sttus nd type of progrm, midyer 1995, Confinement sttus nd type of progrm Totl Held in jil ,913 57,44 Numer of persons under jil supervision ,3 687,33 72,44 65,3 82,3 621,149 65,884 Eletroni monitoring 6,788 1,23 1,782 1,17 Home detention 1, Dy reporting 1,283 5,8 3,9 3,522 Community servie 1,253 2,139 13,5 17,561 Weekender progrms 1,99 16,89 14,523 14,381 Other pretril supervision 3,229 1, 6,279 6,632 Other work progrms 9,144 7,78 8,11 5,24 Tretment progrms d 8,5 5,714 5,219 Other/unspeified 887 3,62 2,682 7,729 Not ville. Exludes persons supervised y protion or prole geny. Inludes only those without eletroni monitoring. Inludes persons in work relese progrms, work gngs, nd other work lterntive progrms. d Inludes persons under drug, lohol, mentl helth, nd other medil tretment ,24 7,84 Figure 2 8 Prison nd Jil Inmtes t Midyer 21

9 Jil inrertion rtes ontinue to rise Sine 199 the Ntion s jil popultion on per pit sis hs inresed over third. During this period the numer of jil inmtes per 1, residents rose from 163 to 222. Yer Numer held in jil Inrertion rte , , ,3 5, ,79 518,4 57, , Numer of jil inmtes per 1, U.S. residents on July 1 of eh yer. Rtes for 2 nd 21 re sed on estimtes from the 2 Census nd updted for July 1 of eh yer; rtes for re sed on estimtes from the 199 Census. When offenders under ommunity supervision y jil uthorities re inluded with those in ustody, the rte ws 247 offenders per 1, U.S. residents t midyer 21. A totl of 7,613 persons under ge 18 were housed in dult jils on June 3, 21 (tle 1). Eighty-nine perent of these young inmtes hd een onvited or were eing held for tril s dults in riminl ourt. The verge dily popultion for the yer ending June 3, 21, ws 625,6, n inrese of 1.2% from 2 nd 22.8% from Chrteristis of jil inmtes hnging slowly Mle inmtes mde up 88.4% of the lol jil inmte popultion t midyer 21 - over 2 perentge points lower thn t midyer 199 (tle 11). During the 12-month period ending June 29, 21, the numer of femle inmtes rose 3.1%, while the perent of mle inmtes rose 1.5%. On verge the dult femle jil popultion hs grown 6.3% nnully sine 199, while the dult mle inmte popultion hs grown 3.8%. At midyer 21 mjority of lol jil inmtes were lk or Hispni. White non-hispnis mde up 43.% of the jil popultion; lk non-hispnis, 4.6%; Hispnis, 14.7%; nd other res (Asins, Pifi Islnders, Amerin Indins, nd Alsk Ntives), 1.6%. Reltive to their numer of U.S. residents, men were nerly 8 times more likely thn women to hve een held in lol jil on June 29, 21. Blk non-hispnis were 5 times more likely thn white non-hispnis, over 2½ times more likely thn Hispnis, nd 11 times more likely thn persons of other res to hve een in jil. Estimted Inrertion ount rte Totl 631, Gender Mle Femle 558,11 73, Re/Hispni origin White 271,7 138 Blk 256,2 73 Hispni 93, 263 Other 1,3 61 Note: Inmte ounts were estimted nd rounded to the nerest 1. Resident popultion figures y gender re sed on the 2 Census nd then estimted for July 1, 2. Figures y re/hispni origin re ounts from the 2 Census s enumerted on April 1, 2. Numer of inmtes per 1, residents in eh group. Non-Hispni only. Inludes Amerin Indins, Alskn Ntives, Ntive Hwiins, nd other Pifi Islnders. Tle 1. Averge dily popultion nd the numer of men, women, nd juveniles in lol jils, midyer 199, 1995, nd Averge dily popultion 48,75 59, , ,6 Numer of inmtes, June 3 45,32 57,44 621, ,24 Adults 43,19 499,3 613, ,628 Mle 365, , 543,12 551,7 Femle 37,198 51,3 7,414 72,621 Juveniles 2,31 7,8 7,615 7,613 Held s dults d 5,9 6,126 6,757 Held s juveniles 2,31 1,8 1, Note: Dt re for June 3 in 1995 nd 2 nd for June 29 in 199 nd 21. Detiled dt for 1995 were estimted nd rounded to the nerest 1. Not ville. The verge dily popultion is the sum of the numer of inmtes in jil eh dy for yer, divided y the totl numer of dys in the yer. Inmte ounts for 199 inlude n unknown numer of persons who were under jil supervision ut not onfined. Juveniles re persons defined y Stte sttute s eing under ertin ge, usully 18, nd sujet initilly to juvenile ourt uthority even if tried s dults in riminl ourt. In 19 the definition ws hnged to inlude ll persons under ge 18. d Inludes juveniles who were tried or witing tril s dults. Tle 11. Gender, re, Hispni origin, nd onvition sttus of lol jil inmtes, midyer 199, 1995, nd 2-21 Chrteristi Totl Gender Mle Femle Re/Hispni origin White, non-hispni Blk, non-hispni Hispni Other* Perent of jil inmtes % 1% 1% 1% 9.8% % % % % % Convition sttus (dults only) Convited 48.5% 44.% 44.% Mle Femle Unonvited Mle Femle Note: Detil my not dd to totl euse of rounding. *Inludes Amerin Indins, Alsk Ntives, Asins, nd Pifi Islnders. 88.4% % % Prison nd Jil Inmtes t Midyer 21 9

10 On June 29, 21, n estimted 58.5% of the Ntion s dult jil inmtes were witing ourt tion on their urrent hrge. An estimted 258,7 dults held in lol jils were serving sentene in jil, witing sentening, or serving time for protion or prole violtion. At midyer 21, 9% of jil pity ws oupied In the 12 months ending June 29, 21, more eds thn inmtes were dded to the Ntion s jils. At midyer 21 the rted pity of the Ntion s lol jils ws estimted t 699,39, n inrese of 21,522 in 12 months (tle 12). Rted pity is the mximum numer of eds or inmtes lloted y Stte or lol rting offiils to eh jil fility. The growth in jil pity during the 12-month period ending on June 29, 21, ws less thn the verge growth of 25,591 eds every 12 months sine midyer 1995, nd ws less thn the growth in eds during 2 (25,466). As of June 29, 21, 9% of the lol jil pity ws oupied.* As rtio of ll inmtes housed in jil filities to totl pity, the perentge oupied deresed y 14 perentge points from 199 to 21. At midyer 199 lol jils operted t 4% ove their rted pity. *On Deemer 31, 2, Stte prisons were operting etween 1% nd 115% of pity, while Federl prisons were operting t 31% ove pity. See Prisoners in 2, August 21, NCJ Jil jurisditions tht on verge held etween inmtes reported the highest oupny rtes. At midyer 21 oupny ws 9% of rted pity in jil jurisditions with n verge dily popultion of 1, or more inmtes, ompred to 67% in those with fewer thn 5 inmtes. Perent Size of of pity oupied jurisdition* 21 2 Totl 9% % Fewer thn 5 inmtes , or more *Bsed on the verge dily popultion in the yer ending June 3. Tle 12. Rted pity of lol jils nd perent of pity oupied, 199 nd Yer Rted pity 699,39 677, , ,78 586, ,1 545, ,171 Averge nnul inrese % Amount Perent of of pity pity dded oupied 21,522 9% 25,466 39,541 26,216 23,593 17,28 41,439 25, Note: Cpity dt for 199, nd 2-1 re survey estimtes sujet to smpling error. See ppendix tles for more detils. Rted pity is the numer of eds or inmtes ssigned y rting offiil to filities within eh jurisdition. The numer of eds dded during the 12 months efore June 3 of eh yer. The numer of inmtes divided y the rted pity times 1. The 5 lrgest jil jurisditions housed third of ll jil inmtes On June 29, 21, the Ntion s 5 lrgest jil jurisditions held 32.6% (25,875) of ll jil inmtes (tle 13). Twenty-two Sttes hd t lest one jurisdition whih rnked in the top 5 for verge dily popultion. Sttes with more thn one jurisdition mong the Ntion s 5 lrgest jurisditions re Cliforni (1), Florid (7), Texs (7), Georgi (3), Ohio (3), Pennsylvni (3), nd Tennessee (2). The two jurisditions with the most inmtes, Los Angeles County nd New York City, together held pproximtely 34,2 inmtes, or 5.4% of the ntionl totl. Twenty-three jurisditions mong the 5 lrgest experiened derese in the numer of inmtes held etween July 1, 2, nd June 29, 21. Jurisditions with the lrgest dereses were Oklhom County, Oklhom (down 22.4%), Hrris County, Texs (down 21.1%), Trrnt County, Texs (down 16.6%), Shely County, Tennessee (down 13.%), nd Sn Diego County, Cliforni (down 1.2%). The jurisdition with the lrgest inrese in jil popultion ws Reeves County, Texs, whose popultion ws up 75.7% nd whose rted pity inresed y 87.1% (s result of new ddition to the jil). Other jil jurisditions with sustntil popultion inreses were Essex County, New Jersey (up 21.2%), King County, Wshington (up 17.%), nd York County, Pennsylvni (up 16.%). Nineteen of the 5 lrgest jil jurisditions operted t over 1% of their rted pity. On June 29, 21, Clrk County, Nevd, operted t 171% of their pity; Frnklin County, Ohio, operted t 143%; nd Mriop County, Arizon, operted t 134% of pity. 1 Prison nd Jil Inmtes t Midyer 21

11 Tle 13. The 5 lrgest lol jil jurisditions: Numer of inmtes held, verge dily popultion, nd rted pity, midyer Jurisdition Totl Numer of inmtes held ,7 26,713 25,875 Averge dily popultion ,814 27,481 26,619 Rted pity , , ,554 Perent of pity oupied t midyer d % 91% 9% Los Angeles County, CA New York City, NY Cook County, IL Hrris County, TX Mriop County, AZ 2,398 16,321 9,47 8,419 6,52 18,957 14,349 1, 7,854 7,12 19,4 14,249 1,356 6,1 6,951 2,683 17,562 9,43 7,772 6,77 19,662 15,53 9,81 8,234 6,66 19,327 14,49 1,212 7,124 7,55 24,32 22,584 9,677 8,7 7,671 24,32 22,558 9,798 8,62 5,293 24,44 22,574 9,798 8,62 5,1 84% % % Phildelphi City, PA Dde County, FL Dlls County, TX Orlens Prish, LA Sn Bernrdino County, CA 6,272 6,862 6,4 6,624 4,752 6,568 6,42 6,9 6,293 5,581 7,47 6,72 6,354 5,899 5,22 6,27 7,127 6,4 6,935 4,4 6,484 6,851 7,299 6,381 5,124 7,41 6,41 6,275 5,875 5,3 5,6 8,127 7,666 7,25 4,754 5,6 8,14 8,187 7,25 4,957 5,6 8,179 6,585 7,477 4, Shely County, TN Sn Diego County, CA Ornge County, CA Browrd County, FL Ornge County, FL 6,91 5,495 4,853 4,358 4,1 5,428 5,335 4,982 4,861 4,63 4,721 4,79 4,498 5,8 4,228 5,84 5,666 5,1 4,424 3,88 5,795 5,317 4,87 4,813 4,131 5,176 4,895 4,7 4,745 4,172 6,47 5,9 3,812 5,13 3,95 6,91 6,14 3,821 5,28 3, 6,3 4,726 4,19 5,562 3, Snt Clr County, CA Almed County, CA Hillsorough County, FL Trrnt County, TX Milwukee County, WI 4,817 4,562 3,275 3,462 3,366 4,114 4,216 3,528 3,626 3,378 4,132 3,844 3,463 3,24 3,398 4,748 4,333 3,213 3,693 2,747 4,343 4,229 3,35 3,87 3,3 4,122 3,856 3,52 3,484 3,444 4, 4,89 3,369 4,546 4,66 3,91 4,354 3,369 4,548 3,79 3,629 4,354 3,373 5,89 3, Bexr County, TX Bltimore City, MD Srmento County, CA De Kl County, GA Jksonville City, FL 3,517 3,149 3, 2,734 2,846 3,672 3,467 3,172 3,7 2,8 3,448 3,648 3,183 3,119 2,85 3,536 3,544 3,318 3,5 2,758 3,561 3,193 3,2 2,8 2,73 3,418 3,287 3,217 3,146 3,25 3,67 3,744 4,218 3,636 3,113 3,67 3,777 4,732 3,636 3,2 4,231 3,861 4,488 3,636 3, King County, WA Allegheny County, PA Fulton County, GA Pinells County, FL Wyne County, MI 2,46 2,171 3,38 2,525 2,588 2,484 2,45 2,869 2,488 2,65 2,9 2,42 2,813 2,771 2,619 2,345 2,86 3,6 2,432 2,65 2,4 2,288 3,8 2,54 2,8 2,885 2,868 2,785 2,728 2,68 2,143 2,713 2,33 2,261 2,643 2,143 2,757 2,55 3,183 2,668 3,641 2,3 2,55 3,33 2, Trvis County, TX Riverside County, CA Kern County, CA Dvidson County, TN Clrk County, NV 2,516 2,552 2,568 2,245 2,915 2,619 2,591 2,752 2,262 2,827 2,79 2,672 2,79 2,538 2,531 2,582 2,25 2,312 2,572 2,574 2,553 2,7 2,378 2,659 2,641 2,621 2,615 2,538 1,958 2,879 2,698 1,488 1,958 2,468 2,684 2,868 1,488 2,246 2,659 2,698 2,866 1, Mrion County, IN e Essex County, NJ Plm Beh County, FL Fresno County, CA Suffolk County, MA 2,343 1,648 2,574 2,22 2,448 2,521 2,84 2,448 2,31 2,2 2,514 2,526 2,353 2,331 2,36 2,33 2,16 2,543 2,254 1,8 2,425 1,771 2,565 2,25 2,312 2,451 2,48 2,353 2,346 2,3 2,389 1,756 3,255 2,382 1,798 2,39 1,53 2,619 2,348 2,452 2,43 2,41 2,619 2,482 2, Co County, GA Frnklin County, OH El Pso County, TX Multnomh County, OR Cuyhog County, OH 1, 2,49 1,99 1,84 2,74 2,216 2,12 2,1 1,914 2,274 2,45 2,46 1,884 2,135 1,931 2,59 1,893 1,75 2,53 2,156 2, 2,36 1,98 2,274 2,271 2,148 2,36 2, 2,229 2,464 2,73 1,777 2,224 2,639 2,464 2,73 1,749 2,224 1,681 1,8 2,73 1, Hmilton County, OH Reeves County, TX York County, PA Slt Lke County, UT Oklhom County, OK 2,73 1,131 1,55 1,48 2,136 2,41 1,142 1,647 1,745 2,425 1,916 2,7 1,911 1,888 1,883 2,7 1,8 1,358 1,5 2,1 2,93 1,125 1,558 1,522 2,3 1,985 1,8 1,931 1,875 1,863 2,465 1,85 1,6 2,4 2,41 2,465 1,168 1,725 1,93 2,58 2,465 2,185 1,95 1, 3, Note: Jurisditions re ordered y their verge dily popultion in 21. Not ville. Numer of inmtes held in jil filities. Totls for 1999 inlude estimtes for Dvidson County, TN, nd Frnklin County, OH. Bsed on the verge dily popultion for the yer ending June 3. The verge dily popultion is the sum of the numer of inmtes in jil eh dy for yer, divided y the numer of dys in the yer. Rted pity is the numer of eds or inmtes ssigned y rting offiil to filities within eh jurisdition. d The numer of inmtes divided y the rted pity multiplied y 1. e Figures for 1999 nd 2 hve een updted to inlude Mrion County Jil II - CCA Prison nd Jil Inmtes t Midyer 21 11

12 An estimted 12% of lk mles in their twenties nd erly thirties were in prison or jil in 21 When totl inrertion rtes re estimted seprtely y ge group, lk mles in their twenties nd thirties re found to hve high rtes reltive to other groups. Among the more thn 1. million offenders inrerted on June 3, 21, n estimted 61,8 were lk mles etween the ges of 2 nd 39 (tle 14). Expressed in terms of perentges, 13.4% of lk non-hispni mles ge 25 to 29 were in prison or jil, ompred to 4.1% of Hispni mles nd out 1.8% of white mles in the sme ge group (tle 15). Although inrertion rtes drop with ge, the perentge of lk mles ge 45 to 54 in prison or jil in 21 ws n estimted 3.4% C nerly twie the highest rte (1.9%) mong white mles (ge 3 to 34). Femle inrertion rtes, though signifintly lower thn mle rtes t every ge, revel similr ril nd ethni disprities. Blk non-hispni femles (with prison nd jil rte of 38 per 1,) were 3 times more likely thn Hispni femles (119 per 1,) nd 5½ times more likely thn white femles (67 per 1,) to e inrerted in 21. These differenes mong white, lk, nd Hispni femles were onsistent ross ll ge groups. Among lk non-hispni femles, the rte ws highest (1,389 per 1,) mong those ge 3 to 34. This rte ws only slightly lower thn the highest rte mong white mles (1,934 per 1,). Blk inrertion rte highest in Wisonsin; Hispni rte highest in New Hmpshire Louisin led the Ntion t midyer 21 with 1,13 prison nd jil inmtes per 1, Stte residents, followed y Texs (6) nd Georgi (952) (tle 16). Mine (222), Minnesot (225), nd Vermont (226) held the fewest inmtes reltive to their Stte popultions. When inrertion rtes y Stte re estimted seprtely y gender, re, nd Hispni origin, mle rtes re found to e 11½ times higher thn femle rtes; lk rtes 6 times higher thn white rtes; nd Hispni rtes 2 times higher thn white rtes. The lrgest differenes in inrertion Age Totl Totl 1,8, , , , , , , ,7 55 or older 47,4 Note: Bsed on ustody ounts from Ntionl Prisoners Sttistis (NPS-1A), 21, nd Annul Survey of Jils, 21, nd estimtes y ge from Survey of Inmtes in Lol Jils, 19, nd Survey of Inmtes in Stte Corretionl Filities, 19 nd Federl Justie Sttistis Progrm (FJSP) for inmtes on Age Totl or older Totl 1,318 1,984 3,349 3,699 3,42 2,637 1, Note: Bsed on the ltest ville estimtes of the U.S. resident popultion for July 1, 2, from the 199 ensus nd djusted for the ensus underount. rtes etween men nd women re in Msshusetts (18 times higher for men) nd Mine (17 times higher for men). The lrgest differenes in rtes etween whites nd lks re in Connetiut, New Jersey, nd Minnesot (pproximtely 13 times higher for lks), nd etween whites nd Hispnis in Connetiut nd Pennsylvni (7 times higher for Hispnis), Msshusetts nd North Dkot (6 times higher). Wisonsin led the Ntion with n estimted 4,58 lk prison nd jil inmtes per 1, lk Stte residents, followed y Iow (with 3,32) nd Texs (3,287). New Hmpshire with 1,747 Hispni inmtes per 1, Hispni residents, Pennsylvni (1,68), nd Connetiut (1,434) hd the highest Hispni rtes. Tle 14. Numer of inmtes in Stte or Federl prisons nd lol jils, y gender, re, Hispni origin, nd ge, June 3, 21 Numer of inmtes in Stte or Federl prisons or lol jils Mle Femle White Blk Hispni Totl White Blk Hispni 684,8 83,4 283, 161,2 67,7 69,5 19,9 27,4 37,8 15,7 4,1 2, 1,4 5 14,7 151,4 61,9 21, 9,1 7,7 3,8 11,3 163,6 59,2 31,3 12, 13,7 4,1 129,9 15,7 53,9 4,1 15,9 19,1 4,2 12,3 136,1 38, 31,8 13,4 14,4 3,3 82,2 82,8 27,4 17,3 7,6 7,4 1,9 77,6 61,1 2,4 12,1 5,8 4,5 1,6 29,2 12,7 5,1 2,6 1,8 8 2 Septemer 3, 2. Estimtes were rounded to the nerest 1. Inludes Amerin Indins, Alsk Ntives, Asins, Ntive Hwiins, nd other Pifi Islnders. Exludes Hispnis. Tle 15. Numer of inmtes in Stte or Federl prisons nd lol jils per 1, residents, y gender, re, Hispni origin, nd ge, June 3, 21 Numer of inmtes per 1, residents of eh group Mle Femle White Blk Hispni Totl White Blk 75 4,848 1, ,21 2, ,641 11,232 4, ,821 13,391 4, ,7 1,934 11,3 3, ,389 1,511 1,54 2, ,356 2, ,351 1, Hispni Inludes Amerin Indins, Alsk Ntives, Asins, Ntive Hwiins, nd other Pifi Islnders. Exludes Hispnis. 12 Prison nd Jil Inmtes t Midyer 21

13 Tle 16. Numer of inmtes in Stte prisons nd lol jils per 1, residents, y gender, re, nd Hispni origin, nd Stte, June 3, 21 Region nd jurisdition Stte Numer of inmtes per 1, residents in eh group All Mle Femle White Blk Hispni 639 1, , Northest ,7 1,45 Connetiut 524 1, ,427 1,434 Mine Msshusetts ,562 1,39 New Hmpshire ,649 1,747 New Jersey , New York 546 1, ,638 1,21 Pennsylvni 533 1, ,57 1,68 Rhode Islnd , Vermont d ,7 27 Midwest , Illinois , Indin 545 1, , Iow , Knss , Mihign 644 1, , Minnesot , Missouri 623 1, , Nersk ,3 83 North Dkot ,321 1,214 Ohio 558 1, , South Dkot ,22 7 Wisonsin 65 1, ,58 4 South 79 1, , Alm 7 1, , Arknss 5 1, , Delwre 895 1, , Distrit of Columi 3 1, ,54 13 Florid 772 1, , Georgi 952 1, , Kentuky 569 1, ,3 517 Louisin d 1,13 1, ,251 6 Mrylnd d 657 1, , Mississippi 852 1, , North Crolin 56 1, , Oklhom 812 1, , South Crolin 756 1, ,74 2 Tennessee 647 1, , Texs 6 1, ,287 8 Virgini 72 1, , West Virgini , West 636 1, , Alsk 667 1, , Arizon 72 1, ,849 1,3 Cliforni 6 1, , Colordo 5 1, ,751 1,69 Hwii Idho 613 1, ,573 1,311 Montn , Nevd 734 1, , New Mexio 65 1, , Oregon , Uth , Wshington , Wyoming ,477 1,49 Bsed on the estimted numer of U.S. residents on July 1, 21, using the 2 Census of Popultion nd Housing totls nd djusting for popultion hnge sine April 2. Bsed on the numer of U.S. residents y gender,re, nd Hispni orign on April 1, 2, s enumerted in the 2 Census of Popultion nd Housing. Reported Stte prison ustody ounts for whites nd lks were djusted to exlude Hispnis. (See Methodology.) d Stte prison ustody ounts for Hispnis were estimted. (See Methodology.) Methodology Ntionl Prisoner Sttistis (NPS) The Bureu of Justie Sttistis, with the U.S. Census Bureu s its olletion gent, otins yerend nd midyer ounts of prisoners from deprtments of orretion in eh of the 5 Sttes, the Distrit of Columi, nd the Federl Bureu of Prisons. In n effort to ollet omprle dt from ll jurisditions, NPS distinguishes etween prisoners in ustody from those under jurisdition. To hve ustody of prisoner, Stte must hold tht person in one of its filities. To hve jurisdition, Stte hs legl uthority over the prisoner. Prisoners under Stte s jurisdition my e in the ustody of lol jil, nother Stte s prison, or other orretionl fility suh s privtely operted institution. Some Sttes re unle to provide oth ustody nd jurisdition ounts. (See Ntionl Prisoner Sttistis jurisdition notes.) Exluded from NPS ounts re persons onfined in lolly dministered onfinement filities who re under the jurisdition of lol uthorities. NPS ounts inlude ll inmtes in Stte-operted filities in Alsk, Connetiut, Delwre, Hwii, Rhode Islnd, nd Vermont, whih hve omined jil-prison systems. Annul Survey of Jils, 21 In eh of the yers etween the full ensuses, smple survey of jils is onduted to estimte seline hrteristis of the Ntion s jils nd the inmtes housed in these jils. Bsed on informtion from the 1999 Census of Jils, smple of jil jurisditions ws seleted for the 21 survey. A jurisdition is ounty (prish in Louisin) or muniipl government tht dministers one or more lol jils. The smple inluded ll jil filities (8) in 878 jurisditions. Prison nd Jil Inmtes t Midyer 21 13